PURPOSE: Patient education is an important part of asthma management. This study was designed to evaluate the role of education program for asthmatic children and their parents. In the western countries, the effectiveness of patient education on improving self-management of asthma has been well documented. However, data from Korean population is lacking. METHODS: We performed the study to evaluate the efficacy of a hospital based education program aimed at improving self-management skills and reducing morbidity. Twenty patient and their parents attending Korea University Ansan Hospital allergy clinic were enrolled in the study. They were instructed 4 times of 10-15 minutes session with every 3 month interval on the pathophysiology of asthma, treatment and the appropriate use of medication including proper inhaler technique and the self-management of their diseases. The instructions were reinforced by three more education session at subsequent outpatient clinic attendance. RESULT: After twelve months, morbidity was assessed by the numbers of hospitalization, emergency department attendance and outpatient clinic attendance, use of oral steroids and steroid inhalation and impairment of quality of life. The efficacy of the education was demonstrated by significant reduction in the number of hospitalization(P<0.005), emergency department visit(P<0.005), outpatient clinic visit(P<0.05) and reduction of oral steroid use(P<0.001). There were also reduction of outpatient department attendance and improvement in steroid inhalation and quality of life. CONCLUSION: The result of this study suggest that a proper patient education is essential in reduction of asthma morbidity and improving in quality of life.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Asthma* ; Child ; Education* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inhalation ; Korea ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Outpatients ; Parents* ; Patient Education as Topic ; Quality of Life ; Self Care ; Steroids

The development of robotic technology has facilitated the application of minimally invasive techniques for complex gynecologic surgery. Robot-assisted gynecologic surgery has grown exponentially since receiving Food and Drug Administration approval for use in gynecologic surgery in 2005. Robotic surgery has several major advantages, including three-dimensional visual magnification, articulation beyond normal manipulation, and the filtering of the operator's hand tremors. Therefore, robotic surgery is suitable for microsurgery, and it could be an alternative option for laparotomy. Robotic surgery has advantages, especially for suture-intensive operations such as myomectomy. Patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy had significantly decreased estimated blood loss, complication rates, and length of hospital stay. The advantages of robotic surgery help to overcome the limitations of laparoscopy, especially for complicated procedures in deep infiltrating endometriosis. Although extensive radical operations for deep infiltrating endometriosis of the bowel and urinary tract, such as segmental resections of the bladder, ureters, and bowel, were performed by laparotomy in the past, they are now performed more easily and more effectively using robotic techniques. In a recent systematic review and meta-analysis, robotic and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy resulted in similar clinical outcomes, but robotic surgery was associated with a longer operation time and higher costs. Robotic and conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy show equivalent surgical and clinical outcomes. Compared to laparotomy, robotic gynecologic cancer surgery results in improved clinical outcomes and comparable oncologic outcomes. If robotic surgery is tailored in terms of patient selection, surgeon ability, and equipment availability, it could be a feasible option for highly advanced minimally invasive surgery.
Endometriosis ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Gynecology ; Hand ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Length of Stay ; Microsurgery ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Patient Selection ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Trachelectomy ; Tremor ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract ; Uterine Myomectomy

The development of robotic technology has facilitated the application of minimally invasive techniques for complex gynecologic surgery. Robot-assisted gynecologic surgery has grown exponentially since receiving Food and Drug Administration approval for use in gynecologic surgery in 2005. Robotic surgery has several major advantages, including three-dimensional visual magnification, articulation beyond normal manipulation, and the filtering of the operator's hand tremors. Therefore, robotic surgery is suitable for microsurgery, and it could be an alternative option for laparotomy. Robotic surgery has advantages, especially for suture-intensive operations such as myomectomy. Patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy had significantly decreased estimated blood loss, complication rates, and length of hospital stay. The advantages of robotic surgery help to overcome the limitations of laparoscopy, especially for complicated procedures in deep infiltrating endometriosis. Although extensive radical operations for deep infiltrating endometriosis of the bowel and urinary tract, such as segmental resections of the bladder, ureters, and bowel, were performed by laparotomy in the past, they are now performed more easily and more effectively using robotic techniques. In a recent systematic review and meta-analysis, robotic and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy resulted in similar clinical outcomes, but robotic surgery was associated with a longer operation time and higher costs. Robotic and conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy show equivalent surgical and clinical outcomes. Compared to laparotomy, robotic gynecologic cancer surgery results in improved clinical outcomes and comparable oncologic outcomes. If robotic surgery is tailored in terms of patient selection, surgeon ability, and equipment availability, it could be a feasible option for highly advanced minimally invasive surgery.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bone mineral density on life styles, dietary habits and nutrient intakes among the male college students. The subjects were divided into four groups; Q1 (calcaneus BMD < 25 percentile, n = 117), Q2 (25 percentile < or = calcaneus BMD < 50 percentile, n = 118), Q3 (50 percentile < or = calcaneus BMD < 75 percentile, n = 118), Q4 (calcaneus BMD > or = 75 percentile, n = 116). And they were asked about general characteristics, life style, dietary habit, and nutrient intake using questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. They were measured the bone mineral density of calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound. The average age of the subjects of the study was 23.0 years and the average height, weight, and BMI were 174.7 cm, 69.0 kg, 22.5 kg/m2. The bone mineral density in calcaneus was 0.43 g/cm2 in Q1, 0.50 g/cm2 in Q2, 0.56 g/cm2 in Q3, and 0.69 g/cm2 in Q4 (p < 0.001). The results showed that Q1 tended to have irregular exercise compared to the other three groups. Compared with Q1 and Q2, the frequency of skipping breakfast was lower in Q3 and Q4. Also the results showed that the Q4 was significantly more often to drink coffee compared with the other three groups (p < 0.01). The mean daily energy intake was 2210.6 kcal (88.4% of RDA). The intake of energy, vitamin B2, calcium, and zinc did not meet the Korean RDA. Also the Q2 consumed significantly lower intakes of protein (p < 0.05) and plant protein (p < 0.05) compared to the Q3 and Q4. The Q1 and Q2 consumed significantly lower intakes of vitamin B2 (p < 0.01) compared to the Q3 and Q4. In conclusion, male student in lower bone mineral density appeared to have unhealthy life styles and dietary habits in terms of irregular exercise, high frequency of skipping breakfast and lower intakes of protein, vitamin B2 showing a strong need proper education on meal practices and exercise habits for the bone health.
Bone Density* ; Breakfast ; Calcaneus ; Calcium ; Coffee ; Education ; Energy Intake ; Food Habits* ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Male* ; Meals ; Plants ; Riboflavin ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ultrasonography ; Zinc

Congenital intradural intramedullary ependymal cysts of the spinal canal are very rare. The following case history is presented to emphasize the clinical features and to lead to a discussion of the origin of these cysts. We report our case with the brief review of the articles.
Spinal Canal

The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a new term that describes various menopausal symptoms and signs including not only genital symptoms (dryness, burning, and irritation), and sexual symptoms (lack of lubrication, discomfort or pain, and impaired function, but also urinary symptoms (urgency, dysuria, and recurrent urinary tract infections). The terms vulvovaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis, which were generally used until recently, had a limitation because they did not cover the full spectrum of symptoms and did not imply that the symptoms are related to a decreased estrogen level in menopause. Since the GSM may have a profound negative impact on the quality of life of postmenopausal women, women should be made aware of these problems and treated with an appropriate effective therapy. Thus, in this review we introduce new terminology and discuss the importance of comprehension of GSM and the necessity of active treatment of this syndrome in postmenopausal women.
Atrophic Vaginitis ; Atrophy ; Burns ; Comprehension ; Dysuria ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Lubrication ; Menopause* ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Tract

Tuberculoma, once the most frequent cause of intracranial mass lesion, are now rare. Except in cases in which meningitis develops owing to extension to the subarachnoid space, the symptoms of them are those of an expanding cerebral or cerebellar mass. A 18 years old female was admitted to Chungnam National University Hospital complaining of headache and severe vomiting. Neurological examination showed severe papilledema, trunkal ataxia and mild ataxic gait. Chest P-A and skull X-rays showed non specific finding. Total removal of mass in right cerebellar hemisphere after exploration of posterior fossa was done and it was confirmed of tuberculoma histologically. Postoperative course was uneventful and discharged with good health.
Adolescent ; Ataxia ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Female ; Gait ; Headache ; Humans ; Meningitis ; Neurologic Examination ; Papilledema ; Skull ; Subarachnoid Space ; Thorax ; Tuberculoma* ; Vomiting

Tuberculoma, once the most frequent cause of intracranial mass lesion, are now rare. Except in cases in which meningitis develops owing to extension to the subarachnoid space, the symptoms of them are those of an expanding cerebral or cerebellar mass. A 18 years old female was admitted to Chungnam National University Hospital complaining of headache and severe vomiting. Neurological examination showed severe papilledema, trunkal ataxia and mild ataxic gait. Chest P-A and skull X-rays showed non specific finding. Total removal of mass in right cerebellar hemisphere after exploration of posterior fossa was done and it was confirmed of tuberculoma histologically. Postoperative course was uneventful and discharged with good health.
Adolescent ; Ataxia ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Female ; Gait ; Headache ; Humans ; Meningitis ; Neurologic Examination ; Papilledema ; Skull ; Subarachnoid Space ; Thorax ; Tuberculoma* ; Vomiting

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the frontal and temporal bone is very rare. Rhabdomyosarcoma is usually a relentless, progressive which results in death of patients in a relatively short time. The authors report a case of rhabdomyosarcoma arisen right frontotemporal bone and reviewed the literatures.
Humans ; Rhabdomyosarcoma* ; Temporal Bone

The development of robotic technology has facilitated the application of minimally invasive techniques for complex gynecologic surgery. Some major advantages of robotic surgery are three-dimensional magnification and articulation beyond normal manipulation. It also detects and filters out any tremors in the surgeon's hand movements, so that they are suitable for microsurgery. Compared to laparotomy, robotic gynecological cancer surgery results in improved clinical outcomes and comparable lymph node yields. Radical trachelectomy is an alternative therapy in early cervical cancer in women who wish to retain fertility. Anatomic restriction to the vaginal approach such as lack of pelvic descent is overcome using the robotic technique. This also enables preservation of the uterine vessels and increased precision and visualization during surgery. Robotic and conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy are equivalent regarding surgical and clinical outcomes. Operating times are longer and costs are significantly higher for the robotic procedure. Robotic surgery has the potential to become an enabler for gynecologic minimally invasive surgery, especially suture-intensive operations such as myomectomy. Patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy had significantly decreased blood loss, complication rates, and length of stay. The ultimate role of robot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy is to supplant open myomectomy as the standard of care for conservative surgical treatment of myomas. Robot-assisted treatment of deep infiltrating endometriosis is feasible and safe. Robotic sacrocolpopexy demonstrated similar short-term surgical outcome compared with abdominal sacrocolpopexy, with longer operative time, less blood loss, and a shorter length of stay. Except for its higher cost, robotic surgery in gynecology is feasible with a low complication rate and comparable surgical outcomes.
Endometriosis ; Female ; Fertility ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Gynecology ; Hand ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparotomy ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Nodes ; Microsurgery ; Myoma ; Operative Time ; Robotics ; Standard of Care ; Tremor ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms