Human rotavirus has now been established as the leading cause of gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. At least fourteen serotypes of group A rotavirus have been identified on the basis of antibody responses to major neutralizing glycoprotein, VP7 (G type for glycoprotein), present in the outer capsid of the virus. Serotype 1, 2, 3 and 4 are the most highly prevalent in human. In Korea, rotavirus is also the principal cause of severe nonbacterial diarrhea requiring hospitalization in infants and young children, which is commonly detected by EIA method. The epidemiology of rotavirus infection has been monitored by only serologic methods without electropherotyping in Korea. This study shows seasonal and age related variations .of rotavirus infection in Korea according to the genotype using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fecal specimens were obtained from 39 children hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea and gastroenteritis in Ewha Womans University MokDong Hospital in Seoul from Jan. to Dec. of 1996. All four (1, 2, 3, 4) major G serotypes were identified by amplification of segment of the gene for VP7 using RT-PCR. Rotavirus Gl 749 bp, G2 653 bp, G3 374 bp and G4 583bp were shown on 2.9 or 3.3% NuSieve agar gel. Results were as follows: 1) Rotavirus was detected at 53.8% (21/39) by EIA and 89.7% (35/39) by RT-PCR. 2) Serotype Gl, G2, G3, G4 when detected by RT-PCR accounted for 80.0% (28/35), 14.3% (5/35), 2.9% (1/35) and 2.9% (1/35), respectively. 3) Thirty five strains of rotavirus were detected at the frequency of 17.1% (6/35) in Oct., 20.0% (7/35) in Nov. and 20.0% (7/35) in Dec. 4) As for the age range, children affected by rotavirus were mostly under 1 years.
Agar ; Antibody Formation ; Capsid ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Diarrhea* ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; Genotype* ; Glycoproteins ; Hospitalization ; Humans* ; Infant ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Reverse Transcription* ; Rotavirus Infections ; Rotavirus* ; Seasons ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Animals ; Autoimmunity* ; Mice*

Astrovirus is frequently associated with diarrhea in children. It can not be readily isolated by cell culture, and an electronmicroscope is usually used for detection of this agent. Recently in 1995 a combined method of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was designed for easier detection of astrovirus, which is based on the conserved sequence in 3'-end of genomes of the 7 known serotypes of human astrovirus. As of yet there has not been any report of astrovirus data in Korea using the RT-PCR methods. The purpose of this study was to detect astrovirus incidence, severity of symptoms, seasonal variation and coinfection rate with rotavirus in Korean children inpatients with diarrhea. Fecal specimens from 61 young children hospitalized with gasteroenteritis Korea from Jan. 1996 through Mar. 1997. They were examined for astroviurs infection by RT-PCR method. Results are as follows: 1. Astrovirus was detected at 9.8% (6/61) from fecal specimens of children with severe diarrhea by EIA using monoclonal antibody coated plates. 2. Astorvirus was detected at 29.5% (18/61) from fecal specimens of children with severe diarrhea by RT-PCR. 3. The age of the 18 children affected by astrovirus ranged from 2 monthes to 7 years with mean of 3.0 years. 4. Mean hospital stay of the 1S children was 6.1 days. 5. Five (27.8%) astrovirus RT-PCR positive strains were confirmed in November and in December, respectively out of 18 specimens in total. 6. Astrovirus coinfection with rotavirus type G1 was confirmed in 15/16 specimens (93.8%), and with type G2 was in 1/16 specimens (6.3%).
Cell Culture Techniques ; Child* ; Coinfection ; Conserved Sequence ; Diarrhea ; Feces* ; Genome ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Mamastrovirus ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Reverse Transcription* ; Rotavirus ; Seasons

No abstract available.
Autoantibodies* ; Humans*

Since the first description of the trisomy 9p in 1970, over one hundred cases have been described with the advanced chromosomal banding technique. Clinical findings include growth and mental retardation and facial dysmorphism. Crucial determinants of the classical features of this syndrome lie within the distal half of the chromosome 9 short arm. But this syndrome has not been reported in Korea, we are reporting a boy diagnosed by clinical features and chromosomal study that is trisomic for a partial short arm of a chromosome 9. A brief review of the literature is included.
Arm ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea ; Male ; Trisomy

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is known to have a low incidence among the pediatric population, but it can result in serious complications, such as gastric outlet obstruction. In previously published EGE cases with the obstruction in adults, surgeries were often performed. In this report, we present a 14-year-old girl who came to our facility with severe abdominal pain and vomiting. On the initial abdominal physical examination, diffuse tenderness and severe epigastric pain were noted. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed the findings of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome. However, she had no history of recent weight loss, and the medical history was inconsistent with SMA syndrome. We planned upper gastrointestinal series with barium, and then verified gastric outlet obstruction. We performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy and obtained a final diagnosis of EGE through mucosal biopsy specimen. Corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory medications were administered. Dietary modification and education were done as well. The symptoms resolved, and the follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ultrasonography showed improvements in the obstruction. Our case emphasizes that gastric outlet obstruction due to EGE must be carefully differentiated from SMA syndrome because of their similarities in clinical features and radiologic images. In doing so, we can avoid surgical intervention and perform medical/dietary treatment for gastric outlet obstruction.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting a hypothetical model of testing for general hospital nurses’ job embeddedness. Methods: Data were collected from August 20 to September 19, 2021, by a self-administered questionnaire answered by 428 general hospital nurses. The data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS. Results: Nine of the hypothetical model’s 12 hypotheses were supported by the data collected from all participants. The test results indicate that ego resilience, subjective career success, and recovery experience from job stress directly affect participants’ job embeddedness. Nurses’ work environments were reported to affect ego resilience and subjective career success, while at the same time ego resilience and subjective career success affected the participants’ job embeddedness. Work-life balance was found to affect ego resilience and ego resilience affected subjective career success, and at the same time subjective career success directly affected participants’ recovery experiences from job stress and job embeddedness. Of these variables, subjective career success had the strongest direct effect on participants’ job embeddedness. Work-life balance affected the participants’ recovery experiences from job stress, and their recovery experiences from job stress were found to directly affect job embeddedness. Conclusion These results suggest that different management strategies to enhance hospital nurses’ job embeddedness should address nurses’ ego resilience, subjective career success, and recovery experiences from job stress.

BACKGROUND: Most studies on the incidence rate (IR) and post-exposure reporting rate (RR) of needle-stick injuries (NSIs) were performed using retrospective surveillance, which is vulnerable to recall bias. This study aimed to identify the agreement between IRs and RRs obtained from prospective and retrospective surveillance. METHODS: The prospective surveillance was performed with 716 nurses working at 3 hospitals from August to September in 2012. They prospectively reported when they experienced the NSIs, and the investigator retrospectively calculated the RR from records in the infection control unit or health care unit during the same periods when they reported the number of NSIs. The retrospective surveillance was carried out with 312 nurses who participated in the prospective surveillance. They retrospectively answered the question on the number of NSIs and post-exposure reporting after recalling the experienced NSI from August to September in 2012. RESULTS: The IR of NSIs was 9.8 per 100 nurses by the prospective surveillance and 36.4 per 100 nurses by the retrospective surveillance, which was statistically significantly different (P<0.001). The RR of NSIs was 14.3% by the prospective surveillance and 8.5% by the retrospective surveillance, which was not statistically significantly different. CONCLUSION: We recommend using a prospective approach for calculating the IR of NSIs to reduce the risk of recall bias. However, the RR of NSIs can be calculated using both prospective and retrospective approaches.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Infection Control ; Memory ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Prospective Studies* ; Research Personnel ; Retrospective Studies*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes and prognosis of traumatic facial paralysis in patients treated with facial nerve decompression via transmastoid approach. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The authors retrospectively reviewed 20 patients who suffered from temporal bone fractures resulting in facial paralysis and received surgical facial nerve decompression treatment via transmastoid approach from 2004 to 2012. RESULTS: In 14 patients, the House-Brackmann grade improved to 1, 2, or 3. The preoperative average House-Brackmann grade of 4.95 improved from 4.95 to the postoperative average House-Brackmann grade of 3.15. Statistically significant improvements were found in all groups whether the operation was performed within two weeks, or from two weeks to four weeks, or after four weeks. CONCLUSION: Postoperative results of facial nerve decompression in traumatic temporal bone fracture can be excellent. Surgeons can expect better outcomes with early diagnosis and lesser nerve damage.
Decompression ; Early Diagnosis ; Facial Nerve ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Bone