No abstract available.
Lipodystrophy*

Since the nose is the most prominent part in the face, the plastic surgeons are interested in the continued effort for rhinoplasty. Nasal tip projection is essential to optimal nasal for the patient's face. But, the nasal tips of Orientals are characterized by bulbous appearance due to thick and tense skin, flaring of nostril. and restriction of nasal tip projection due to underdevelopment of medial crus of alar cartilage and short columella. Most orientals want to correct their nasal tip as well as shape of nose. We present clinical cases of various nasal tip deformities which were corrected with various operative methods through either alar rim incision of open rhinoplasty incision depending upon the severity of tip deformity in order to achieve more natural tips and good nasal tip projection. And the clinical cases were categorized into causes of nasal tip deformity and methods of nasal tip augmentation. We are reporting these reporting these cases with review of literatures.
Cartilage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Nose ; Rhinoplasty ; Skin ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

No abstract available.
Fever* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Conjoined twins occur when there is imcomplete fission of the inner cell mass later at approximately 13 to 15 days after fertilization. The earlist case in the literat.ure appears to be that of the Biddenden Maids who were born in England in 1100. since then over two hundred cases of successful separation were reported on literature. And also successful separation cases were reported by Seung et al.(1991) in Korea. Conjoined twins occur between one in 50,000 to 100,000 births but real incidence is one in 200,000 because two thirds are stillbirth or died immediately after birth. The conjoined twins are not associated with maternal age, race or family history and 70 % of them are females. We experienced a case of conjoined twins with omphalopagus and performed surgical separation. A brief review of related literatures was done.
Animals ; Continental Population Groups ; England ; Female ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Maternal Age ; Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Parturition ; Stillbirth ; Twins, Conjoined*

No Abstract Available.
Breast* ; Mastectomy, Subcutaneous* ; Nipples*

BACKGORUND: A tourniquet is commonly used to achieve bloodless field in surgery of the extremities. However, use of tourniquet occasionally has been associated with intraoperative hypertension, but the mechanism of this tourniquet-induced hypertension is unknown. We investigated the effect of preoperative ketamine on tourniquet-induced changes of arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (Ci), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRi). METHODS: Twenty-two patients of ASA physical status class 1 and 2, scheduled for lower extremity surgery using a tourniquet, were randomly assigned into two groups. Anesthesia was maintained with 1.5-2.0 vol% enflurane and 50% N2O in O2 with endotracheal intubation. The changes of BP, HR, Ci, and SVRi were measured (1) at 10 minutes after induction, (2) at 10 minutes after injection of normal saline (control group) or ketamine 0.25 mg/kg, i.v. (ketamine group) before skin incision and tourniquet inflation, (3) at immediately and 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 minutes after inflation of tourniquet, and (4) immediately after deflation of tourniquet. RESULTS: During tourniquet inflation, BP and HR were not significantly changed in each group and there was no significant differences between the two groups. However, Ci decreased during inflation of the tourniquet in both groups, and it significantly decreased in the control group at the time of 5 and 40 minutes after inflation of tourniquet. SVRi significantly increased during inflation of the tourniquet, and decreased immediately after deflation of the tourniquet in the control group. CONCLUSiONS: We concluded that preoperative iV ketamine, 0.25 mg/kg can prevent tourniquet-induced hemodynamic changes in patients under general anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arterial Pressure ; Enflurane ; Extremities ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Inflation, Economic ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Ketamine* ; Lower Extremity* ; Skin ; Tourniquets* ; Vascular Resistance

PURPOSE: Stress, depending on its intensity and duration, results in either adaptive or maladaptive physiological and psychological changes in humans. Also, it was found that stressful experiences increase the signs of behavioral despair in rodents. On the other hand, exercise and melatonin treatment is believed to have many beneficial effects on health. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-depressant effects of physical activity and melatonin against chronic stress-induced depression in rats. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats(200-250g, 7 weeks of age) were subjected to depression induced by chronic stress. Chronic depression was induced with forced-swim stress (FSS) and repeated change of light-dark cycle for 4 weeks. In the last 2 weeks, some rats were confined in a cage enriched with a running wheel, seesaw and chewed a ball from 19:00 to 07:00 every day. Melatonin was injected intra-peritoneally (I.P), and the rats received intraperitoneal injections of melatonin (15 mg/kg). The Forced Swim Test (FST) was performed to evaluate the immobility behaviors of rats for a 5 min test. RESULTS: It was found that, the immobility time in FST was significantly (p<.05) lower in physical exercise (M=58.83+/-22.73) and melatonin (M=67.33+/-37.73) than in depressive rats (M=145.93+/-63.16) without physical activity. Also, TPH positive cell in dorsal raphe was significantly (p<.05) higher in exercise (M=457.38+/-103.21) and melatonin (M=425.38+/-111.56) than in depressive rats (M=258.25+/-89.13). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that physical activity and melatonin produces antidepressant-like effect on stress-induced depression in rats. So, physical exercise and melatonin may be a good intervention in depression patients.
Adult ; Animals ; Depression* ; Exercise ; Hand ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Melatonin* ; Models, Animal* ; Motor Activity* ; Photoperiod ; Rats* ; Rodentia ; Running

No abstract available.
Animals ; Lordosis*

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have suggested that the personality and communication style of the mother can affect the progress of disease in children with chronic illnesses. The current study assessed the characteristics, attachment type and communication skill of mothers who have children with alopecia areata that may concern their children. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 46 mothers of children with alopecia areata (alopecia children: mean age 7.52+/-3.41yrs ; 27 males, 19 females), who visited the alopecia clinic at the Dermatology Department of Chung-Ang University Hospital, and 42 mothers of normal children (control children : mean age 6.85+/-0.46 yrs; 20 males, 22 females). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) subscale, the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), the Parent Adolescent Communication Inventory (PACI), and the Campbell Index of Well-Being were administered to all the subjects for the purpose of comparing the mothers of the alopecia group with those of the normal controls. RESULTS: There were no differences in socio-demographic characteristics between the alopecia and control group mothers. The MMPI scores of both groups were within the normal profile ranges, but the scores of the mothers in the alopecia areata group were significantly lower than those in the control group mothers on the Pd(4), Mf(5), and Ma(9) subscales (p=0.028, p=0.001, p=0.005 respectively). There were significant differences in communication style between the two groups. Alopecia group mothers showed less open family communication (p=0.034) and more problems in family communication (p=0.000) than the control group mothers. The scores on problems in family communication were positively correlated with Pd(4) scores (r=0.48, p=0.03). An insecure attachment style was more common in the alopecia group mothers than in control group mothers (p=0.023). There was no difference between the two groups of mothers on the Index of Well-Being. CONCLUSION: Compared with the mothers of control group children, the mothers of children with alopecia areata had more depressed and suppressed personality characteristics not expressing their psychological conflicts directly (low Pd, Mf, and Ma scores), more problems in family communication with their children and more insecure attachment type. We suggest that these results should be considered in the treatment of children with alopecia, and that psychological intervention for their mothers is needed.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alopecia ; Alopecia Areata ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Dermatology ; Humans ; Male ; MMPI ; Mothers ; Object Attachment ; Parents

No abstract available.
Aorta, Thoracic* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent*