Juvenile granulosa cell tumor is rare but one of the common congenital testicular neoplasms. Although histological features are typical of its ovarian counterpart, testicular juvenile granulosa cell tumor has a distinctly different clinical presentation. We report a case of juvenile granulosa cell tumor arising in the cryptochid testis of a 4-day-old newborn. A 6 5 5 cm sized multilocular cyst containing thick, mucinous fluid was found in the peritoneal cavity. The external surface of the cyst was smooth and the septae were relatively thin. The cyst consisted of numerous mucin-filled, cystic follicles lined by cells having vacuolated cytoplasm and round to oval dark nuclei without grooves. Cells resembling granulosa cells of an ovarian follicle were also observed in the intervening stroma forming irregular solid nests.
Cryptorchidism* ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Granulosa Cell Tumor* ; Granulosa Cells* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mucins ; Ovarian Follicle ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis

Syphilis was known to be generalized disease and it had been decreased until 1960's. But, it has been increased again recently. The author analysed the 22 cases of congenital syphilis which were treated at department of orthopaedic surgery at Ewha Womans University Hospital from Jan. 1979 to July 1983 and the following results were obtained. 1. There were no significant changes of the number of patient by years. 2. Common symptom and sign were hepatosplenomegaly(84%), fever(62%) and skin changes(50%), and pseudoparalysis was observed in one case. 3. Radiologic bone changes were observed in 11 cases (50%) and the following results were obtained: a. Below the two week old, there was relatively low incidence of bone change with 22%. b. There was high incidence of bone change in prematurity with 75%. c. Common features of bone changes were periosteal reaction, osteochondritis and metaphysitis (91%). Pathologic fracture was observed. in one case. 4. Although we have observed the bone changes only in 50% of cases, all the other reports has reported more than 80% and we thought that radiologic bone change would aid the diagnosis of congenital syphilis.
Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; Incidence ; Osteochondritis ; Skin ; Syphilis ; Syphilis, Congenital

Injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament have almost universally been treated nonoperatively in the past due to indignity of this complex structure. Recent studies have shown new informations on the anantomical, histological, biomechanical characteristics of the Posterior cruciate ligament PCL), and thereby interest of reconstruction surgery is increasing. But intraarticular PCL reconstruction still remains one of the most challenging problems in knee surgery. Although, various types of graft and surgical techniques have been used for reconstruction, results of surgery has been variable. In this study, three different methods of graft fixation for PCL reconstruction are evaluated biomechanically to determine the effect on mechanical property of reconstructed PCL using 30 porcine knees. Grafts used in this study were bone-patellar tendon-bone fixed with interference screw and Achilles tendon tied with suture. Additionally, five original PCLs were also tested by Instron universal testing instrument to determine its mechanical proprety. Tensile test was performed at extended knee position. It was demonstrated that mechanical strength of bone-patellar tendon-bone graft is superior to that of Achilles tendon graft. All of the failures of bone-patellar tendon-bone graft and Achilles tendon graft occurred at tibial fixation site whereas original PCLs which failed at proximal midsubstance of ligament. In conclusion, tensile strength of Bone-patellar tendon-bone graft used for PCL reconstruction is higher than that of Achilles tendon but latter can be used in terms of as clinical meanings.
Achilles Tendon ; Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafts ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Sutures ; Tensile Strength ; Transplants*

Background: Dengue fever is considered one of the transfusion-transmissible emerging infectious diseases. Dengue fever has been reported every year by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). Because a blood donor screening assay to detect the dengue virus (DENV) as an agent of dengue fever is not performed, the risk of transfusion-transmitted DENV infection needs to be assessed. Methods: This study collected the data of DENV infected cases from the Infectious Disease Portal of the KDCA, the data of blood donors and blood components from the Blood Information Management System of the Korean Red Cross, and the data of travelers to major dengue outbreak countries from the Korean Tourism Organization.All data were from 2016 to 2018. A risk assessment was performed using European Up-Front Risk Assessment Tool (EUFRAT). Results: The risk of DENV-infected red cells and platelet concentrate was higher than that of plasma and apheresis platelet. Nevertheless, the risk of the DENV infected blood component was shown to be less than one case per year for all kinds of blood components. Conclusion All the DENV infected cases in Korea were overseas travelers. Therefore, the risk of transfusiontransmissible DENV infection is very low. On the other hand, continuous observation and monitoring are required because Aedes albopictus as a vector of DENV is found in Korea, and the increase in reported cases may lead to domestic infections.

Background: Dengue fever is considered one of the transfusion-transmissible emerging infectious diseases. Dengue fever has been reported every year by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). Because a blood donor screening assay to detect the dengue virus (DENV) as an agent of dengue fever is not performed, the risk of transfusion-transmitted DENV infection needs to be assessed. Methods: This study collected the data of DENV infected cases from the Infectious Disease Portal of the KDCA, the data of blood donors and blood components from the Blood Information Management System of the Korean Red Cross, and the data of travelers to major dengue outbreak countries from the Korean Tourism Organization.All data were from 2016 to 2018. A risk assessment was performed using European Up-Front Risk Assessment Tool (EUFRAT). Results: The risk of DENV-infected red cells and platelet concentrate was higher than that of plasma and apheresis platelet. Nevertheless, the risk of the DENV infected blood component was shown to be less than one case per year for all kinds of blood components. Conclusion All the DENV infected cases in Korea were overseas travelers. Therefore, the risk of transfusiontransmissible DENV infection is very low. On the other hand, continuous observation and monitoring are required because Aedes albopictus as a vector of DENV is found in Korea, and the increase in reported cases may lead to domestic infections.

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical usefulness of magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) as a diagnostic modality and for treatment planning of intracranial arteriovenous malformations(AVM). METHODS AND MATERIALS: In 14 patients with intracranial AVM which were confirmed by operations, radiologic studies and clinical evaluations, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), MRA and conventional angiography(CA) were retrospectively reviewed with specific regards to nidus depiction, detectability of feeding arteries and draining veins, and number and anatomic consistency of these vessles. MRA was obtained by 3 D TOF, 2 D PC, and 3 D methods with adequate VENC selection. RESULTS: Nidus of AVM was well demonstrated in MRI and MRA, and no remarkable difference in detection and size estimation of nidus among MRI, MRA and CA except 2 cases of associated intracranial hemorrhage, in which 3 D PC MRA well depicted nidus that were not visualized on MRI because of subacute hemorrhage. Feeding arteries were well demonstrated on 3 D TOF and 3 D PC MRA. Dilated draining veins were well depicted on 3 D PC MRA by scannig with adequate VENC selection, and the results were no remarkable difference compared with the ones on CA. CONCLUSION: MRA of a consecutive scan after MRI is a excellent modality for evaluation and treatment planning of intracranial AVM, and possible substitutive method for CA except for radiotherapy or transarterial embolization.
Arteries ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Veins

Lung cancer is the most common fatal malignant lesion in both sexes. Detection of the solitary pulmonary nodule is important because surgical series up to a third of solitary pulmonary nodules are bronchogenic carcinoma. Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma is a rare primary lung cancer and surgery is treatment of choice in brochioloalveolar cell carcinoma. We experienced a case of broschioloalveolar cell carcinoma in solitary pulmonary nodule with cavitary lesion in chest CT scan, which is an uncommon finding in brochioloalveolar cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic ; Lung Neoplasms ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Population Characteristics* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroiditis*

BACKGROUND: Since the demonstration of the fact that vascular relaxation by acetylcholine(Ach) results from the release of relaxing factor from the endothelium, the identity and physiology of this endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF) has been the target for many researches. EDRF has been identified as nitric oxide(NO). With the recent evidences that EDRF is an important mediator of vascular tone, there have been increasing interests in defining the role of the EDRF as a potential mediator of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. But the role of EDRF in modulating the pulmonary circulation is not compeletely clarified. To investigate the endotbelium-dependent pulmonary vasodilation and the role of EDRF during hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, we studied the effects of N(G)-monornethyl-L-arginine(L-NMMA) and L-arginine on the precontracted pulmonary arterial rings of the rat in normoxia and hypoxia. METHODS: The pulmonary arteries of male Sprague Dawley(300~350g) were dissected free of surrounding tissue, and cut into rings. Rings were mounted over fine rigid wires, in organ chambers filled with 20ml of Krebs solution bubbled with 95 percent oxygen and 5 percent carbon dioxide and maintained at 37℃. Changes in isometric tension were recorded with a force transducer(FT. 03 Grass, Quincy, USA). RESULTS: 1) Precontraction of rat pulmonry artery with intact endothelium by phenylephrine(PE, 10(-6)M) was relaxed completely by acetylcholine(Ach, 10(-9) -10(-5)M) and sodium nitroprusside (SN, 10(-9) -10(-5)M), but relaxing response by Ach in rat pulmonary artery with denuded endothelium was significantly decreased. 2) L-NMMA(10-4M) pretreatment inhibited Ach(10(-9) -10(-5)M)-induced relaxation, but L-NMMA(10-4M) had no effect on relaxation induced by SN(10(-9) -10(-5)M). 3) Pretreatment of the L-arginine(10(-4)M) significantly reversed the inhibition of the Ach(10(-9) -10(-5)M)-induced relaxation caused by L-NMMA(10(-4)M). 4) Pulmonary arterial contraction by PE(10(-6)M) was stronger in hypoxia than normoxia but relaxing response by Ach(10(-9) -10(-5)M) was decreased. 5) With pretreatment of L-arginine(10(-4)M), pulmonary arterial relaxation by Ach(10(-9) -10(-5)M) in hypoxia was reversed to the level of relaxation in normoxia. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that rat pulmonary arterial relaxation by Ach is dependent on the intact endothelium and is largely mediated by NO. Acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is related to the suppression on NO formation in the vascular endothelium.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Arginine ; Arteries ; Carbon Dioxide ; Endothelium ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitroprusside ; omega-N-Methylarginine ; Oxygen ; Physiology ; Poaceae ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Rats* ; Relaxation* ; Vasoconstriction* ; Vasodilation

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity leads to a high possibility of adult obesity. Previous studies show cases of research on obesity control programs led by doctors specializing in obesity, and dietitians. However, no such research have yet targeted schools, where such obesity control program are led by the school's staff (dietitian, school nurse and physical education teacher) instead. Thus, this research set out to determine whether obesity control programs could be effectively utilized within elementary schools as a part of the school health problems. As a start, a book on Elementary School Obese Children Control Program was used as the main text to provide the basics of the program. METHODS: The research was targeted at an elementary school located in NoWon district, where 16 moderate obese children from grades 3 to 6, were chosen to participate in training once every week for 6 weeks, together with exercises once every week for 5 weeks. RESULTS: The evaluation of the obesity control program showed significant results in obesity index, body fat and HDL-cholesterol. The school nurse contacted each student's teacher every day and an exercise or training was scheduled, so that students could participate in the program. This contributed to a high participation rate, with an overall participation rate reaching 85% and an exercise participation rate reaching 79%. During the evaluation of the program, it was found that the regular exercises carried out once a week in the school led the students to get in the habit of exercising regularly after school. CONCLUSION: It is considered that there would be a considerable change in childhood obesity control if the school nurse, dietitian and physical education teachers each played a part in carrying out an obesity control program as part of the school health care.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Child ; Exercise ; Humans ; Nutritionists ; Obesity* ; Pediatric Obesity ; Physical Education and Training ; School Health Services