No abstract available.

Although we managed a patient with traumatic endophthalmitis with potent antibiotics for 7 days topically and systemically, her clinical symtoms and signs did not improved and her visual activity decreased from hand motion to light perception. So, we performed pars plana vitrectomy and lensectomy using the Ocutome(R) and Frognatome(TM) and achieved a successful result with final visual acuity of 50 cm finger count or better without evidence of phthisis bulbi in this case.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Endophthalmitis* ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Entecavir is a synthetic nucleoside analogue, cyclopentyl guanine nucleoside, which has a potent antiviral effect and the least viral breakthrough in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Entecavir has been available in Korea since 2007 but there are few reports on its effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virological response (VR) and biochemical response (BR) to entecavir in HBV patients at 3, 6 and 9 months after treatment with entecavir. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three chronic hepatitis B patients who took entecavir for at least 9 months were enrolled. We investigated VR and BR by retrospectively reviewing medical records. Patients who satisfied the following criteria were chosen: 1) initial alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels = 1.5upper limit of normal (ULN) and 2) initial HBV DNA levels = 5 log10 copies/ml. We measured ALT levels every 3 months until month 9. HBV DNA was measured every 2 or 3 months by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: Most patients taking entecavir showed good BR (ALT < 40 IU/L). The BR rates were 61%, 73% and 67% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. VR (HBV DNA < 5 log(10) copies/ml or 2 log lower than initial HBV DNA) rates were 82%, 91% and 91% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Undetectable HBV DNA (HBV DNA < 4 log(10) copies/ml) rates were 49%, 73% and 85% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Two patients presented with virological breakthrough without adverse effects until month 9. CONCLUSIONS: Entecavir showed good BR and VR from month 3 and these effects continued through the 9-month observation period. This suggests that entecavir is also a good choice for the first line treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Further studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy and drug resistance of entecavir in Korean CHB patients.
Alanine Transaminase ; DNA ; Drug Resistance ; Guanine ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Currently, the incidence of hepatitis A is on the increase in Korea. Although there is emphasis on contact precautions, the nosocomial outbreak of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in healthcare personnel has increased within endemic areas because these workers inevitably come in close contact with patients and work under suboptimal hygiene conditions. In this study, we evaluated the necessity of immunization against HAV for healthcare personnel. METHODS: We investigated the seropositivity of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-HAV antibody (Ab) in 672 healthcare personnel on the basis of their age-group, sex, and occupation in Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital and Soon Chun Hyang University Bucheon Hospital. RESULTS: The subjects were divided into 6 groups on the basis of their ages to identify differences among the various age groups in the number of cases with HAV Ab seropositivity. Significant intergroup differences were noted in this respect: 21-25 years, 2/152 (1.3%); 26-30 years, 33/245 (13.5%); 31-35 years, 70/148 (47.3%); 36-40 years, 52/79 (65.8%); >40 years, 44/48 (91.7%). CONCLUSION: The number of seropositive cases was low among young healthy personnel: low seropositivity is an emerging risk for vulnerable population. With the increase in the incidence of hepatitis A, healthcare personnel have become a risk population for hepatitis A, as are community residents. Therefore, for healthcare personnel working in hospitals, immunization against HAV should be recommended for personnel younger than 30 years, and serological testing for older personnel.
Delivery of Health Care ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; Hepatitis A virus ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin G ; Incidence ; Korea ; Occupations ; Serologic Tests ; Vulnerable Populations

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of the coaxial technique in US-guided breast core biopsy. Materials andMethods : Using the coaxial technique, US-guided breast core biopsy was performed in 49 breast lesions (40patients). Under US-guidance the 17-gauge, 13 cm long introducer needle was positioned proximal to the lesion.Once the needle was in place, the central trocar was removed and was replaced with the core biopsy needle. We usedan 18-gauge, 16-cm-long core biopsy needle with a 17 mm specimen notch. Four to eight tissue specimens wereobtained from each lesion, and the quality and quantity of specimens, procedure time, and complications and theirrate were evaluated. RESULTS: For 48 of 49 lesions, specimens were adequate for histopathologic diagnosis, andthe findings were as follows : six cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, one of ductal carcinoma in situ, 29 offibrocystic disease, eight of fibroadenoma, two of chronic inflammation, and two of sclerosing lesion. In 12lesions agreement between the pathologic results of needle core biopsy and surgical results was 100%. Theprocedure time was about 15 minutes and no significant complications were noted. CONCLUSION: In breast corebiopsy, the coaxial technique is simple and time-saving, and compared with stan-dard breast core biopsy, may alsobe less traumatic and decrease the potential risk of seeding the biopsy tract with malignant cells.
Biopsy* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Diagnosis ; Fibroadenoma ; Inflammation ; Needles ; Surgical Instruments

Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by symptoms and signs of hypoparathyroidism in association with distinctive skeletal and developmental defects. The pseudohypoparathyroidism is due to deficient end organ response to the endogenous hormone. It is represented by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands, a response to the resistance to hormone action at the target tissues, kidney and bone. We report an unusual case of Albright syndrome associated with a ureteral stone in 3.5 years old female patient.
Female ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Kidney ; Parathyroid Glands ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Pseudohypoparathyroidism* ; Ureter*

Antihypertensive effects of ethanol extracts of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. (AE) were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR aged 14 weeks were treated for 8 weeks with AE (10 or 50 mg/kg/day) or amlodipine besylate (Am; 10 mg/kg/day) orally. Hypertension results in injury to several organs and can produce a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content as a result of lipid peroxidation and endothelial dysfunction. In this study, oral administration of AE and Am significantly reduced systolic blood pressure, organ weight index, and MDA content in tissues but increased significantly the plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations. The endothelium-dependent relaxant activities of acetylcholine (10⁻¹⁰–10⁻³ M) in norepinephrine (NE)-precontracted aorta were increased in AE- and Am-treated rats. Particularly strong endothelium-dependent relaxant activities were observed in AE-treated (50 mg/kg) rats. The endothelium-independent relaxant activities of sodium nitroprusside (10⁻¹⁰–10⁻³ M) in NE-precontracted aorta were not changed. The results of this study suggest that AE has both antihypertensive and end-organ protective effects in SHR.
Acetylcholine ; Administration, Oral ; Amlodipine ; Animals ; Aorta ; Aralia* ; Blood Pressure ; Ethanol* ; Hypertension ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Malondialdehyde ; Nitroprusside ; Norepinephrine ; Organ Size ; Plasma ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR*

Schwannomas are benign tumors that arise from the neural sheath of Schwann cells. Renal schwannomas are extremely rare and are commonly misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma, which typically results in a radical nephrectomy. We present a case of a renal schwannoma that mimics a renal pelvis tumor.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis ; Nephrectomy ; Neurilemmoma ; Schwann Cells

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference in three dimensional tooth movement using three different wire sizes (0.018 x 0.025-in, 0.016 x 0.022-in, 0.016-in) on a NiTi scissors-bite corrector. METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) images of the experimental model before and after tooth movement were taken and reconstructed into three dimensional models for superimposition. The direction and the amount of tooth movement were measured and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The lingual and intrusive movements of the crown of the maxillary second molar were increased as the size of the NiTi wire increased. The roots of the maxillary second molars moved buccally except for the 0.016-in group. The intrusive movement of the roots of the maxillary second molars was increased as the size of the NiTi wire increased. Due to the use of orthodontic mini-implants, anchorage loss was under 0.2 mm on average. CONCLUSIONS: The 0.018 x 0.025-in NiTi wire was most effective in lingual and intrusive movement of the maxillary second molar which was in scissors-bite position. Indirect skeletal anchorage with a single orthodontic mini-implant was rigid enough to prevent anchorage loss.
Crowns ; Models, Theoretical ; Molar ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement

Anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers and immunosuppressants are representative drugs related with gingival enlargement. Clinical signs and symptoms caused by drug-induced gingival enlargment frequently appear within 1 to 3 months after medication. At initial stage, it is limited to attached gingiva but may extend coronally and interfere with esthetics, mastication and speech. Interproximal spaces are common beginning area and pathologic teeth migration could be occurred by the lesion. Withdrawal or substitution of medication would be the most effective treatment of drug-induced gingival enlargement. However, periodontal treatment and further supportive periodontal therapy should be provided where change in medication is impossible. The present study reports the cases which show the resolution of inflammation with spontaneous teeth migration without change in medication. In all cases discussed in this report could be efficiently managed with proper periodontal treatment and further supportive periodontal therapy.
Anticonvulsants ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Esthetics ; Gingiva ; Gingival Overgrowth ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Inflammation ; Mastication ; Periodontal Diseases ; Tooth*