The author examined the immunophenotype and expression of Epstem-Barr virus RNA (EBERs) used in the situ hybridization technique in 20 cases of conventional malignant lymphoma and 28 cases of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis occured in the upper aerodigestive tract including the upper digestive tract(palatine tonsil), and upper respiratory tract(nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, nasopharynx). The results obtained were summarized as followings; 1. The favorable site of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was in the palatine tonsil(11 out of 20 cases, 55%), those of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis were nasal cavity and nasopharynx(19 out of 28 cases, 78%). 2. The immunophentype of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was mostly B-cell phenotype (15 out of 20 cases, 75%), and that of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis was predominantly T-cell phenotype(22 out of 28 cases, 79%). 3. The EBERs positivity of malignant lymphoma that occured in the upper aerodigestive tract was 25%(5 out of 20 cases), but that of polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis was 57%(16 out of 28 cases). 4. The positive cases for EBERs revealed angiocentricity with necrosis(16 out of 21 cases, 76%), predominantly T-cell phenotype(19 out of 21 cases, 90%), and favorably involved the nasal cavity and nasopharynx(16 out of 21 cases, 76%). Based on the above results, it was concluded that polymorphic reticulosis and malignant lymphoma with features of polymorphic reticulosis that occurred in the upper respiratory tract was an EBV-positive angiocentric T-cell lymphoma favorably involving the nasal cavity and nasopharynx.

BACKGROUND: Allergen-specific immunotherapy ( IT ) can be an important adjunctive therapy in the treatment of allergic disorders. Although a number of studies have shown that cytokine production by T cells may be modified by IT, IT-induced chsnges at the single cell level in allergen -specific Th ( T helper ) and Tc ( cytotoxic T ) responses have not been reported. Objective : The objectives of the present study were ( 1 ) to demonstrate differences in the house dust mite(HDM)-induced cytokine production patterns of Th and Tc cells between untreated and treated HDM allergic patients and ( 2 ) to determine whether there are differences between child and adult patients in Th and Tc cell responses to HDM. METHOD: This study included twenty Dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-sensitive asthmatics ( ten children and ten adults ), of which five children and five adults received immunotherapy to Df over a 1.5- to 3-year period. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) were isolated from peripheral blood of each patient and cultured in the presence of IL-2 ( 10ng/ml ) and Df extract (100ug/ml) for 6 days. After harvesting cultured cells, Th and Tc cell frequencies were determined by a multiparameter cytokine flow cytometric assay that allows simultaneous determination of intracellular IFN-r and IL-4 in CD4+ or CD8+ cells. RESULTS: Predominant Th2 responses to Df were observed in all untreated child patients, three untreated adult patients, and two treated adult patients. On the other hand, predominant Thl responses to Df were observed in all treated child patients, two of untreated adult patients, and three of treated adult patients. Predominant Tcl responses to Df were observed in all groups of patients. However, Tcl responses were more prominent in adults than in children and in treated adult patients than in untreated adult patients. In children, there were no differences in predominant Tcl responses except in one treated child, in whom more prominent Tcl response was observed.
Adult ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Dust ; Hand ; Humans ; Immunotherapy* ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; T-Lymphocytes

Otosclerosis occurs when the normal ivory-like endochondral bone of the otic capsule is replaced by foci of spongy vascular irregular new bone. Eventually these foci of haversian bone become more solid. There anr two typesof otosclerosis : fenestral and retrofenestral or cochlear. The cochlear type is much less common and rarely occurs without fenestral involvement. Otosclerosis occurs very rarely in blacks and orientals ; in otolaryngologic articles in Korea there are few reports of otosclerosis, and then only the fenestral type. This is a case reportof cochlear otosclerosis that can be diagnosed on temporal bone CT.
African Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Korea ; Otosclerosis* ; Temporal Bone

"It was reported that polymorphism of TNF alpha gene was present in promoter region and involves the substitution of guanine by adenosine in the uncommon (TNFA 2) allele. In this study, we investigated the significance of TNFA gene polymorphism in relation to various clinical characteristics and autoantibody profiles in SLE as well as comparing it with that of other countries, and also studied its association with peripheral TNF-a production in vitro. TNFA genotyping was performed in 126 SLE patients and 300 controls using DNA extracted from peripheral leucocytes. The biallelic polymorphism at position -308 of the TNFA promotor was determined by Ncol- RFLP. Peripheral mononuclear cell production of TNF-a was investigated by bioassay using L-929 cell cytotoxicity. The TNFA ""1 homozygote was a predominant allele (77.0%) in SLE, which was not different from the controls. TNFA ""2 homozygate was extremely rare in both patients and controls (0.8%, 1.3% respectively). The clinical manifestations between TNFA '1 and TNFA""2 did not differ. The production of autoantibodies including dsDNA, anti-La, anti-nRNP and anti-Sm was not different between two alleles, whereas anti- Ro antibody was more frequent in TNFA""1/TNFA '1 than in TNFA'1/TNFA'2 (62.1% vs 38.4%, P=0.022). The polymorphism of TNFA gene did not influence the lipopolysaccharide stimulated peripheral mononuclear cell production of TNF-a (1356+/-293 vs 1119+/-385 pg/ml; TNFA'1/TNFA'1, TNFA'1/TNFA'2 respectively). These results suggested that promoter polymorphism of TNFA was not directly involved in the susceptibility of SLE and was not responsible for differential peripheral TNF-a production, but TNFA ' may be associated with anti-Ro antibody production."
Adenosine ; Alleles ; Autoantibodies ; Biological Assay ; DNA ; Guanine ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

Four children, with histopathologically confirmed posterior fossa primitive neuroectoderrnal tumors, were examined by plain radiography, computed tomography (CT) and cerebral angiography. The homogeneously well enhanced solid mass in the midline of the posterior fossa and hydrocephalus of various degree were seen on all CT scans. One case had calcifications and another case had low density areas in the tumor mass. Three cerebral angiograms showed vascular displacement without tumor vascularities. Unfortunately, these CT and angiography findings are and other tumors. when a well enhanced solid mass in the midline posterior fossa is seen on CT scan in children.
Angiography ; Cerebral Angiography ; Child ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Medulloblastoma* ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive* ; Pathology* ; Radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of associated medical diseases and complications on functional improvement after in-patient through stroke rehabilitation. METHOD: We performed a retrospective analysis on medical records of 183 stroke patients who had admitted to the department of rehabilitation medicine. Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) at admission and discharge were used to assess the functional status. We investigated medical diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarct, atrial fibrillation osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, previous history of stroke and complications such as dementia, post-stroke depression, central post-stroke pain, complex regional pain syndrome, neglect and aphasia. RESULTS: Post-stroke patients with myocardial infarct, atrial fibrillation, osteoarthritis, dementia, aphasia and neglect significantly showed lower gain of FIM and MBI, lower FIM and MBI efficacy during inpatient rehabilitation compared to without those (p<0.05). However, hypertension, diabetes, previous history of stroke, post-stroke depression, rheumatoid arthritis, central post-stroke pain and complex regional pain syndrome did not significantly influence on gain and efficacy of FIM and MBI (p>0.05). Total numbers of associated medical diseases and complications negatively affect on FIM and MBI efficacy (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Therefore, it may be important to early detect and manage associated medical diseases and complications in post-stroke patients during rehabilitation, which improve the overall functional recovery of the patients.

Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare disease which arises from the mesothelial lining cells in the peritoneum and spreads to the peritoneal wall, omentum and other abdomina1 organs. Aabestos is one etiologic factor and the other factors are genetic cause, radiation, exposure to toxic materials and recurrent yeritonitis. We experienced a case of multiple small nodular peritoneal mesothelioma after exposure to asbestos for over 20 years. He was a sailor and had worked in the engine department of the ship, in which he wrapped up the pipe of engine in asbestos. This person came to our hospital because of inconvenience due to a distended abdomen. Tumor markers were all within normal limits and there was no evidence of tuberculosis in the abdomen and chest. The CT findings of the abdomen were as follows: There was abundant ascites in the abdominal cavity and multiple small nodules on the parietal peritoneum and especially on the lower abdomen. The omentum thickened diffusely. It was difficult to distinguish from peritoneal mesothelioma and peritoneal carcinomatosis or intestinal tuberculosis. The laparoscopic findings were as follows: There were multiple small nodules on the parietal peritoneum and omentum. The small nodules were a gray white color and uneven compared to tuberculous peritonitis. Therefore, we observed the malignant mesothelial cells by means of the light microscope and electron microscope and concluded that this case was peritoneal mesothelioma.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Cavity ; Asbestos ; Ascites ; Carcinoma ; Humans ; Mesothelioma* ; Military Personnel ; Omentum ; Peritoneum ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous ; Rare Diseases ; Ships ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor

Background: In our study, a silver diamine fluoride (SDF) compound for the treatment of dental caries was synthesized to characterize its remineralization activity upon direct application to deciduous teeth. This study aimed to use microscopic computed tomography (microCT) and nanoindentation to evaluate whether SDF composite application could effectively arrest dental caries in five exfoliated primary molars. Methods: Carious teeth were extracted and visually examined using quantitative photofluorescence devices (Qraycam and QraypenTM). After performing microCT, the SDF composite was applied to the teeth according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The researchers exchanged and precipitated the irritant saliva once daily for 1 week. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally through the centers of the mesial and distal surfaces, embedded, polished, and measured using nanoindentation. Thereafter, microCT was repeated. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software. Results: Following SDF composite application, a remineralized layer was observed on microCT images, and the hardness increased when measured using nanoindentation. We found that demineralized enamel presented with an increased number of irregular crystals in the deep carious lesion group compared with those in the shallow carious lesion group, resulting in a rougher surface. Conclusion The SDF composite may be used for remineralization of early caries and cessation of advanced caries in primary molars.

Lung cancer is the most common fatal malignant lesion in both sexes. Detection of the solitary pulmonary nodule is important because surgical series up to a third of solitary pulmonary nodules are bronchogenic carcinoma. Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma is a rare primary lung cancer and surgery is treatment of choice in brochioloalveolar cell carcinoma. We experienced a case of broschioloalveolar cell carcinoma in solitary pulmonary nodule with cavitary lesion in chest CT scan, which is an uncommon finding in brochioloalveolar cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic ; Lung Neoplasms ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The Kaposi's sarcoma, which was found in an immunosuppressed patient of renal transplantation, may have been developed by long term use of immunosuppressant agent after the renal transplantation. The case was a 29-year-old woman who was diagnosed as chronic renal failure in 1988, and since then, she had been on CAPD until May, 1997. After the renal transplantation in May 1997, the patient has been prescribed cyclosporin and prednisone as immunosuppressant agent. In June 1997, she showed clinical symptom of Kaposi's sarcoma with multiple papules and nodules in the skin and viscera, such as ureter, urinary bladder, stomach, duodenum and subcutaneous tissue of the chest. Multiple excisional biopsies were carried out in the skin, ureter, urinary bladder, stomach and duodenum. All of excisional biopses indicated nodular stages with extensive proliferation of spindle shaped, somewhat pleomorphic cells which have slit-like vascular spaces, proliferation of small vessels, and extravasation of erythrocytes. These lesions nearly diminished after sytemic chemotherpy, excision and discontinuity of immunosuppressive agents.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Cyclosporine ; Duodenum ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Prednisone ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Skin ; Stomach ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Thorax ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Viscera