No abstract available.
Myocutaneous Flap* ; Pressure Ulcer*

Partial unilateral lentiginosis(PUL) is a rare pigmentary disorder charaeterized by lentigines limited to one side of the body with or without neurologic abnormalities. We report two cases of PUL unassociated with any other defect, One patient was 20-year-old female who had lentigines confined to the right side of the face and the other was 19-year-old male who had lentigines confined to the left side of the neck and upper trunk and left upper extremity. Histologic examination of the pigmented lesion revealed findings consistent with lentigo simplex.
Female ; Humans ; Lentigo* ; Male ; Neck ; Upper Extremity ; Young Adult

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Achilles Tendon*

No abstract available.
Achilles Tendon*

The purpose of study is to prevent Nosocomial Respiratory Infection after understand the Correlation about Recognition and Performance of Critical Nurses. Data were collected from Critical Nurses 300 persons who has worked in 14 Subsidary Hospitals of University in Seoul and the collection periode is from Nov. 1st, 1997 to Jul. 14th, 1998. There are 40 questions and constructed by 6 Domains which Hand Washing, Suction Management, Airway Management, Respiratory Instrument, Ventilation and Respiratory Intervention. Also, the Data were analized with SPSS program. The obtained results are as follows ; (1) The Mean of Recognition for Prevention of Nosocomial Respiratory Infection is 4.649 and by Domains, Respiratory Intervention(4.758), Suction Management (4.669), Airway Management(4.660), Hand Washing(4.651), Ventilation(4.605) and Respiratory Instrument(4.561) according to the Mean. (2) The Mean of Performance for Prevention of Nosocomial Respiratory Infection is 3.991 and by Domains, Respiratory Intervention(4.498), Airway Management (4.107), Hand Washing(4.084), Suction Management(3.898), Respiratory Instrument (3.860) and Ventilation(3.690) according to the Mean. (3) In the Correlation of Recognition and Performance for the Prevention of Nosocomial Respiratory Infection, Hand Washing(r=0.755, p=0.000), Airway Management(r=0.724, p=0.000), Respiratory Intervention(r=0.693, p=0.000) are mentioned significant correlation level. The Performance is good whenever the Recognition is high for Respiratory Instrument(r=0.143, p=0.054) but it's not significant level and Suction Management and Ventilation has no Correlation. (4) In Normal Properties, The Recognition is good(p<0.05) when Nurses has plenty Clinical Career, Attendance of the Education and Exclusive Nurse for the Respiratory Infection is in Hospital. The Age is not significant correlation level statistically but represent a little correlation. The Performance is good(p<0.05) when Elder Age, Attendance of the Education and the plenty Clinical Career is not significant correlation level statistically but represent a little correlation. Another properties has no menas. According to the results, Suggestion is as follows ; (1) Required Education to advance Recognition and Performance about Prevention of Nosocomial Respiratory Infection for a little clinical career of Nursing and younger Nurses. (2) It needs to analyze Performance about Prevention of Nosocomial Respiratory Infection by observation of research worker.
Airway Management ; Critical Care* ; Education ; Hand ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Nursing ; Seoul ; Suction ; Ventilation

Normal aging causes changes in the brain volume, connection, function and cognition. The brain changes with increases in age and difference of gender varies at all levels. Studies about normal brain aging using various brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables such as gray and white matter structural imaging, proton spectroscopy, apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI are reviewed. Total volume of brain increases after birth but decreases after 9 years old. During adulthood, total volume of brain is relatively stable. After 35 years old, brain shrinks gradually. The changes of gray and white matters by aging show different features. N-acetylaspartate decreases or remains unchanged but choline, creatine and myo-inositol increase with aging. Apparent diffusion coefficient decreases till 20 years old and then becomes stable during adulthood and increase after 60 years old. Diffusion tensor properties in white matter tissue are variable during aging. Resting-state functional connectivity decreases after middle age. Structural and functional brain changes with normal aging are important for studying various psychiatric diseases such as dementia, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Our review may be helpful for studying longitudinal changes of these diseases and successful aging.
Adult ; Aging* ; Bipolar Disorder ; Brain* ; Child ; Choline ; Cognition ; Creatine ; Dementia ; Diffusion ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Middle Aged ; Parturition ; Protons ; Schizophrenia ; Spectrum Analysis ; Young Adult

Apoptosis is a distinct mechanism of cell death involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Various stimuli, including phagocytosis of bacteria, can induce apoptosis. As the cells proceed through apoptosis, functional activities decline in accord with phenotypic changes. However, decline in functional activities does not mean instantaneous shut-down of all functions, which is rather the characteristic of necrosis. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst are two of the major tasks of mloid cells for engulfment and killing of microbes. It was reported that the myeloid cells which phagocytosed bacteria underwent apoptosis, rendering resolution of acute inflammation. On the contrary, it was known that phagocytosis of latex beads did induce apoptosis. However, we found phagocytosis of latex beads within the apoptotic cell fraction. Thus we investigated whether phagocytosis of latex beads induced apoptosis or apoptotic cells phagocytosed the beads. We used human promyelocytic cell line HL-60 cultured for 4 days in RPMI1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1 uM all-trans retinoic acid for phagocytic assay. Phagocytic activity was analyzed by flow cytometry after shaking incubation of HL- 60 cells (5 x 10 cells/ml) with fluorochrome-cougated latex beads for 1 hour at 37C followed by elimination of the un-phagocytosed beads by centrifugation on the density of fetal bovine serum. Apoptotic cells were identified as subdiploid fraction by staining the cells with DNA-dye. To investigate whether phagocytosis of latex beads leads to apoptosis or apoptotic cells phagocytose the beads, the cells wbich had phagocytosed the beads were sequentially analyzed before and after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of incubation. On the other hand, the apoptotic cell fraction was sorted to be analyzed for phagocytic activity. The sorted cells were also analyzed by chemiluminescence assay for capability of oxidative burst by stimulation with PMA (5 mM). The results showed little increase in the apoptotic fraction among phagocytic cells during incubation up to 24 hours. Rather the sorted apoptotic cells did phagocytose latex beads. But the sorted cells did not show any capability of oxidative burst. Taken these results into consideration, the apoptotic cells seemed to be on the way of dying process in which oxidative burst was lost while phagocytic activity remained. Thus it was suggested that the primitive function of phagocytosis remained longer in the cells proceeding through apoptosis, while oxidative bunt, requiring mitochondrial function, was lost earlier.
Apoptosis ; Bacteria ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Centrifugation ; Flow Cytometry ; Hand ; Homicide ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Luminescence ; Microspheres ; Myeloid Cells ; Necrosis ; Pathologic Processes ; Phagocytes ; Phagocytosis ; Respiratory Burst ; Tretinoin