BACKGROUND: Disinfection is essential for the prevention of hospital infection. HICLO-S (Soosan environment Co., Yongin, Korea), one of the electrolyzed oxidized water was recently developed as a disinfectant. This is not costly and does not cause any clinical problems and environmental pollution. We evaluated the disinfective activity of HICLO-S against several clinical isolates of bacteria and yeasts. METHODS: 25 strains of bacteria and two strains of yeast were exposed to HICLO-S (30 & 50 ppm HICLO-S) disinfectant for the various periods (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 15, 20 minutes). After the exposure to HICLO-S disinfectant, 0.01 mL of mixture of microorganisms and HICLO-S was inoculated into brain-heart infusion broth or onto Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated at 35degrees C for 48hours. RESULTS: All strains of bacteria and yeast were killed within 30 seconds after an exposure to 30 ppm of HICLO-S. All of three strains of spore forming Bacillus subtilis were killed within 4 minutes after an exposure to 30ppm of HICLO-S, but all of three strains were killed within 30 seconds in 50 ppm of HICLO-S. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that HICLO-S disinfectant was effective for the disinfection of commonly isolated bacteria and yeast from hospital, but less effective against spore-forming bacteria. It may be recommended that HICLO-S should he used for the effective disinfection of skin, instruments and hospital floors.
Agar ; Bacillus subtilis ; Bacteria ; Cross Infection ; Disinfection ; Environmental Pollution ; Glucose ; Gyeonggi-do ; Skin ; Spores ; Water ; Yeasts

Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis frequently necessitate cholecystectomy. Experience is increasing with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a technique that avoids much of the morbidity, pain, prolonged hospital day, and recovery complications associated with the traditional approach. And the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was confirmed. Besides appendectomy, cholecystectomy is the second most common nonobstetric procedure performed in pregnant women. We have performed one case of a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the second trimester of pregnancy. Pregnancy was once a contraindication of laparoscopic operation, but no longer.
Appendectomy ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Cholecystitis ; Cholelithiasis ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women

No abstract available.
Lymphocytes*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Flow Cytometry*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Flow Cytometry*

The success and rapid spread of laparoscopic cholecystectomy have prompt the application of laparoscopic approach to abdominal surgical problems. As better in- strumentation is introduced, more complicated surgical procedrues will be performed. In some hematologic disorders, splenectomy was required to cope with these disorders. So laparoscopic splenectomy also has been perfomed inspite of several specific difficulties for handling and mobilization of a parenchymatous organ and the retrieval of the specimen. We experienced a case of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura which was treated safely and successfully by laparoscopic splenectomy in 35-year-old female. This technique allows the patient to return to normal activity sooner than with open splenectomy.
Adult ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Female ; Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic* ; Splenectomy*

BACKGROUND: The risk of rubella infection is higher among hospital employees than others because of more exposure to rubella viruses. Because rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome, special preventive measures should be taken for female employees in the hospital. METHODS: 309 employees in Soonchunhyang Kumi Hospital, aged from 18 to 45 years old, were included this study. Rubella IgG antibody was detected by the method of MEIA (microparticle enzyme immunoassay). And non-immunized employees were received by Wister RA 27/3 rubella vaccination and rechecked rubella antibody titers at 2 months later after vaccination. RESULTS: Among 309 subjects, 276(89.3%) were positive for rubella IgG antibody. The overall mean titer of rubella antibody was 72 IU/mL (SD: 67 IU/mL). The rubella antibody in titer decreased gradually with aging. The seroconversion rate after vaccination was 100%(28/28). CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend that the employees susceptible to rubella or all employees in the hospital should be vaccinated for preventing rubella.
Aging ; Cross Infection* ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital ; Rubella Vaccine ; Rubella virus* ; Rubella* ; Vaccination*

No abstract available.
Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor*

Because deep forehead wrinkle is considered of concept against beauty, many considerations and trials to solve the problem has been done. Furthermore severely exaggerated forehead wrinkle that is accentuated with upward gaze, especially of younger persons is tremendous handicap socially and psychologically. In the persons with blepharoptosis, forehead wrinkle is created because of the compensatory action of frontalis muscle for the additional lift of inferiorly malpositioned upper eyelid. We experienced twenty three patients from February 1993 to April 1996. the average age of the patients was 22.5 years (range 15 to 34 years). There were 4 unilateral and 19 bilateral cases. Preoperative measurement of ptotic amount, levator function by Berke's method, and Margin limbal distance (MLD) were 2.1mm, 10.2mm, and 2.2mm respectively. And postoperative measurement of there were not ptotic, 14.2, and 6.2mm. We followed up 18 months in the mean. Most of the patients were corresponding to mild and borderline ptosis. We operated all the patients under the local anesthesia, which enable us to use the adjustable suture technique and overcome the pitfall of formular prediction. Simultaneously at the end of the procedure, double eyelid operations were done in the cases of oriental eye lid. As a results, correction of blepharoptosis, repositioning of abnormally elevated eyebrow, disappearance of forehead wrinkle, improvement of vision, and acquisition of adequate eyelid functionally and aesthetically were possible. On the other hand, we confronted 7 cases of mild complication. These were as follows ; transient lagophthalmost (4 cases), overcorrection(1 cases), unfercorrection(1 case), and asymmetry(1 case). Lagophthalmos was improved spontaneously after several months. We achieved satisfactory result using levator shortening without significant side effects and complications. This method is of great worth for the spontaneous resolution of the forehead wrinkle with undertectable blepharoptosis.
Anesthesia, Local ; Beauty ; Blepharoptosis ; Eyebrows ; Eyelids ; Forehead ; Hand ; Humans ; Suture Techniques

No abstract available.
Nasolabial Fold*