There are strong evidences suggesting that Thl and Th2 lymphocytes develop from the same Thlymphocyte precursor under the influence of environmental or genetic factors acting at the level of antigen presentation, but it remains to be answered whether it is possible to change the cytokine profile of established or ongoing Th1 and Th2 response. The purpose of this study is to reveal whether it is possible to reverse the cytokine profile of human Th lymphocytes by the modulation of antigen presentation. Using a multiparameter flow cytometric assay that allows simultaneous determination of surface CD4 and intracellular IFN-r or IL-4, we have studied the emergence of Th1 or Th2 lymphocytes in response to tetanus toxoid exposure and the patterns of cytokine synthesis in established T lymphocyte clones. Th2 populations arising after 4 wk of stimulation in IL-2, PHA, tetanus toxoid and irradiated autogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells as antigen presenting cells (APC) could give rise to IFN-r-producing Th1 lymphocytes when stimulated in IL-2 plus PHA in the absence of antigen and APC. These IFN-r-producing Th1 lymphocytes nearly disappeared and IL-4-producing Th2 lymphocytes predominated again when cultured again in the presence of antigen and APC. In contrast, prolonged culture in the absence of antigen and APC induced relative predominance of IFN-r-producing The lymphocytes. The cytokine profile of long-term Th2 population arising originally from the repeated stimulation in the presence of antigen and APC appeared more homogeneous and less reversible, although they could convert to Th1 lymphocytes when cultured without antigen and APC. These findings may explain that the polarized Th response is reversible depending on the presence of antigen presentation.
Antigen Presentation* ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Clone Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Lymphocytes ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer* ; Tetanus Toxoid

The acetabular angles were measured in 2 groups of selected 100 infants and children each, of whom one group aged 14 months and younger and the other group aged 15 months of 5 yrs. and who were proved to be normal by all the physical examination and whose acetabular angles were below 40 according to Coleman's diagnostic criteria. The measurements were broken down into right and left, and male and female because of the known difference in the incidence of CDH in 2 members of each of these paired categories and analysed statistically. The following statistic significances resulted: l. All the measured normal acetabular angles vary between 10 and 31 degrees. 2. The acetabular angles decrease after weight bearing by the statistical significant difference between 0-14 mo. group and 15 mo-5yr. group. The angles are 22,61±3,47 (M±S,D) and 18.68±3.64 (M±S.D) respectively. 3. The acetabular angles of female of 15mo.-5yr. group are higher than male by the statistical significant difference. The angles are 17.77±3.54 (M±S.D) and 20.18±3.29 (M±S.D) respectively. 4. Statistical significant differences were absent between right and left.
Acetabulum ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Mesenteric Artery, Superior*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome risk factors, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in male high school students in Korea. Furthermore, the effects of the cardiorespiratory fitness levels on these four factors were examined. METHODS: The level of cardiorespiratory fitness, BMI, percent body fat, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), HOMA-IR, and hsCRP of 227 male high school students were measured. Analyses of multiple correlation and simple regression were applied. RESULTS: The results showed that the level of cardiorespiratory fitness correlated negatively with BMI, percent body fat, WC, TG, and HDL-C, in addition to HOMA-IR and hsCRP, and strongly influenced BMI, percent body fat, WC, TG, HDL-C, HOMA-IR, and hsCRP. Comparative analysis of our subjects showed that higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels had positive effects on BMI, metabolic syndrome risk factors, HOMA-IR, and hsCRP. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that there are close correlations between cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI, metabolic syndrome risk factors, HOMA-IR, and hsCRP. It also showed that, compared to lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, higher levels had beneficial effects on BMI, metabolic syndrome risk factors, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin ; Korea ; Male ; Physical Fitness ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

No abstract available.
Leukemia*

No abstract available.
Hyperlipidemias* ; Obesity* ; Risk Factors* ; Urolithiasis*

No abstract available.
Hyperlipidemias* ; Obesity* ; Risk Factors* ; Urolithiasis*

Two cases of primary carcinoma of the ureter were reported with review of the literatures.
Ureter*

No abstract available.
Mandibulofacial Dysostosis*