PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical significance of the screening mammography in the detection of the breast diseases, especially breast carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 1,800 cases of mammography retrospectively. The mammography was done as a part of routine check in Health Counselling Center, Korea University Medical Center, during 9 months from November 1993 to July 1994. The age range was from 23 years to 76 years, mean 49.8 years, and the largest age group was 6th decade(31.4%). According to the mammographic findings, we divided the subjects into three groups; normal group, abnormal group in need of follow up study, abnormal group requiring biopsy. RESULT: On mammography, the normal group consisted of 1,534 cases(85%), and the abnormal group consisted of 266 cases(15%). The abnormal findings were benign-looking calcification(n=140), fibroadeno ma (n=29), fibrocystic changes (n=27), cyst(n=23), malignant lesion(n=15), lipoma(n=7), and others. In four of 15 cases, which were suspected to be malignant on mammograms, breast carcinoma was confirmed pathologically. In four cases of breast carcinoma, one was under 40 and the other 3 were over 50 years of age. All of the breast cancers were under 3cm in size, and the mammographic findings of breast cancer included spiculated margin(n=3), parenchymal disortion(n=3), malignant calcification(n=2) and enlarged axillary node (n=l). CONCLUSION: Screening mammogram is helpful for early detection of non-palpable breast cancer, especially for women over 50 years of age.
Academic Medical Centers ; Biopsy ; Breast Diseases* ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Mammography* ; Mass Screening* ; Retrospective Studies

Arytenoid cartilage dislocation is a very rare complication of endotracheal intubation. This change can occur as a result of compressing the cryco-arytenoid joint by inflated cuff of endotracheal tube. A 21-year old male, ASA physical status I with chronic otitis media underwent tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental-succynylcholine and was maintained with nitrous oxide-oxygen-enflurane. On the first postoperative day, the patient complained of hoarseness, and on the second postoperative day, the right arytenoid was found dislocated under indirect laryngoscopy. Five days postoperatively, endoscopic reduction was performed under direct laryngoscopy, thereafter his symptom gradually disappeared.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arytenoid Cartilage ; Dislocations ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Joints ; Laryngoscopy ; Male ; Otitis Media ; Tympanoplasty ; Young Adult

Seminoma is one of the most radiosensitive solid tumors. However, the survival of patients with clinically advanced stages B3 and C disease is poor. Most of the failures of treatment in advanced stage seminoma, however, come from systemic diseases outside radiation fields or are secondary to unrecognized non-seminomatous elements. Therefore adjuvant systemic chemotherapy is essential for proper treatment of three patients. Recently we experienced a case of advanced stage seminoma treated with radical inguinal orchiectomy followed by systemic chemotherapy with good result.
Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Orchiectomy ; Seminoma*

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the results of conservative treatment for simple bone cyst. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 126 cases of simple bone cyst, which were treated by observation or steroid injection from February 1990 to May 2010. Their mean age at diagnosis was 14 years (+/-9 years, 2-60 years) and the mean follow-up duration for this study were 41 months (+/-37 months, 12-159 months). Observation and steroid injection was applied for conservative management of simple bone cyst and results was scored by modified Neer classification. RESULTS: 31 cases (24.6%) were treated by observation and 95 cases (75.4%) were treated by steroid injection. The 95 patients were treated by a mean of 1.1 (+/-0.9, 0-4) steroid injections and a single steroid injection was given in 65 cases (51.6%). The 102 cases (80.9%) were resulted in modified Neer classification I and II which could be considered as healing of simple bone cyst. CONCLUSION: Conservative management can be considered as an initial treatment for simple bone cyst with good result.
Bone Cysts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

No abstract available.
Aorta, Thoracic* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent*

The management of the patient with recurrent local of disseminated bladder cancer presents a difficult problem. In the majority of these patients an operation or radiation therapy is of no value. Because none of the single agent chemotherapy seems to be capable of achieving an objective response rate greater than 50 percent and because complete responses are rare, combination chemotherapy trials have been developed. In l977 Sternberg et al reports 83 percent response rate (CR: 8%, PR: 75%) with CISCA combination chemotherapy (cis-platinum, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin) in advanced urinary tract carcinoma. Other similar studies have shown various results ranging from 43 to 82 percent response rate in advanced bladder cancer. Herein, we report 3 cases of CISCA combination chemotherapy in far advanced bladder cancer, which had measurable metastatic lesions enough to evaluate the objective response of chemotherapy.
Cyclophosphamide ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Tract

and Relevance: We found that the duration and behavior of musth in captive male elephants were affected by the introduction of other growing male elephants.

and Relevance: We found that the duration and behavior of musth in captive male elephants were affected by the introduction of other growing male elephants.

and Relevance: We found that the duration and behavior of musth in captive male elephants were affected by the introduction of other growing male elephants.

and Relevance: We found that the duration and behavior of musth in captive male elephants were affected by the introduction of other growing male elephants.