Some baseball pichers have the symptom-complex of the elbow joint due to repetitive throwing. The Hyperextension overload syndrome is symptom-complex caused by impingement between olecranon tip and fossa during hyperextension of the elbow. The patients of hyperextension overload syndrome is have some pathology of his elbow such as bony spur on olecranon tip, intra-articular loose body or degenerative arthritis. And they complaint of pain or limitation of extension. The authors diagnosed and treated five cases of hyperextension overload syndrome. All of them had flexion contracture. Three cases of them had cubitus valgus. But no had medial instability of the elbow. Three cases of them had tenderness on the olecranon tip. Four patients treated by excision of osteophyte or loose body with arthroscopic or open operative technique.
Baseball ; Contracture ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow ; Humans ; Olecranon Process ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteophyte ; Pathology

Twenty nine cases of wrist tuberculosis were reviewed(19 joint involvement cases and 4 tendon involvement cases) and twenty three cases were followed up more than one and half years. The mean follow up period was 26.7 months. Synovectomies were not satisfactory in cases of joint involvement and they were useful only in cases of tendon involvement. Arthrodesises were used for 16 cases of joint involvement and were satisfactory in 87,5 percent by Robin's criteria. Finger stiffness was most serious complication(initially, 8.7 percent and finally, 34.8 percent) and it is suggested that early motion of fingers after arthrodesis can prevent this complication.
Arthrodesis ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Joints ; Tendons ; Tuberculosis ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Erythroblastosis, Fetal* ; Infant, Newborn

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of the balloon-assisted technique with HyperForm balloon in the endovascular treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: A total of 34 patients with 34 wide-necked intracranial aneurysms were treated with endovascular coil embolization using balloon-assisted technique with Hyperform balloon. Twenty-nine aneurysms (85.3%) were located in the anterior circulation. The group of patients was comprised of 16 men and 18 women, aged 33 to 72 years (mean : 60.6 years). The size of aneurysms was in the range of 2.0 to 22.0 mm (mean 5.5 mm) and one of neck was 2.0 to 11.9 mm (mean 3.8 mm). The dome to neck ratio was ranged from 0.83 to 1.43 (1.15). Sixteen patients were treated for unruptured aneurysms and the remaining 18 presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. RESULTS: In the 34 aneurysms treated by the remodeling technique with HyperForm balloon, immediate angiographic results consisted of total occlusion in 31 cases (91.2%) and partial occlusion in three cases (8.8%). There were five procedure-related complications (14.7%), including two coil protrusions and three thromboembolisms; Except one patient, all were successfully resolved without permanent neurologic deficit. No new bleeding occurred during the follow-up. Twenty patients (59%) underwent angiographic follow-up from 2 to 33 months (mean 9.2 months) after treatment. Focal recanalization with coil compaction of the neck portion was observed in 5 cases (25%). Only one case showed major recanalization and underwent stent-assisted coil embolization. CONCLUSION: The balloon-assisted technique with Hyperform balloon is a feasible, safe, and effective endovascular treatment of wide-necked cerebral aneurysms.
Aged ; Aneurysm ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Male ; Neck ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: Pressure rise time (PRT) is the time in which the ventilator aclieves the set airway pressure in pressure-targeted modes, such as pressure control ventilation (PCV). With varying PRT, in principle, the peak inspiratory flow rate of the ventilator also varies. And if PRT is set to a shorter duration, the effective duration of target pressure level would be prolonged. which in turn would increase inspiratory tidal volume(Vti) and mean airway pressure(Pmean). We also postulated that the increase in Vti with shortening of PRT may relate inversely to the patients' basal airway resistance. METHODS: In 13paralyzed patients on PCV(pressure control 18±9.5cm H2, FIO2 0.6±0.3, PEEP 5±3cm H2O, f20/min, I : E, 1 : 2) with Servo 300(Siemens-Elema, Solna, Sweden)from various causes of respiratory failure, PRT of 10%, 5% and 0% were randomly applied. At 30min of each PRT trial, peak inspiratory flow (PIF, L/sec), Vti(ml), Pmean(cm H2O) and ABGA were determined. RESULTS: At PRT 10, 5% and 0%, PIF were 01.69±0.13, 0.77±0.19, 0.83±0.22, respectively(p<0.001). Vti were 425±94, 439±101, 456±106, respectively(p<0.001), and Pmean were 11.2±3.7, 12.0±3.7, 12.5±3.8, respectively(p<0.001). pH were 7.40±0.08, 7.40 ±0.92, 7.41±0.96, respectively (p=0.004) ; PaCO2 (mm Hg) were 47.4±15.8, 47.2±15.7, 44.6±16.2, respectively (p=0.004) ; PAO2 - PaO2 (mm Hg) were 220±98, 224±95, 227±94, respectively(p=0.004) ; and Vd/Vt as determined by (PaCO2 - P CO2/PaCO2 were 0.67±0.07, 0.67±0.08, 0.66 ±0.08, respectively(p=0.007). The correlation between airway resistance and change of Vti from PRT 10% to 0% were r=-0.243(0.498). CONCLUSION: Shortening of pressure rise time during PCV was associated with associated with increased tidal volume, increased mean airway pressure and lower PaCO2.
Airway Resistance ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Tidal Volume* ; Ventilation* ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: We evaluated the clinical outcomes of the autologous platelet rich plasma injection for the treatment of recalcitrant medial and lateral epicondylitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen cases with recalcitrant medial and lateral epicondylitis despite of conservative treatment for 1 year were enrolled in this study. Each patient underwent autologous platelet rich plasma injection and followed up minimally of 40 weeks. The assessment included a preoperative and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (0~10) at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 36 weeks and overall satisfaction was evaluated with Roles & Maudsley score at 36 weeks after injection. We also compared the clinical outcomes between medial and lateral epicondylitis group. RESULTS: Mean preoperative VAS was 8.7 points and improved to 5.1, 5.2 and 4.7 at 12, 24 and 36 weeks follow up, respectively. Roles & Maudsley score was excellent in 5 cases(26%), good in 7 cases(37%), acceptable in 4 cases(21%) and poor in 3 cases(16%). On the comparison of medial and lateral epicondylitis group, there was no statistical significant difference (p=0.38). CONCLUSION: The autologous platelet rich plasma injection for recalcitrant medial & lateral epicondylitis is thought to be a alternative treatment option.
Blood Platelets ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Platelet-Rich Plasma

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor has been recently reported of diabetic ketoacidosis due to accumulation of ketone bodies in patients with severe dehydration caused from such like diarrhea even though the patient had normal glucose level. This is a case of ketoacidosis in normal glucose level as production of ketone bodies is stimulated in liver with increased secretion of glucagon by stimulation of α cells in pancreas due to increase of lipolysis caused from reducing insulin and by SGLT2 inhibitor among patients who are under concurrent insulin and SGLT2 inhibitor. Thus, insulin dosage reduction requires caution in order to control blood glucose level on combined treatment of SGLT2 inhibitor in a patient who is administering insulin because the patient may be caused ketoacidosis in normal blood glucose level.
Blood Glucose ; Dehydration ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis* ; Diarrhea ; Glucagon ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Ketone Bodies ; Ketosis ; Lipolysis ; Liver ; Pancreas ; Sodium*

BACKGROUND: Nettles, of the plant family Urticae, cause nonimmunologic contact urticaria by stinging hairs. Light application of the leaf or stem to the skin results in the rapid development of a short-lived stinging sensation accompanied by wheal formation and itching. The types of chemical mediators causing the stinging sensation and wheal have not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE: To investigate stinging and urticating substances causing contact urticaria when the skin is in contact with nettle(Urtica thunbergiana). METHODS: Twenty two volunteers were used for the clinical portion of this investigation. The time to wheal development and the evanescent time of pain and wheal were measured after pricking the forearm skin with nettle trichomes, following the administration of antihistamine, antiserotonin or corticosteroid, respectively or a combination of two, either with or without the application of substance P antagonist(capsaicin cream, 0.025%). Nettle extracts were prepared from dry stems and leaves of Urtica thunbergiana. Histamine, serotonin and substance P(SP) contents of nettle extracts were measured by gas chromatographic mass spectroscopy. RESULTS: After puncture of the skin by trichome of nettle, a stinging sensation developed within a few seconds but disappeared faster at the site where capsaicin cream had been applied than at the nonapplied skin site(p<0.05). The development and evanescent time of wheal were not significantly correlated with the application of capsaicin cream. The evanescent time of pain after pricking the skin with trichome following the administration of antiserotonin was significantly shortened at the nonapplied skin site. Pain disappeared more rapidly at the capsaicin applied site following the administration of antihistamine or antiserotonin than at the nonapplied sites(p<0.05), but not following prednisolone administration. Wheal development was delayed significantly at both the capsaicin applied and nonapplied sites after antihistamine administration(p<0.05). Histamine was detected only in the nettle extract. SP and serotonin were not detected because of their insolubility in solvents. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that wheal-and-flare reaction to nettle stings is due primarily to the histamine and partly to the serotonin and SP introduced by the nettle. SP may be mainly involved and partially involved by serotonin in stinging pain.
Bites and Stings ; Capsaicin ; Forearm ; Hair ; Histamine ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plants ; Prednisolone ; Pruritus ; Punctures ; Sensation ; Serotonin ; Skin ; Solvents ; Substance P ; Trichomes ; Urticaria* ; Volunteers

The epidemiological study to evaluate the prevalence rate and the morphological classification was performed in Do Bong-Gu, Seoul from May 9, 1989 to May 25, 1989. However, this report was a part of preliminary data to make a further population based epidemiological study to evaluate the prevalence rate and morphological classification of the age-related cataract in Korea. The results of this study are as follow: 1. The total examinees were 100;39 male and 61 female, and they were over 40 years of age who complained of recent visual acuity decrement. 2. 91 persons had lens opacity in different decement. 3. The prevalence rate of cataract was 89.7% in male and 93.4% in female and the sexual difference shows that the female had more higher frequency of lens opacity. 4. The classification of lens opacity according to the stage showed that the immature cataract was the most frequent type. The cortical cataract was the most frequent type and the mixed type was second in order by the morphological classification. 5. The prevalence rate of cataract in age had strong tendency to increase in older age and in 80s the rate was in 100%.
Cataract* ; Classification* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Prevalence ; Seoul* ; Visual Acuity

The epidemiological study to evaluate the prevalence rate and the morphological classification was performed in Do Bong-Gu, Seoul from May 9, 1989 to May 25, 1989. However, this report was a part of preliminary data to make a further population based epidemiological study to evaluate the prevalence rate and morphological classification of the age-related cataract in Korea. The results of this study are as follow: 1. The total examinees were 100;39 male and 61 female, and they were over 40 years of age who complained of recent visual acuity decrement. 2. 91 persons had lens opacity in different decement. 3. The prevalence rate of cataract was 89.7% in male and 93.4% in female and the sexual difference shows that the female had more higher frequency of lens opacity. 4. The classification of lens opacity according to the stage showed that the immature cataract was the most frequent type. The cortical cataract was the most frequent type and the mixed type was second in order by the morphological classification. 5. The prevalence rate of cataract in age had strong tendency to increase in older age and in 80s the rate was in 100%.
Cataract* ; Classification* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Prevalence ; Seoul* ; Visual Acuity