Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the unmet needs experienced by patients discharged after cancer surgery in order to develop a systematic discharge plan. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted on 20 patients within one year after major cancer surgery in Korea. Data were collected from August 19 to September 26, 2019, and the interview data were analyzed by Qualitative Content Analysis using the MAXQDA 2018 software to derive categories and subcategories of the study. Results: The needs for discharge planning for cancer patients consisted of four categories (physical needs, informational needs, mental health needs, social needs) and seven subcategories. Conclusion To meet the unmet needs of cancer patients for discharge planning, proper support and services at a hospital, and at a community and national level should be in place. The categories and subcategories formulated through this study can be used as basic data for the development of a standard evaluation form and interventions when planning cancer patient discharge.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the unmet needs experienced by patients discharged after cancer surgery in order to develop a systematic discharge plan. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted on 20 patients within one year after major cancer surgery in Korea. Data were collected from August 19 to September 26, 2019, and the interview data were analyzed by Qualitative Content Analysis using the MAXQDA 2018 software to derive categories and subcategories of the study. Results: The needs for discharge planning for cancer patients consisted of four categories (physical needs, informational needs, mental health needs, social needs) and seven subcategories. Conclusion To meet the unmet needs of cancer patients for discharge planning, proper support and services at a hospital, and at a community and national level should be in place. The categories and subcategories formulated through this study can be used as basic data for the development of a standard evaluation form and interventions when planning cancer patient discharge.

PURPOSE: The purpose of study was to examine and compare the clinical practicum stress, depression, and self-efficacy between Type D and non-Type D personality among nursing students. METHODS: This study used a descriptive correlational survey design. Subjects included a total of 120 nursing students (Type D personality: n=60, non-Type D personality: n=60) in Seoul, Korea. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive statistics, χ² test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, ANCOVA, and Scheffe test as a post hoc test with SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences on clinical practicum stress (t=2.81, p=.029), depression (t=6.67, p<.001), and self-efficacy (t=9.84. p<.001) between non-Type D and Type D personality among nursing students. CONCLUSION: Type D personality in nursing students had higher clinical practicum stress and depression than them of non-Type D personality in nursing students. Nursing interventions or strategies for Type D personality in nursing students are needed to decrease clinical practicum stress and depression.
Depression* ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Preceptorship* ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing* ; Type D Personality*

To investigate the effect of diazepam on the contractility of the intestinal smooth muscle, longitudinal muscle strip isolated from rat ileum was prepared for myography in isolated organ bath. 1) Basal tone of ileal muscle was reduced by diazepam concentration-dependently. 2) Higher concentrations (30 and 100 microM) of diazepam inhibited (p<0.05, p<0.001) The carbachol-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner; but lower concentration of diazepam (10 microM) enhanced (p<0.05). 3) Histamine-induced contraction was inhibited by pretreatment with diazepam in a concentration-dependent manner. 4) Ca⁺⁺-induced tension recovery in calcium-free solution was inhibited in the presence of diazepam concentration-dependently. These results suggest diazepam reduces the contractility of the longitudinal muscle isolated from rat ileum via interference with influx of calcium into the muscle cells.
Animals ; Baths ; Calcium ; Carbachol* ; Diazepam* ; Ileum* ; Muscle Cells ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myography ; Rats*

Type II collagen (CII), major component of hyaline cartilage, has been considered as an auto-antigen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the clinical and biological significances with regard to the CII autoimmunity need to be clarified in human RA. The presence of antibodies to CII has been identified in sera, synovial fluid, and cartilage of patients with RA. In our study, the increased titer of IgG anti-CII in sera was well correlated with C-reactive protein, suggesting that this antibody may reflect the inflammatory status of RA. The titer of anti-CII antibodies (anti-CII Abs) tended to be higher in early stages of diseases. In our extending study, among 997 patients with RA, 269 (27.0%) were positive for circulatory IgG antibody to CII, those levels were fluctuated over time. It is hard to assess the significant amount of T cell responses to CII and CII (255~274) in RA. By using a sensitive method of antigen specific mixed lymphocyte culture, we can detect the presence of CII-reactive T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of RA patients. Sixty seven (46.9%) of 143 patients showed positive CII reactive T cell responses to CII or CII (255~274). The frequencies of CII reactive T cells were more prominent in inflamed synovial fluid (SF) than in peripheral blood. These T cells could be clonally expanded after consecutive stimulation of CII with feeding of autologous irradiated antigen presenting cells (APC). Moreover, the production of Th1-related cytokine, such as IFN-gamma, was strongly up-regulated by CII reactive T cells. These data suggest that T cells responding to CII, which are probably presenting the IFN-gamma producing cells, may play an important role in the perpetuation of inflammatory process in RA. To evaluate the effector function of CII reactive T cells, we investigated the effect of CII reactive T cells and fibroblasts-like synoviocytes (FLS) interaction on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. When the CII reactive T cells were co-cultured with FLS, the production of IL-15 and TNF-alpha from FLS were significantly increased (2 to 3 fold increase) and this increase was clearly presented in accord to the expansion of CII reactive T cells. In addition, the production of IFN-gamma and IL-17, T cell derived cytokines, were also increased by the co-incubation of CII reactive T cells with FLS. We also examined the impact of CII reactive T cells on chemokines production. When FLS were co-cultured with CII stimulated T cells, the production of IL-8, MCP-1, and MIP-1alpha were significantly enhanced. The increased production of these chemokines was strongly correlated with increase the frequency of CII reactive T cells. Conclusively, immune response to CII was frequently found in RA. Activated T cells in response to CII contributed to increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which were critical for inflammatory responses in RA. The interaction of CII-reactive T cells with FLS further augmented this phenomenon. Taken together, our recent studies have suggested that autoimmunity to CII could play a crucial role not only in the initiation but amplification/perpetuation of inflammatory process in human RA.
Antibodies ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Autoimmunity ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cartilage ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokines ; Collagen Type II* ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Immunoglobulin G ; Interleukin-15 ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukin-8 ; Lymphocytes ; Synovial Fluid ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The purpose of this study was to assess vitamin B6 intake and status in Korean patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Sixty-four patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 8-11% glycated hemoglobin (A1C), along with 28 age-matched non-diabetic subjects, participated. Dietary vitamin B6 intake was estimated by the 24 hour recall method and plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) was measured. There was a significant difference in daily total calorie intake between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups (1,917 +/- 376 vs 2,093 +/- 311 kcal). There were no differences in intake of total vitamin B6 (2.51 +/- 0.91 vs 2.53 +/- 0.81 mg/d) or vitamin B6/1,000 kcal (1.31 +/- 0.42 vs 1.20 +/- 0.32 mg) between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups, andI intakes of total vitamin B6 were above the Korean RDA in both groups (180.0 +/- 57.9 vs 179.0 +/- 65.4). There was a higher percentage of diabetic subjects whose plasma PLP concentration was < 30 nmol/L compared to non-diabetic group. Plasma PLP levels tended to be lower in the diabetic subjects than in the non-diabetic subjects, although the difference was not statistically significant due to a large standard deviation (80.0 +/- 61.2 nmol/L vs 68.2 +/- 38.5 nmol/L). Nevertheless, plasma PLP levels should be monitored in pre-diabetic patients with diabetic risk factors as well as in newly diagnosed diabetic patients for long-term management of diabetes, even though this factor is not a major risk factor that contributes to the development of degenerative complications in certain patients.
Fibrinogen ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Nutrition Policy ; Plasma ; Pyridoxal ; Risk Factors ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamins

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to compare the clinical competency in different instructio nal methods for funda- mentals of nursing practicum, standardized patients methods story as text method ,and traditional lecture/model method. METHOD: The study was designed as a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group post-test design with three separate classes of sophomore students attending fundamentals of nursing classes at one baccaleureate nursing school located in metropoli tan Seoul area. Control group was taught by traditiona lecture/ model method and two experimental groups were taught by standardized patients method and story as text method. Data were collected from September, 1999 to June 2001. There were 36 students in the standardized patient method group, 38 students in story as text group, and 40 students in the control group. Data analysis was done using SPSS WINDOW 9.0. RESULT: The results showed that the standardized patients method and story as text method groups were significantly better in clinical judgement and communication skills than the traditional lecture/model method group. The standardized patients method group was significantly better in clinical nursing skills performance than two other groups. However, there was no significant difference among the three groups in student satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The standardized patients method is an effective in teaching clinical cometency for student nurses. It is necessary to explore more efficient way to develop standardized patients cases for wider areas of nursing education. Also, it is recommended to develop more research projects with many nursing programs.
Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Schools, Nursing ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of diabetes education program on Glucose Metabolism(blood sugar. HbAlc) and Lipid Metabolism(total cholesterol. triglyceride. low density lipoprotein. high density lipoprotein). Self-efficacy in non-insulin independent diabetes mellitus. The study design was a non equivalent control group pre-test post-test design. Data for the study were collected from March 12 to June 19, 2001. Sixty-two research subjects were assigned to experimental (36) and control (26) groups. The collected data was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. t-test by spsswin program The results are as follows: 1. Experimental group had higher level of glucose metabolism than control group(FBS: t=-3.317. p=.002. HbAlc: t=-4.956. p=.000). 2. Level of lipid metabolism were partly a significant different between experimental group and control group(Triglyceride: t=-2.108. p=.039). 3. Experimental group had higher efficacy score than control group(t=4.651. p=.000). In conclusion. the study supported the effects of diabetes education program to increase metabolism and self-efficacy. Further study with a longitudinal design is suggested to verify the effect of diabetes education program in NIDDM and standardized diabetes education program.
Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Education* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism* ; Lipoproteins ; Metabolism* ; Research Subjects ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: Relocation stress is a common phenomenon in patients discharged from an intensive care unit(ICU) to a ward. Therefore, nurses need to be aware of the problems that can arise during the transfer process. The aim of this study was to identify nurses' experiences in transferring critically ill patients from the ICU to a ward. METHOD: Focus group interviews were done with 13 nurses from wards and ICU, which participated in receiving and sending of ICU patients. The debriefing notes and field notes were analyzed using the consistent comparative data analysis method. RESULT: Seven major categories were identified in the analysis of the data. These were 'mixed feeling about transfer', 'lack of transfer readiness', 'increase in family burden', 'uncertainty with unfamiliar environment', 'difficulty in decision making', 'difference of perception of the relationships between patients and health care providers', 'need for continuity of nursing care'. CONCLUSION: Transferring out of the critical care area should be presented to the patient and family as a positive step in the recovery process. However, a more universal method of passing information from nurse to nurse is needed to assist in a smooth transition.
Collodion ; Critical Care ; Critical Illness ; Delivery of Health Care ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: Stem cell transplantation (SCT) has gained worldwide acceptance as a treatment for hematologic disorders. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of acute kidney injury after SCT in children. METHODS: The records of 53 patients who were treated with SCT at the pediatric department of Yeungnam University Hospital between January, 1996 and April, 2009 were used as subjects. Their were divided into two groups ; 'Early renal insufficiency' (ERI, n=18) and 'Non-early renal insufficiency' (NERI, n=35). ERI had greater than 25% of drop in GFR after SCT. RESULTS: Total 53 patients were analyzed. In cord blood SCT (n=11), ERI was 4 (36.4%) and NERI was 7 (63.6%). In bone marrow SCT (n=16), ERI was 8 (50.0%) and NERI was 8 (50.0%). In autologous peripheral blood SCT (n=26), ERI was 6 (23.1%) and NERI was 20 (76.9%). There is no difference in both groups according to kinds of SCT. GVHD was developed in 22 patients, and there is no difference in each group. Twenty two of 53 pateints died. ERI was 12 (66.7%) and NERI was 10 (28.6%). Acute renal failure is most important cause of the deaths. CONCLUSION: Out of 53 pediatric patients who were treated with SCT, 18 patients had greater than 25% of drop in GFR. There is no difference in both groups according to kinds of SCT. GVHD was found in 22 patients and there is no relation between GVHD development and acute kidney injury.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Bone Marrow ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Renal Insufficiency ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells