PURPOSE: To solving the problems of unbalanced sex ratio through the last 10 year's and future problems. METHOD: This study was reviewed in last 10year's period in nulligravida, multigravida, cesarean section, season, year(odd, even), and month(odd, even), it's depend on the 11568 cases during the last 10 year's and average of yearly delivery is almost 1000 cases. RESULT: The following results were obtained, The total sex ratio in last 10 years were 100: 108. 5(female: male). The total monthly sex ratio in last 10 years were following. Febraury sex ratio was 100: 115.2(female:male), may sex ratio was 100: 97.0(female:male), Even month sex ratio 100: 112.1(female: male), odd month sex ratio 100: 104(female: male), seasonal sex ratio were following. Spring(100: 102.7), summer(100: 115.6), fall(100: 106.4), winter(100: 109.4). The total Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery in nulligravida and multigravida were followed, nulligravida(which is one delivery only) was 100: 112.4(f: m), multigravida(which is more than one delivery, but not inclued abortion) was 100: 107.6(f: m). The total c/sec(Cesarean section) in 1st c/sec and 2nd and above c/sec were followed. 1st c/sec was 100: 113.6(female: male), 2nd and above c/sec was 100: 103(female: male). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the unbalance of newbom baby boy sex ratio in nulligravida is higher then multigravida and is problem in this contry. We will be concerned social problem in early 21th centry.
Cesarean Section ; Female ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Seasons ; Sex Ratio* ; Social Problems

The causes of hypocalcemia in patients suffering from severe infection including sepsis are largely uncertain. So we measured serum albumin, total protein, cholesterol, PTH, and calcitonin of the infection-associated hypocalcemic children and compared with those of normocalcemic children suffering from tsutsugamushi disease. All had normal renal functions and had been admitted to the department of pediatrics of Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Hypocalcemic patients were hypoalbuminemic. Serum total calcium was inappropriately more decreased compared to the decreased amount of serum albumin in the hypocalcemic group. We also observed more frequent incidence of hypocholesterolemia (<100mg/dL) in this group. And serum PTH was appropriately elevated in the hypocalcemic patients. Serum calcitonin was elevated in both groups, but 6 times higher in the hypocalcemic group than in the normocalcemic one. Serum total calcium was positively correlated with serum albumin and negatively correlated with serum PTH and calcitonin.
Calcitonin ; Calcium ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Hypocalcemia* ; Incidence ; Pediatrics ; Scrub Typhus ; Sepsis ; Serum Albumin

No abstract available.
Animals ; Lordosis*

No abstract available.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Tenosynovitis*

The nevus of Ota is a benign dermal melanocytic lesion that most commonly occurs unilaterally in areas innervated by the first and second division of the trigeminal nerve. Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules(ABNOM) are located bilaterally on the forehead, temples, eyelids, cheeks, and/or nose. They usually occur in the fourth or fifth decade of life in women(rarely in men). In contrast to the nevus of Ota, ABNOM have not been observed in the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, nose, or eyes. Traditional treatments were palliative, risky electrocautery, or cryotherapy. These methods resulted in permanent pigmentary changes and/or scarring. Recently utilizing the principle of selective photothermolysis, the Q-switched Alexandrite laser has been reported to be successful in treating benign pigmentary lesions and tattoos. Our study evaluated the treatment of 127 patients with nevus of Ota and ABNOM with the Q-switched Alexandrite laser(755 nm, 100 nsec). Nevi were treated up to 7 times with 7-8 J/cm2 at a minimum of 6 weeks interval. Good therapeutic effects were gained (up to 50% improvement was seen in 89% of patients.) and our patients were very satisfied. No patients had permanent textural change or scarring. Treatment with on Alexandrite laser for nevus of Ota & ABNOM is considered to be a safe and effective method.
Cheek ; Cicatrix ; Cryotherapy ; Electrocoagulation ; Eyelids ; Forehead ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Mouth ; Mucous Membrane ; Nevus of Ota ; Nevus* ; Nose ; Trigeminal Nerve

OBJECT: In order to compare several Obstetric characteristics and outmmes of teenage pregnancy. METHODS: The 10 year clinical records of 11,583 women undergoing Cesarean section and delivery were reviewed in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Incheon Christian Hospital from July 1, 1989 to June 30, 1999. There were seventy-eight pregnancies under age 20 and we compared them with two hundred pregnancies aged 20-29 who were randomly chosen during the same periods as the control group. RESULT: The following results were obtained. The proportion of birth by teenagers increased from 0.5% of all birth in 1989 to 2.61% in 1999. The most of cases were in high teen group, age 14- 19.The majority(50.5%) were in the age of 19. Seventy two cases(92.3%) had no previous pregnant history. Six cases had one previous pregnant history. The frequencies of prenatal care were significantly lower than that of the control group(p<0.05). The mean gestational period was 36+4weeks, and showed significant difference between the study group and the control group(39+3 weeks). The incidence of preterm labor was significantly different between the two proups(p<0.05). But the incidence of postterm delivery were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean weight gain of pregnant teenagers revealed 10.64kg, significantly less profound than the control group. The matemal weight gain of control group revealed 12.95kg, respectively. The mean birth weight(2.54kg) of infant was significantly less profound than the control group. The incidence of birth of small for gestational age(birth weight 1,500-2,499gm ; 14.5%) was significantly increased among study group than the control group(1%). The rate of abdominal delivery(21.8%) were not significantly decreased than the control group(47%). The incidence of cephalopelvic disproportion and malpresentation for cesarean section were somewhat higher than the control group, and were statistically significant(p<0.05). During the antepartun period, anemia, pyelonephritis, and preterm labor occurred more frequently in the teenage pregnancy than the control group, but not statistically significant. Among postpartum complications, incidence of anemia(51.3%) increased significantly. The perinatal mortality, intrauterine growth retardation, congenital anomaly occurred more frequently than the control group. CONCLUSION: These results show that pregnancy of teenage will be comeout high risk and complications. And then we will be more concern and study about teenage pregnancy.
Adolescent ; Anemia ; Cephalopelvic Disproportion ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incheon ; Incidence ; Infant ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Obstetrics ; Parturition ; Perinatal Mortality ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy in Adolescence* ; Prenatal Care ; Pyelonephritis ; Weight Gain

A various type of hairline and height of forehead is considered as a result of genetic effect. The conventional corrective surgical operation of low hairline in forehead has been too complicated and painful to apply, and also has many disadvantages such as scar, bleeding, risks of anesthesia. Recently four classes of devices are designed to remove hair with intense light beam : Nd-Yag lasers with carbon cream, the Ruby lasers, the Alexandrite lasers, and the polychromic broad band light source of flashlamp technology. The goal of these therapeutic modality is to destroy the melanin pigment selectively in hair follicle without injuring the skin for permanent epilation. We have been used long pulse infrared Alexandrite laser for treat low hair line in 27 patients from Dec. 1997 to Dec. 1998. We experienced 3 cases of temporary hyperpigmentation and 1 case of bulla, and the most of patients were satisfied in 89%. The average lengthening of forehead was 2.2cm (median line) and 2.3cm (paramedian line). We achieved successful result without permanent hyperpigmentation or scarring
Anesthesia ; Carbon ; Cicatrix ; Forehead ; Hair Follicle ; Hair Removal ; Hair* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Melanins ; Skin

BACKGROUND: There is concem about the rising incidence of skin cancer. However, few articles have reported the change in the clinical and epidemiological aspects of skin cancer. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study in order to clarifiy the recent changes in cutaneous premalignant and malignant lesions. METHODS: A statistical analysis was made using 101 cases of cutaneous premalignant lesions and 205 cases of ma]ignant tumors out of a total number of 20,175 new outpatients that visited the Department of Dermatology at the Seoul National University Hospital during a 6 year period(1990-1995). RESULTS: The frequency of premalignant lesions was 0.50% and that of malignant tumors was 1.02%. The frequency showed an increasing tendency compared to previous reports. In the premalignant lesion cases, actinic keratosis was most common and represented a figure of 82.2%. Among the malignant tumors, basal cell carcinoma was most frequent at 24.4%. Age, sex and anatomical site distribution of basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma was no different. The mean age of squamous cell carcinoma was greater than in previous reports and main preceding lesions were actinic keratosis and cheilitis. The frequency of lymphoma was markedly increased but the reason for this remains to be determined. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed the continous increasing incidence of skin cancers and emphasize the need for public eduacation, early diagnosis and proper treatment.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cheilitis ; Dermatology ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Lymphoma ; Melanoma ; Outpatients ; Seoul ; Skin Neoplasms ; Statistics as Topic*

A one step reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) combined nested PCR was set up to increase efficiency in the diagnosis of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection after developement of nested PCR. Two PCR primer sets were designed based on the sequence of nucleocapsid gene of CDV Onderstepoort strain. One-step RT-PCR with the outer primer pair was revealed to detect 10(2) PFU/ml. The sensitivity was increased hundredfold using the one-step RT-PCR combined with the nested PCR. Specificity of the PCR was also confirmed using other related canine virus and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and body secretes of healthy dogs. Of the 51 blood samples from dogs clinically suspected of CD, 45 samples were revealed as positive by one-step RT-PCR combined with nested PCR. However, only 15 samples were identified as positive with a single one step RT-PCR. Therefore approximately 60% increase in the efficiency of the diagnosis was observed by the combined method. These results suggested that one step RT-PCR combined with nested PCR could be a sensitive, specific, and practical method for diagnosis of CDV infection.
Animals ; Distemper Virus, Canine/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Dogs ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods/*veterinary ; RNA, Viral/genetics/isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Viral Vaccines