No abstract available.
Cell Proliferation* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus* ; Humans* ; Methotrexate* ; Papaverine*

BACKGROUND: The antinociceptive effect and the potency of systemically administered morphine (micro-agonist), nalbuphine (agonist-antagonist), and ketorolac (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) was examined in rats using the formalin test. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250~300 g) received intraperitoneal injection of either saline or 3 doses of each test drug (0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg of morphine, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg of nalbuphine, and 10, 30, 100 mg/kg of ketorolac) 30 minutes prior to formalin injection. 50 microliter of 10% formalin was injected into the dorsal surface of the right hindpaw after 1 minute of 4% halothane induction. The construction of the dose-response curves and the determination of doses producing 50% maximum possible effect (ED50) were computed. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal injection of morphine, nalbuphine and ketorolac resulted in the significant, dose-dependent supression of both phases, but nalbuphine has a ceiling effect at high dose for analgesia at the phase I of the formalin test. The rank order of relative potency in rats to the formalin test was nalbuphine (1.16)>morphine (1)>>ketorolac (0.1) in phase I, morphine (1)>nalbuphine (0.61)>>ketorolac (0.02) in phase IIa, and morphine (1)>nalbuphine (0.57)>>ketorolac (0.03) in phase IIb. CONCLUSION: Comparing the systemic analgesic potency, nalbuphine and ketorolac will be needed in dosages 1.5 and 50 times that of morphine, respectively. These results suggest that ketorolac is not good enough as a single analgesic drug in preemptive analgesia for major surgery.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Formaldehyde* ; Halothane ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Ketorolac* ; Male ; Morphine* ; Nalbuphine* ; Pain Measurement* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

No abstract available.
Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Neurofibromin 1 ; Vitiligo*

PURPOSE: We wanted to describe the MR imaging findings of endometrial cancer in patients with a history of prior radiation therapy for cervical cancer (ECRT) and we compare them to the MR imaging findings of patients with spontaneously occurring endometrial cancer (SEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with endometrial cancer that was diagnosed by operation or endometrial biopsy were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of past RT for cervical cancer: ECRT (n = 4) and SEC (n = 18). The MR images were retrospectively analyzed by consensus of two experienced radiologists. The MR imaging findings were analyzed by the size, shape and signal intensity of the mass, distension of the uterine cavity, the presence of cervical stenosis and the nature of the fluid collection. RESULTS: For the mass shape, all the ECRT lesions were polypoid masses. However, the SEC patients had 5 polypoid masses and 13 wall thickenings. The maximal diameter, signal intensity and enhancement pattern of the masses were not different between the ECRT and SEC patients. The width of the endometrial cavity varied between 3.9 cm in the ECRT patients and 0.4 cm in the SEC patients (p =0.002). All the ECRT patients had cervical stenosis. However, none of the SEC patients had cervical stenosis. CONCLUSION: MR imaging of ECRT patients demonstrated prominent distension of their uterine cavity and cervical stenosis, which may be the result of radiation fibrosis in the uterus.
Biopsy ; Cervix Uteri* ; Consensus ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* ; Uterus

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the number of leiomyoma patients-exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and to observe whether the serum concentration of BPA is related to leiomyoma growth. METHODS: A total of 158 patients were recruited for this study. Leiomyoma patients were divided into three groups, mild (n = 48), moderate (n = 32) and severe (n = 28), according to the size of leiomyomas. The control (n = 30) group was defined as having no leiomyomas. Transvaginal ultrasonography was used to identify and measure the leiomyomas. Serum BPA concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: BPA was detected in 87.0% out of a total of 158 samples, and in 86.0% out of 108 leiomyoma patients. In detail, the detection rates of serum BPA were 88.0% in the control group, 77.2% in the mild group, 90.0% in the moderate group and 96.0% in the severe group. The mean BPA concentration in the control group was 0.558 +/- 0.097 ng/mL, the leiomyoma groups, the mean BPA concentrations were 0.274 +/- 0.063 ng/mL (mild), 0.346 +/- 0.064 ng/mL (moderate) and 0.647 +/- 0.039 ng/mL (severe) (P = 0.0003). Values represent the mean +/- standard error. CONCLUSION: The detection rates of serum BPA in the control and leiomyoma groups were 88.0% and 86.0%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the serum BPA concentrations between the control and leiomyoma groups. To verify the effect of BPA on leiomyoma growth, a close and sequential monitoring is recommended for people who are at risk for uterine leiomyoma.
Endocrine Disruptors ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus

BACKGROUND: Obstruction of urinary tract is common cause of renal disfunction. Recent discovery of aquaporin water channels expressed in the kidney and various organs has faciliated our understanding of water transport across the permeable epithelial cell membrane. This study was performed to investigate the effects of bilateral ureteral obstruction on renal expression and cellular distribution of these water channels in rat kidney. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided two groups. The abdominal cavity was opened and 2-0 silk ligatures were proximally placed on both ureters in experimental group. Sham-operated group was treated in the same procedures except ligation. After closure of the abdomen, the animals were maintained for 48 hr while being given food and water ad libitum. Kidney sections of both groups were processed for immunohistochemistry using antibodies to aquaporin-1, 2, 3, and 4. RESULTS: Immunoreactivity for aquaporin-1 of sham-operated kidney was detected in the apical and basolateral plasma membrane of proximal tubules and thin limb of Henle loop. That of bilateral ureteral obstructed kidney was decreased in the both tubules, especially in the proximal tubules and thin limb of Henle loop of inner medulla. Immunoreactivity for aquaporin-2 of sham-operated kidney was the most prominent in apical region and moderate in cytoplasm of the principal cells of entire collecting ducts. That of obstructed kidney was markedly decreased in entire collecting duct, especially inner medulla except inner stripe of outer medulla. The decrease was in parallel between the apical region and cytoplasm. Immunoreactivity for aquaporin-3 of sham-operated kidney was the most prominent in the basolateral plasma membrane of principal cells of entire collecting duct. That of obstructed kidney was decreased in entire collecting duct. Papillary epithelium was stained in obstructed kidney. Immunoreactivity for aquaporin-4 of sham-operated kidney was moderate in the basolateral plasma membrane of principal cells of collecting ducts of inner stripe of outer medulla and inner medulla. In obstructed kidney, immunoreactivity was detected in cortical and outer stripe of outer medullary collecting duct, and decreased in inner stripe of outer medulla and inner medulla. A marked heterogeneity was observed in inner medullary collecting duct. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that alterations of expression of aquaporin proteins after bilateral ureteral obstruction may lead to change in renal functions, such as urine concentrating ability.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Cavity ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Aquaporin 2 ; Aquaporins ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Extremities ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; Kidney Concentrating Ability ; Ligation ; Loop of Henle ; Male ; Membranes ; Population Characteristics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Silk ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Urinary Tract

OBJECTIVES: Lack of insight has been regarded as the key feature of schizophrenia since the era of Kraepelin. The relationship between insight and psychopathology has been known to be statistically modest and non-linear. The aim of this study was to investigate psychopathological factors influencing insight achievement during treatment of acute psychotic episodes in schizophrenia, using the Korean version of the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD-K) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). METHODS: Information on demographic characteristics, SUMD-K, and PANSS were collected from the medical records of patients who were admitted to the psychiatric ward of Dongguk University International Hospital from March 1, 2009 to February 28 and were diagnosed as schizophrenia by the DSM-IV TR 2010. A total of 29 patients met the inclusion criteria. The scores of total and sub-items of SUMD-K for both current and past illnesses were assessed at five weeks after hospitalization and the scores of total and five factors of PANSS were assessed on hospitalization and at five weeks after hospitalization, respectively, and the changes in score between two time points were calculated. Statistical analysis of the relationships between the various items of the SUMD-K and the clinical characteristics, the total and sub-scores of PANSS was performed using the Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis with stepwise variable selection. RESULTS: Total score and five factor scores of PANSS for hospitalization and PANSS changes did not show statistical correlation with SUMD-K. The total score of general items and awareness of mental disorder of SUMD-K at five weeks after hospitalization showed significant associations with duration of education, depressed and cognitive factors for current illness of PANSS at five weeks after hospitalization, respectively. In addition, depressed factor and cognitive factor of PANSS showed a significant association with awareness of social consequences and awareness of the achieved affect of medication, respectively. CONCLUSION: During treatment of acute psychotic episodes in patients with schizophrenia, various domains of psychopathology were differentially correlated with insight, which implied the multidimensional construct on a continuum. Conduct of further studies of neurobiological approaches underlying factors showing correlation with insight is needed.
Achievement ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mental Disorders ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia

The authors report a cases of the epidermoid cyst which manifested neuralgia on the 2nd and 3rd brances of the trigeminal nerve. The tumor was located in the cerebelloponitine angle, Lt. The cyst content and tumor capsule surrounding the trigeminal nerve were removed. After surgery, the chief complaint disappeared and other complications were absent. In the patient, the computed tomography scan demonstrated a hypodense tumor not enhanced by contrast material. With magnetic resonance imaging, the tumor showed a intermediate signal intensity between the brain and CSF on the T1-seighted image and an increased signal intensity relative to brain CSF on T2-weighted image. In the patient with trigeminal pain, we have to evaluate the causes of the pain radiologically.
Brain ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuralgia ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Trigeminal Neuralgia*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the changes in the IL-1beta and the IL-6 concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after initial successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), to examine the difference in the IL-1beta and the IL-6 concentrations in CSF between the cerebral performance category (CPC) 1-2 group and CPC 3-5 group after successful CPR, and to identify early makers predicting the outcome after successful CPR. METHODS: We studied prospectively 10 patients with spontaneous circulation after CPR. Samples of CSF were taken at 20 min, 4 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr after restoration of spontaneous circulation. The control group was consisted of the nonspecific 6 patients in brain computed tomography and CSF finding among the visited patients in emergency department with complaints of headache. The CSF IL-1beta and IL-6 were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: 1) The concentrations of CSF IL-6 for CPC 3-5 were higher in the successful CPR group than in the control group. 2) In the severely neurologically disabled group (CPC 3-5), the concentrations of CSF IL-6 were significantly higher at 20 min 4 hr, 24 hr and 48 hr after successful CPR than they were in the mildly neurologically disabled group(CPC 1-2). 3) The concentrations of CSF IL-6 in the severely neurologically disabled group (CPC 3-5) reached peak levels at 24 hours after successful CPR. 4) The concentrations of CSF IL-1beta did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that CSF IL-6 is increased more in the severely neurologically disabled group (CPC 3-5) than it is in the mildly neurologically disabled group (CPC 1-2) after successful CPR. We found a significant relationship between the concentration of CSF IL-6 and initial outcome for the CPR patient. Thus, we suggest that CSF IL-6 might play a role in brain ischemic-reperfusion injury and might be used as a prognostic marker after successful CPR.
Brain ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Headache ; Heart Arrest* ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain* ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukin-6 ; Prospective Studies