The congenital mesoblastic nephroma is the most common renal neoplasm seen in the first few months of life. This tumor usually benign, but local recurrences and metastases have been reported, and treatment is total nephrectomy. This entity must be differentiated from Wilm's tumor so as to avoid unnecessary postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy. Recently, we experienced a case of congenital mesoblastic nephroma in female newborn infant. Diagnosis was made with physical examination, plain roentgenogram of the abdomen, ultrasonography of the abdomen and I.V.P. and confirmed with microscopic examination. A brief review of the related literature was made on this subject.
Abdomen ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic* ; Physical Examination ; Recurrence ; Ultrasonography ; Wilms Tumor

The congenital mesoblastic nephroma is the most common renal neoplasm seen in the first few months of life. This tumor usually benign, but local recurrences and metastases have been reported, and treatment is total nephrectomy. This entity must be differentiated from Wilm's tumor so as to avoid unnecessary postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy. Recently, we experienced a case of congenital mesoblastic nephroma in female newborn infant. Diagnosis was made with physical examination, plain roentgenogram of the abdomen, ultrasonography of the abdomen and I.V.P. and confirmed with microscopic examination. A brief review of the related literature was made on this subject.
Abdomen ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic* ; Physical Examination ; Recurrence ; Ultrasonography ; Wilms Tumor

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of volatile organic compounds, and formaldehyde on heart rate variability among elderly people who are vulnerable to ambient pollution. METHODS: From May to August of 2009, 57 subjects older than 60 years were recruited in this study. Indoor air pollutants (volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde) were measured by a personal passive sampler. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured in the sitting position for five minutes and assessed by time-domain and frequency-domain. RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis showed significantly less low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) associated with elevated benzene levels. Exposure to toluene was associated with decreases in the Standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN) and LF. SDNN and LF were negatively associated with the increment of ethylbenzene levels. CONCLUSIONS: An adverse effect on cardiovascular function caused by volatile organic compounds was observed among the elderly people of Seoul even though indoor air pollutant levels were lower than the yearly average guideline for indoor air quality in Korea.
Aged ; Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; Benzene ; Benzene Derivatives ; Formaldehyde ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Toluene ; Volatile Organic Compounds

Perinatal tuberculosis can be divided into congenital tuberculosis due to intrauterine infection and neonatal tuberculosis due to infection irnmediately following birth. It is a rare disease entity with only 300 cases reported worldwide. In Korea, only a few cases have been reported and only 1 case has been confirmed by autopsy at neonatal period. Although the majority of the mothers are found to have advanced tuberculosis and the children themselves are usually of premature birth, early diagnosis is difficult and despite antituberculous medication, the mortality rate is high. We report a premature baby with respiratory difficulty admitted to our hospital, whose mother was found to have miliary tuberculosis during the course of management. The baby died and autopsy was performed to confirm congenital tuberculosis.
Autopsy ; Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Premature Birth ; Rare Diseases ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Miliary

Since Jan. 1991 a prospective randomized study for Stage III unresectable non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) has been conducted to evaluate the response rate and tolerance of induction chemotherapy with MVP followed by hyperfractionated radiotherapy and evaluate the efficacy of maintenance chemotherapy in Asan Medical Center. All patients in this study were treated with hypefractionated radiotherapy (120 cGy/fx BID, 0480 cGy/54 fx) following 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy, MVP (Mitomycin C 6 mg/m2, Vinblastin B mg/ m2, Cisplatin 60 Mg/ m2) and then the partial and complete responders from induction chemotherapy were randomized to 3 cycles of adjuvant MVP chemotherapy group and observation group. 48 patients were registered to this study until December 1992; among 48 patients 3 refused further treatment after induction chemotherapy and 6 received incomplete radiation therapy because of patient's refusal, 39 completed planned therapy. Twenty-three(58%) patients including 2 complete responders showed response from induction chemotherapy. Among the 21 patients who achieved a partial response after induction chemotherapy, 1 patient rendered complete clearance of disease and 10 patients showed further regression of tumor following hypefractionated radiotherapy. Remaining 10 patients showed stable disease or progression after radiotherapy. Of the sixteen patients judged to have stable disease or progression after induction chemotherapy, seven showed more than partial remission after radiotherapy but nine showed no response in spite of radiotherapy. Of the 35 patients who completed induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 25 patients(64%) including 3 complete responders showed more than partial remission. Nineteen patients were randomized after radiotherapy. Nine patients were allocated to adjuvant chemotherapy group and 4/9 shewed further regression of tumor after adjuvant chemotherapy. For the time being, there is no suggestion of a difference between the adjuvant chemotherapy group and observation group in distant metastasis rate and survival. Median survival time was 13 months. Actuarial survival rates at 6, 12 and 18 months of 39 patients who completed this study were 84.6%, 53.7% and 40.3%, respectively. The partial and complete responders from induction chemotherapy showed significantly bettor survival than non-responders(p=0.028). Incidence of radiation pneumonitis in this stuffy group was less than that in historical control group inspite of induction chemotherapy. All patients tolerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy without definite increase of acute complications compared with conventional radiotherapy group. The longer fellow up is needed to evaluate the efficacies of induction and maintenance chemotherapy and survival advantage by hypefractionated radiotherapy but authors are encouraged with an excellent tolerance, higher response rate and improvement of one year survival rate in patients of this study.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cisplatin ; Disulfiram ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Induction Chemotherapy* ; Lung ; Maintenance Chemotherapy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Radiotherapy* ; Survival Rate

Objective: This study aimed to explore the myelin volume change in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with post-concussion syndrome (PCS) using a multidynamic multiecho (MDME) sequence and automatic whole-brain segmentation. Materials and Methods: Forty-one consecutive mTBI patients with PCS and 29 controls, who had undergone MRI including the MDME sequence between October 2016 and April 2018, were included. Myelin volume fraction (MVF) maps were derived from the MDME sequence. After three dimensional T1-based brain segmentation, the average MVF was analyzed at the bilateral cerebral white matter (WM), bilateral cerebral gray matter (GM), corpus callosum, and brainstem. The Mann–Whitney U-test was performed to compare MVF and myelin volume between patients with mTBI and controls. Myelin volume was correlated with neuropsychological test scores using the Spearman rank correlation test. Results: The average MVF at the bilateral cerebral WM was lower in mTBI patients with PCS (median [interquartile range], 25.2% [22.6%–26.4%]) than that in controls (26.8% [25.6%–27.8%]) (p = 0.004). The region-of-interest myelin volume was lower in mTBI patients with PCS than that in controls at the corpus callosum (1.87 cm3 [1.70–2.05 cm3 ] vs. 2.21 cm3 [1.86– 3.46 cm3 ]; p = 0.003) and brainstem (9.98 cm3 [9.45–11.00 cm3 ] vs. 11.05 cm3 [10.10–11.53 cm3 ]; p = 0.015). The total myelin volume was lower in mTBI patients with PCS than that in controls at the corpus callosum (0.45 cm3 [0.39–0.48 cm3 ] vs. 0.48 cm3 [0.45–0.54 cm3 ]; p = 0.004) and brainstem (1.45 cm3 [1.28–1.59 cm3 ] vs. 1.54 cm3 [1.42–1.67 cm3 ]; p = 0.042). No significant correlation was observed between myelin volume parameters and neuropsychological test scores, except for the total myelin volume at the bilateral cerebral WM and verbal learning test (delayed recall) (r = 0.425; p = 0.048). Conclusion MVF quantified from the MDME sequence was decreased at the bilateral cerebral WM in mTBI patients with PCS. The total myelin volumes at the corpus callosum and brainstem were decreased in mTBI patients with PCS due to atrophic changes.

The first edition of the ‘Standardized Pathology Report for Colorectal Cancer,’ which was developed by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group (GIP) of the Korean Society of Pathologists, was published 13 years ago. Meanwhile, there have been many changes in the pathologic diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), pathologic findings included in the pathology report, and immunohistochemical and molecular pathology required for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. In order to reflect these changes, we (GIP) decided to make the second edition of the report. The purpose of this standardized pathology report is to provide a practical protocol for Korean pathologists, which could help diagnose and treat CRC patients. This report consists of “standard data elements” and “conditional data elements.” Basic pathologic findings and parts necessary for prognostication of CRC patients are classified as “standard data elements,” while other prognostic factors and factors related to adjuvant therapy are classified as “conditional data elements” so that each institution could select the contents according to the characteristics of the institution. The Korean version is also provided separately so that Korean pathologists can easily understand and use this report. We hope that this report will be helpful in the daily practice of CRC diagnosis.