Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis frequently necessitate cholecystectomy. Experience is increasing with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a technique that avoids much of the morbidity, pain, prolonged hospital day, and recovery complications associated with the traditional approach. And the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was confirmed. Besides appendectomy, cholecystectomy is the second most common nonobstetric procedure performed in pregnant women. We have performed one case of a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the second trimester of pregnancy. Pregnancy was once a contraindication of laparoscopic operation, but no longer.
Appendectomy ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Cholecystitis ; Cholelithiasis ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women

Fractures of the distal radius are one of the most common injuries met in the orthopedic field. Once it was thought that good function comes despite of poor anatomic restoration in the distal radius fractures. But now there are wide consensus that more aggressive surgical treatments are needed in such complex fractures to fulfill the better clinical results. We reviewed 56 consecutive distal radius fractures of 54 patients treated surgically in Orthopedic Department of Asan Medical Center between October 1989 and July 1994. The mean length of follow-up was 29.2 months. Clinical end results were statistically analyzed according to each anatomi- cal variables and state of distal ulna, and anatomies and results were analyzed according to different surgical modalities in each fracture classes. Radial length and radial inclination was significantly correlated with clinical results. The clinical results were significantly worse when dorsal tilt exceeded 10. In intraarticular type of fractures, residual articular incongruency seems to be the significantly affecting factor of development of arthritis and the clinical result. The associated fracture of distal end of the ulna did not significantly affect the result. In same type of fracture class, achievement and loss of reduction, arthritis, and Demerit score show no significant differences between groups of different surgical modalities. Probably this is due to proper choice of modalities in each different situations.
Arthritis ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Consensus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Radius Fractures ; Radius ; Ulna

The acetabular angles were measured in 2 groups of selected 100 infants and children each, of whom one group aged 14 months and younger and the other group aged 15 months of 5 yrs. and who were proved to be normal by all the physical examination and whose acetabular angles were below 40 according to Coleman's diagnostic criteria. The measurements were broken down into right and left, and male and female because of the known difference in the incidence of CDH in 2 members of each of these paired categories and analysed statistically. The following statistic significances resulted: l. All the measured normal acetabular angles vary between 10 and 31 degrees. 2. The acetabular angles decrease after weight bearing by the statistical significant difference between 0-14 mo. group and 15 mo-5yr. group. The angles are 22,61±3,47 (M±S,D) and 18.68±3.64 (M±S.D) respectively. 3. The acetabular angles of female of 15mo.-5yr. group are higher than male by the statistical significant difference. The angles are 17.77±3.54 (M±S.D) and 20.18±3.29 (M±S.D) respectively. 4. Statistical significant differences were absent between right and left.
Acetabulum ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Temporal Lobe*

Death by drowning is a major cause of unnatural death worldwide. It is therefore important to conduct forensic examination of immersed bodies following drowning, in order to determine the diagnosis of drowning, because no specific methods have been established thus far. Therefore, we performed a series of rat experiments to compare autopsy findings between seawater and fresh water drowning cases, which included the presence of pleural effusion and histologic findings of the lung. The results showed that the volume of pleural effusion increased in the seawater drowning group compared to the fresh water drowning group, and the total weight of lung was affected by the type of drowning medium and postmortem interval. However, histologic findings of the lung showed no significant difference between the 2 types of drowning mediums.
Animals ; Autopsy ; Drowning ; Fresh Water ; Lung ; Pleural Effusion ; Rats ; Seawater

No abstract available.
Humans*

No abstract available.
Knee Joint* ; Knee*

This study examined the roles of the initial level of muscle glycogen content and available substrate on glycogen repletion in muscle. The rats were randomly assigned to normal, starvation and exercise groups. The glycogen content of muscle was lowered by starvation and exercise for the purpose of this experiment. The normal rats remained sedentary in their cage without any restriction of food and water. The exercise and starvation groups were divided each group into two subgroups depending on the degree of stress, i.e. 16 and 64 hours starvation, and 30 minutes and 2 hours exercise loading. All experimental aninals sacrificed 9~10 O'clock in the morning. The glycogen content of gastrocnemius and liver were 0.416+0.0433 and 1.70+0.410gm/100gm wet tissue in normal rats, respectively. The glycogen content of gastrocnemius in stravaton groups was reduced to 83.5 and 75.5% of the values of normal groups by starvation for 16 and 64 hours, respectively. In exercise group, the content of glycogen was reduced to 63.7 and 49.8% of the normal group by 30 minutes and 2 hours exercise loading, respectively, After above exercise loading and forced starvation, glucose, 2.0gm/100gm body weight was ingested, and 2 hours later the glycogen content was determined to evaluate the role of initial level of muscle glycogen content on the repletion in gastrocnemius, and the different amount of glucose, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0mg/100gm body weight, was given orally, and 2 hours later the glycogen content of gastrocnemius was determined to evaluate the role of available substrate on the glycogen repleted in muscle of the lowest initial glycogen content, and the larger the amount of glucose ingestion, the larger amount of glycogen repletion in muscle. The experiment demonstrates that the reducing level of muscle glycogen and increased amount of available substrate are the important factors for the acceleration of muscle glycogen repletion, and in the aspect of repletion of glycogen, the repletion rate of liver glycogen is 2~5 times faster than that of muscle, whereas there is no difference of repletion rate of liver glycogen between starvation and exercise groups.
Acceleration ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Eating ; Glucose ; Glycogen ; Liver ; Liver Glycogen ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Rats ; Starvation ; Water

No abstract available.
Graves Disease* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Hyperlipidemias* ; Hypertension* ; Mass Screening*