Herein we analyze retrospectively 21 patients with stage D prostatic adenocarcinoma admitted to our hospital during the period from January 1980 through December 1985. Of the 40 patients who had prostatic adenocarcinoma, 21 (50%) patients were classified as stage D. The presenting symptoms were prostatism (10), urinary retention (6), gross hematuria (2), lumbago (2) and pathologic bone fracture (1). Of the 21 patients, 15 (71%,) patients had elevated enzymatic acid phosphatase levels and 7 patients had distant metastases. Stage D prostatic carcinoma was subclassified as stage D
Acid Phosphatase ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Fractures, Bone ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Orchiectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Prostatism ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Retention

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical significance of the screening mammography in the detection of the breast diseases, especially breast carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 1,800 cases of mammography retrospectively. The mammography was done as a part of routine check in Health Counselling Center, Korea University Medical Center, during 9 months from November 1993 to July 1994. The age range was from 23 years to 76 years, mean 49.8 years, and the largest age group was 6th decade(31.4%). According to the mammographic findings, we divided the subjects into three groups; normal group, abnormal group in need of follow up study, abnormal group requiring biopsy. RESULT: On mammography, the normal group consisted of 1,534 cases(85%), and the abnormal group consisted of 266 cases(15%). The abnormal findings were benign-looking calcification(n=140), fibroadeno ma (n=29), fibrocystic changes (n=27), cyst(n=23), malignant lesion(n=15), lipoma(n=7), and others. In four of 15 cases, which were suspected to be malignant on mammograms, breast carcinoma was confirmed pathologically. In four cases of breast carcinoma, one was under 40 and the other 3 were over 50 years of age. All of the breast cancers were under 3cm in size, and the mammographic findings of breast cancer included spiculated margin(n=3), parenchymal disortion(n=3), malignant calcification(n=2) and enlarged axillary node (n=l). CONCLUSION: Screening mammogram is helpful for early detection of non-palpable breast cancer, especially for women over 50 years of age.
Academic Medical Centers ; Biopsy ; Breast Diseases* ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Mammography* ; Mass Screening* ; Retrospective Studies

Endoscopic internal urethrotomy was done on 25 patients with urethral strictures. Of these patients 24 have been followed for 3 to 22 months. Satisfactory results were obtained in 56 per cent of the patients. The overall morbidity rate was 18 per cent, but potency was not endangered. Patients with long and multiple strictures caused by trauma had unstatisfactory results, while the duration of catheterization did not affect the results. Most recurrent strictures manifested themselves within 3 months. Despite these less successful results endoscopic internal urethrotomy, which is usually performed at hand, should be tried as a primary procedure except for complete ruptures or destruction of segments of the urethra, in which cases open reconstructive perineal urethroplasty is our procedure of choice.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Hand ; Humans ; Rupture ; Urethra ; Urethral Stricture*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Pancreas* ; Ultrasonography*

Seminoma is one of the most radiosensitive solid tumors. However, the survival of patients with clinically advanced stages B3 and C disease is poor. Most of the failures of treatment in advanced stage seminoma, however, come from systemic diseases outside radiation fields or are secondary to unrecognized non-seminomatous elements. Therefore adjuvant systemic chemotherapy is essential for proper treatment of three patients. Recently we experienced a case of advanced stage seminoma treated with radical inguinal orchiectomy followed by systemic chemotherapy with good result.
Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Orchiectomy ; Seminoma*

The management of the patient with recurrent local of disseminated bladder cancer presents a difficult problem. In the majority of these patients an operation or radiation therapy is of no value. Because none of the single agent chemotherapy seems to be capable of achieving an objective response rate greater than 50 percent and because complete responses are rare, combination chemotherapy trials have been developed. In l977 Sternberg et al reports 83 percent response rate (CR: 8%, PR: 75%) with CISCA combination chemotherapy (cis-platinum, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin) in advanced urinary tract carcinoma. Other similar studies have shown various results ranging from 43 to 82 percent response rate in advanced bladder cancer. Herein, we report 3 cases of CISCA combination chemotherapy in far advanced bladder cancer, which had measurable metastatic lesions enough to evaluate the objective response of chemotherapy.
Cyclophosphamide ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Tract

Tice-Chicago strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin was used to treat superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in 11 patients. The treatment regimen of 120mg. Tice-Chicago strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin weekly for 6 weeks and then monthly for 3 months was well tolerated. Side effects during or shortly after treatment were minor and self-limiting in the majority of patients (fever, bladder irritability and hematuria). Although the findings are still preliminary, they appear to hold promise of a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of a group of carcinoma of the bladder for which effective therapy is still lacking in this country.
Bacillus ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Humans ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Urinary Bladder*

The XX-male or sex reversal syndrome is a rare entity, which a is phenotypic man with a 46, XX female karyotype. Since it was first reported by la Chapelle and associates in 1964, more than 150 XX males have been reported. Recently we experienced a 18-year-old XX-male with gynecomastia and hypospadias. Clinical, endocrinological and genetically studies were presented and theories regarding the etiology of the XX-male syndrome were discussed with review of literatures.
46, XX Testicular Disorders of Sex Development ; Adolescent ; Female ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; Karyotype ; Male

No abstract available.
Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*

BACKGROUND: There has been much interest in the involvement of wind-up in the hyperalgesia and allodynia of chronic pain syndrome. To investigate the behavioral parallels of this wind-up phenomenon, we evaluated the effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine and MK801 on the formalin test in the rats. METHOD: All experimental animals were divided randomly into six groups. In group 1(n=7), normal saline 50 l was administered through the intrathecal catheter(PE10, 8 cm in length). In group 2(n=7), morphine 10 g was administered through the catheter. In group 3(n=7), group 4(n=7), group 5(n=7) and group 6(n=7), clonidine 10 g, clonidine 20 g, MK801 1 g, MK801 10 g was administered in same manner, respectively. Thirty min after recoverying from anesthesia, 50 l 5% formalin was injected in the hind paw. To quantify the formalin response, we counted the number of spontaneous flinching for 60 min. RESULT: Intrathecal morphine(group 2) decreased the number of paw flinches in both phases 1 and 2 readily compared to control(p<0.05). In the clonidine(group 3 and 4), both groups decreased the number of flinching in both phases 1 and 2, but there was no significant difference between two groups. In group 5, intrathecal MK-801 decreased the number of paw flinches in phase 2. In group 6, intrathecal MK-801 decreased the number of paw flinches in both phases 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that wind-up is readily blocked by pretreatment of morphine, clonidine and MK801.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Catheters ; Chronic Pain ; Clonidine* ; Dizocilpine Maleate* ; Formaldehyde* ; Hyperalgesia ; Morphine* ; Pain Measurement* ; Rats*