The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors, coping styles , communication with mother, school adaptation and predictors for school adaptation. The subjects of this study consisted of 354 children. They were 6th grade of elementary school in Taegu city. The periods of study was from march 10, to march 18, 2000. Data were analyzed by SAS computer programme. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score for stressor was 39.91 in children(range 24-72). The higher stressor among three subgroups of stressor was mass media stressor. The degree of stressor revealed to be influenced significantly economic status. 2. The most frequently used coping style was problem-oriented coping style(M=18.94) in children. The degree of emotion-oriented coping style revealed to be influenced significantly family's atmosphere 3.The mean score for communication with mother was 72,44 in children(range 20- 100). The degree of communication with mother revealed to be influenced significantly sex, economic status, family' atmosphere. 4. The mean score for school adaptation was 62.48 in children(range 25-100). The higher school adaptation among five subgroup was rule dimension. The degree of school adaptation revealed to be influenced significantly sex, birth, mother's job, economic status, family's atmosphere. 5. School adaptation were positively correlated with communication with mother, problem- oriented coping style(r=0.40 p < 0.001) (r=0.30 p < 0.001). 6. School adaptation were negatively correlated with emotion-oriented coping style, stressor (r=-0.16 p < 0.01)(r=-0.13 p < 0.01). 7. Forward multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor was the variable communication with mother accounted for 15.25% in school adaptation. All variables accounted for 25.55% in school adaptation. From the above results, it can be concluded that teaching mother about importance of communication, encouraging to use problem- oriented coping style is necessary to improve school adaptation in 6th grade elementary school children.
Atmosphere ; Child* ; Daegu ; Humans ; Mass Media ; Mothers* ; Parturition ; Child Health

The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors and coping styles between headache- suffering children and headache-free children. The subjects of this study consisted of 112 headache-suffering children and 203 headache- free children. They were 5th and 6th grade of elementary school around Taegu city. The periods of study was from June 1, to July 20, 2000. Data were analyzed by SAS computer programme The results of this study were as follows: 1. The score of stressor of headache-suffering children was higher than that of headache- free children significantly. The scores of school stressor and mess media stressor of headache-suffering children were higher than those of headache-free children significantly. 2. There was no significant difference even though the mean score of the coping style in headache-suffering children was higher than that of headache-free children. There were also no significant differences in both problem-oriented coping style and emotion- oriented coping style. 3.Logistic regression analysis(stepwise) revealed that the most powerful predictor was the variable stressor in school(standardized estimate=0.316, P < .001), followed by stressor in mass media(standardized estimate=0.224, P < .05).
Child* ; Daegu ; Headache ; Humans ; Child Health

This study was designed to investigate the effect of preoperative collection of blaod and acute normovolemic hemodilution(ANH) on the requirement of homologous transfusion, perioperative blood loss and hematological parameters in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Ninety two adult patients for elective open heart surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group I, ANH group, had blood withdrawn to a hematocrit of 33%o after induction of anesthesia(n =54). In Group II preoperative collection of blood in accordance with hospital protocol and ANH were performed(n=16). Ciroup III was control group(n=22). Autologous blood was replaced post bypass. The patients whose hematocrit fell below 25% were transfused with homologous blood. The use of homologous transfusion was 2.2+/-0.4 units in group I, 0.1+/-0.1 units in group II and 4.1+/-0.8 units in group III. Requirement of homologous transfusion in group II was reduced compared with group II and III with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was statistical significance between group I and group III(P<0.05) in homologous transfusion. Postoperative blood loss was 760.7+/-74.6 ml in group I, 675.6+101.5 ml in group II and 819.3+/-91.3 rnl in group III. There was no statistical significance among 3 groups. There was no difference in hematocrit or platelet count, and total blood loss on immediately post surgery or on day 1. Our data show that preoperative collection of blood and ANH can reduce the amount of homologous transfusion.
Adult ; Heart* ; Hematocrit ; Hemodilution* ; Humans ; Platelet Count ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Thoracic Surgery*

OBJECTIVE: Due to an unprecedented rate of population aging, South Korea is facing a dementia epidemic. For this reason, the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD) was launched in 2009 with support from the Korean Health Industry Development Institute to investigate the epidemiology, biopsychosocial risk factors, and outcomes of dementia and dementia-related conditions. METHODS: The KLOSCAD is the first nationwide multi-center population-based prospective cohort study. In October 2010, 12,694 individuals were randomly sampled from residents aged 60 years or older who lived in 13 districts across South Korea. In the baseline assessment, which was conducted from November 2010 through October 2012, 6,818 (53.7%) individuals participated. Follow-up assessments have been conducted every two years, with the first follow-up assessment conducted between November 2012 and October 2014, and the second between November 2014 and October 2016. The third is now in progress, and will span from November 2016 to October 2018. Diagnosis of cognitive disorders, neuropsychological battery, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, activities of daily living, physical and neurologic examination and laboratory tests, life styles, quality of life, and identification of death were evaluated in each assessment. RESULTS: The cumulative drop-out rate at the second follow-up assessment was 38.7%. Dementia and mild cognitive impairment were 5.0% and 27.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The KLOSCAD may provide strong scientific evidence for advancing the fight against dementia both in Korea and globally.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aging ; Cognitive Aging* ; Cohort Studies ; Dementia* ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Korea ; Life Style ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Neurologic Examination ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between normal-but-low folate levels and cognitive function in the elderly population using a prospective cohort study. METHODS: We analyzed 3,910 participants whose serum folate levels were within the normal reference range (1.5–16.9 ng/mL) at baseline evaluation in the population-based prospective cohort study named the “Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia.” The association between baseline folate quartile categories and baseline cognitive disorders [mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia] was examined using binary logistic regression analysis adjusting for confounding variables. The risks of incident MCI and dementia associated with the decline of serum folate level during a 4-year follow-up period were examined using multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The lowest quartile group of serum folate (≥1.5, ≤5.9 ng/mL) showed a higher risk of cognitive disorders than did the highest quartile group at baseline evaluation (odds ratio 1.314, p=0.012). Over the 4 years of follow-up, the risk of incident dementia was 2.364 times higher among subjects whose serum folate levels declined from the 2nd–4th quartile group to the 1st quartile than among those for whom it did not (p=0.031). CONCLUSION: Normal-but-low serum folate levels were associated with the risk of cognitive disorders in the elderly population, and a decline to normal-but-low serum folate levels was associated with incident dementia. Maintaining serum folate concentration above 5.9 ng/mL may be beneficial for cognitive status.
Aged ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; Cognitive Aging ; Cohort Studies ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Dementia ; Folic Acid ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Longitudinal Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Reference Values

Objective: This study estimated the incidence of driving-related adverse events and examined the association of cognitive function with the risk of future driving-related adverse events in the elderly Korean male population. Methods: We analyzed 1,172 male drivers aged 60 years or older in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD). Using the data from Korean National Police Agency, we classified the participants into three groups: safe driving (drove for 2 years after baseline without a traffic accident or repeated violations), driving cessation (stopped driving), and risky driving (one or more traffic accidents or repeated violations). We estimated the incidences of driving cessation and risky driving, and examined the effect of cognitive function on their risks. Results: The incidence of driving cessation and risky driving in the Korean male drivers aged 60 years or older was 19.3 and 69.9 per 1,000 person-years respectively and increased in the late 80s. Drivers with better baseline Word List Memory Test scores showed less risky driving (OR=0.94, p=0.039). Conclusion Driving-related adverse events increased in late 80s, and better memory function was protective against these events.

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are representative risk factors for the onset of cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to confirm the relationship between diastolic blood pressure and cognitive function in elderly people in Korea. Methods: Data from subjects who were enrolled in the prospective Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia were used in this study. Data from 701 subjects whose diastolic blood pressure range did not change (≤79 mm Hg or ≥80 mm Hg) over 2 years were analyzed. To analyze the differences in cognitive function between the groups at the 2-year follow-up, an analysis of covariance was performed with covariates, which were significantly different between the two groups, and the baseline cognitive function. Results: Significant differences were observed between the two groups, and the mean scores on the constructional praxis (η2=0.010) and word list recall tests (η2=0.018) in the diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg group were higher than those in the diastolic blood pressure ≤79 mm Hg group at the 2-year follow-up. Conclusion These results indicate that maintaining a DBP below 79 mm Hg presents a greater risk of cognitive decline in Korean elderly people.