No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Education* ; Health Behavior*

No abstract available.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The recently developed nucleic acid amplification methods may provide us with very sensitive, specific and rapid tests for the detection of M. tuberculosis. So the aim of this study was to compare the commercial Amplicor M. tuberculosis kit and our in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the conventional culture and direct AFB staining method. Materials and METHODS: Among the total of 2,340 clinical specimens, 1,314 sputum samples were tested for the presence of M. tuberculosis by Amplicor PCR and 1,026 sputum samples were tested by in-house PCR performing with resin matrix preparation and DNA extraction, synthesized primer pair, detection using agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: One hundred-seventeen specimens were positive by Amplicor PCR, 105 were positive by in-house PCR, 185 were positive by culture. The sensitivity of the Amplicor PCR for all of the specimens and for smear-positive and smear-negative specimens was 92.9%, 97.9% and 88.2%, respectively after discrepant analysis. The sensitivity of the in-house PCR for all of the specimens and for smear-positive and smear-negative specimens was 80.0%, 93.6% and 65.5%, respectively after discrepant analysis. The specificity of the Amplicor PCR and in-house PCR for all of the specimens was 97.9% and 99.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Amplicor PCR was more sensitive than in-house PCR, but there was another problems such as high false positive rate and high cost. So PCR may certainly become very useful in microbiological laboratories if PCR method is selected according to the laboratory conditions.
DNA ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sputum* ; Tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: CO laser emiis energy in the mid portion of the infrared spectrum at a wavelengt,h of 10,600nm. The CO laser is the workhorse laser in the treatment of cuianeous disease. With water as the chromophore(light-absorbing compound), CO laser light is highy absorbed in biologic tissue. Human body tissue comprises between 75% to 90% of water. The CO laser is superficially absorbed by tissue water, with little scatter, limiting penetration into the skin to less than 0.1 mm. The beam can be delivered with a large spot size and low power density(defocus mode) or focused tightly with great power density(focused mode). AS A RESULT: the CO laser may be used both to vaporize and to cut tissue while coagulating blood vessels, providing a relatively bloodless su gical field. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutie effect of the CO laser on benign cutaneous tumors. MEHTODS: 114 cases of benign cutaneous tumors treated with the CO laser between October 1987 and September 1992 were subjected to detailed analysis, The CO later is Pizer Laser system(U.S.A., Ca) Model 20-C CO. The laser produces power output that ranges from 0 to 25 W of continuous wave. Spot size is variable, between 0.3mm and 2mm. RESULTS: 1. Angiofibromas and seborcheic keratoses showed very good response(95.3%, 92.8% ). 2. Syringomas showed a good esponse(82.8%). 3. Epidermal nevus and trichovpitheliomas showed a fair response(58.5%, 60%). 4. There were hypertrophic scars(10.5%) and transient hypopigmentation. CONCLUSION: The Co laser was a very effective modality for the treatment of benign cutaneous tumors such as angiofibromas, seborrheic keratosis and syringomas.
Angiofibroma ; Blood Vessels ; Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Human Body ; Hypopigmentation ; Keratosis ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Lasers, Gas* ; Nevus ; Skin ; Syringoma ; Water

This retrospective descriptive study was conducted to survey the needlestick injuries(NSI) in nurses and doctors. Thc subjccts of this study wcrc 351 nurscs and 199 doctors of four teaching hospitals. Pusan. The data was gathered from March, 18 to April 9. 1988 and analyzed though SPSSWIN progra n for frequency, percentile and X2-test. According to the results of the study, 85.5% of subjects had experienced NSI (94.4% of the nurses and 73.9% of the doctors). The ratio of the experience of NSI in nurses was significantly higher than that of doctors(X2=53.54, P=.00). Most needle-stick injuries occured during the administration of intravenous injection(36.7%) in nurses, on the other hand percutaneous venipuncture for blood sampling(35.3%), suturing(27.2%) in doctors. The most ccmmon situation of these NSI was recapping contaminated needles after treatment. Only 12.0% of nurses and 38.6% of doctors reported wearing gloves when the NSI happened. 26.1% of subjects reported that they could not identify the source patient after MI. The major reason of NSI were preeeived to be carelessness%1.4%). Of these NSI, 54.6% occured in :usy or emergency situations. Among the management for NSI, exam(8.6%), mefication(9.8%) and counseling(11.7%) and reporting(2,6%. is lower than bleeding(80.3%) from the wound, deaning( 63.3%), disinfection(91.3%) and reviewing the clinical records of the patients (82.3%). In conclusion, nurses and doctors are at a high-risk of needlestick injuries but substantially they are not good at preventing and managing NSI. So efforts to reduce NSI should be directed not only at improving procedural skills for intravenous catheter insertions, but also in increasing use of barrier protection such as gloves, and so on. Also immunization and educational efforts should be made along with better designs of needles to reduce the risk of NSI. Continuing prevention and training programs for NSI are needed in order to avoid unwanted infection.
Busan ; Catheters ; Dronabinol ; Education ; Emergencies ; Hand ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Immunization ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Phlebotomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Wounds and Injuries

We have studied male patients with cosmetic allergy in patch test during 5 years from September, 1982 to August, 1986 (Group A) and during 7 1/2 years from March, 1988 to August, 1995 (Group B). The results are as follows. 1. In Group A, 7 patients were diagnosed as contact allergy due to cosmetics. In Group 13, 30 patients were diagnosed as contact allergy to cosmetics. 2. Sixteen patients were positive to only cosmetic related allergens. Two patients were positive to only their own cosmetic products. Nineteen patients were positive to both cosmetic related allergens and their own cosmetic products. 3. The age of patients with cosmetic allergy ranged from 10 to 70 years with a peak in the fifties. The patients more than 50 years were about 40% of all patients. 4. The most frequently, affected area was face(n=31) followed by neck(n=6) and scalp (n = 6 ). 5. Twenty four patients with cosmetic allergy had eczematous skin lesions. Thirteen patients had pigmented skin lesions and pigmented contact dermatitis was suspected. Two out of 13 patients with pig men ted skin lesions were positive in photopatch test. 6. Cosmetic related allergens showing frequent positive reactions were paraphenylene-aliamine, fragnance mix, balsam of Peru, benzyl salicylate, amerchol L101, oakmoss absolute, musk muskene. 7. Cosmetic products showing frequent positive reactions were skin care products, hair dye, soap, after shave lotion, shampoo and toothpaste. In conclusion, cosmetic allergy in men seems to increase in our society.
Allergens ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Hair ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Male* ; Patch Tests ; Peru ; Scalp ; Skin ; Skin Care ; Soaps ; Toothpastes

No abstract available.
Antithrombin III* ; Female ; Fibronectins* ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced* ; Plasma* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Plasma* ; Reye Syndrome*

Genetic diversity of 21 Korean Phytophthora capsici isolates was analyzed by using several molecular markers such as random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD), M-13, microsatellite and random amplified microsatellite sequences(RAMS). The overall average similarity coefficient among the isolates was 86% based on the combined data obtained by the molecular markers. No molecular markers were found to be associated with hosts or geographic regions. In addition to RAPD, analysis based on repeated sequences such as (GTG)5, M-13 and RAMS could be used to assess population structure of P. capsici.
Genetic Variation* ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phytophthora*

Because deep forehead wrinkle is considered of concept against beauty, many considerations and trials to solve the problem has been done. Furthermore severely exaggerated forehead wrinkle that is accentuated with upward gaze, especially of younger persons is tremendous handicap socially and psychologically. In the persons with blepharoptosis, forehead wrinkle is created because of the compensatory action of frontalis muscle for the additional lift of inferiorly malpositioned upper eyelid. We experienced twenty three patients from February 1993 to April 1996. the average age of the patients was 22.5 years (range 15 to 34 years). There were 4 unilateral and 19 bilateral cases. Preoperative measurement of ptotic amount, levator function by Berke's method, and Margin limbal distance (MLD) were 2.1mm, 10.2mm, and 2.2mm respectively. And postoperative measurement of there were not ptotic, 14.2, and 6.2mm. We followed up 18 months in the mean. Most of the patients were corresponding to mild and borderline ptosis. We operated all the patients under the local anesthesia, which enable us to use the adjustable suture technique and overcome the pitfall of formular prediction. Simultaneously at the end of the procedure, double eyelid operations were done in the cases of oriental eye lid. As a results, correction of blepharoptosis, repositioning of abnormally elevated eyebrow, disappearance of forehead wrinkle, improvement of vision, and acquisition of adequate eyelid functionally and aesthetically were possible. On the other hand, we confronted 7 cases of mild complication. These were as follows ; transient lagophthalmost (4 cases), overcorrection(1 cases), unfercorrection(1 case), and asymmetry(1 case). Lagophthalmos was improved spontaneously after several months. We achieved satisfactory result using levator shortening without significant side effects and complications. This method is of great worth for the spontaneous resolution of the forehead wrinkle with undertectable blepharoptosis.
Anesthesia, Local ; Beauty ; Blepharoptosis ; Eyebrows ; Eyelids ; Forehead ; Hand ; Humans ; Suture Techniques