No abstract available.
Nitric Oxide*

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Education* ; Health Behavior*

No abstract available.
Pancreatic Polypeptide*

Multiple basal cell epithelioma on the face is a rare disease and the lesions are hard to indistinguish from multiple trichoepithelioma. The 15-year-old school girl has been suffered from multiple small pea-sized, slightly waxy appearing skin lesions on the face for 4 years. She has no history of arsenic ingestion; irradia tion and previous dermatoses. Physical examination and X-ray films (chest, mandibule and skull) showed no pathological findings. Biopsy findings revealed basal cell epithelioma cells.
Adolescent ; Arsenic ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Rare Diseases ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; X-Ray Film

Lidex(Fluacinonide) 0.05% in FAPG base is a new fluorinated topical corticosteroid. 30 patients with different steroid responsive dermatoaes were treated with 0. 05% Lidex. The diagnosis included atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, neurodermatitis, seborheic dermatitis, nummular eczema, psoriasis vulgaris, chronic eczema and pustulosis pahmaris et plantaris. In the majority of cases Lidex cream produced excellent to good result(70%) after unoccluded application 3 times daily for 10 days. Two patients complained burning or itching sensation after the initial application of Lidex. 0.05% Lidex was compared with 0. 25% Desoxymethasone cream and 0. 25% Fluocortolone cream and was found slightly more effective in Lidex.
Burns ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Desoximetasone ; Diagnosis ; Eczema ; Fluocinonide* ; Fluocortolone ; Humans ; Neurodermatitis ; Pruritus ; Psoriasis ; Sensation

We report a case of atrophie blanche which was accompanied by cryoglobulinemia. The patient, 17-year-old female, have had recurrent painful ulcerations and ivory-white atrophic scars with telangiectases surrounded by hyperpigmentation. On histological examination, vessel wall thickening and hyalinization of the intima, partial vascular occlusion, vascular proliferation and mild perivascular chronic inflammatory cells infiltration and hemorrhage in the upper dermis were noted. The patient had been treated with dipyridarnol(Persantin) and acetylsalicylic acid hut the lesions had been waxed and waned.
Adolescent ; Aspirin ; Cicatrix ; Cryoglobulinemia* ; Dermis ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hyperpigmentation ; Telangiectasis ; Ulcer

Both irritation and staining reaction of anthralin on the skin are the two most important problem of therapy. Irritation, such as erythema, edema and staining by p. lg anthralin ointment were studied with the chamber-testing technique in 21 psoriatic patients. We campared the skin reaction of short exposure time, such as 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours with those of exposure of 24 hours through 3 days after application. The results were as follows: l. Incidence of erytherna reaction was 81.9% in exposure of 1 hour, 85.7%, in 2 hours, 90.5%, in 3 hours and 100% in exposure of 24 hours. Degree of erythema reaction was increased according to duration of application. 2. There were no edematous reactions in exposure of 1 hour or 2 hours, 9,5% in 3 hours and 28,6% of grade 1 reaction in 24 hours. 3. There was no staining reaction in exposure of 1 hour, 48% in 2 hours, 9.5%, in 3 hours and 71.4% in 24 hours. Degree of staining reaction elicited by short exposure time were all weaker than reaction caused by 24 hours exposure.
Anthralin* ; Edema ; Erythema ; Humans ; Incidence ; Skin*

To make the objective standard of nuclear size in grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, we measured maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections from 65 cases by using computer-based image analysis system (Optimas 6.0). The maximal diameter of red blood cells were also measured to evaluate the ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells. The mean values of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections were 7.56microgram, 7.53microgram in nuclear grade 1, 8.92+/-0.98microgram, 9.02+/-0.74microgram in nuclear grade 2, and 12.90+/-1.47prn, 12.44+/-1.41microgram in nuclear grade 3, respectively. There were no significant differences between values of imprint cytology and histologic section. The ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells were 1.3-1.4:1 in nuclear grade 1, 1.6-1.7:1 in nuclear grade 2, and 2.2-2.3:1 in nuclear grade 3. Ths would be guidelines for grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast on routine surgical pathology work.
Breast ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Erythrocytes ; Pathology, Surgical ; Purpura*

BACKGROUNDS : Infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have been reported with increasing frequency in many parts of the world. However, VRE infection is still very rare in Korea. To assess the potential risk of VRE infection in a hospital where such infection is rarely reported, we screened hospitalized patients for fecal colonization with VRE and performed a clinical and epidemiological investigation of VRE colonization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened 405 stool specimens from in- and outpatients for the presence of enterococci using EnterococcoselTM agar (BBLR, USA). Dark-brown or black colonies were tested for enterococci and speciated, followed by confirmation for vancomycin resistance using brain-heart infusion agar containing vancomycin (6microgram/mL). Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by agar dilution, disk diffusion, and Vitek GPS-IZ. We also performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after SmaI digestion of DNA and polymerase chain reaction for detection of vanA, B and C. To define risk factors for colonization, we reviewed the medical records of patients colonized with VRE or vancomycin- susceptible enterococci (VSE). RESULTS: Twelve (4.1%) of 295 hospitalized patients were colonized with VRE. Six were identified as Enterococcus(E) faecium, 2 each as E. faecalis and E. gallinarum, and 1 each as E. casseliflavus and E. avium. In contrast, only one(0.9%) VRB (E. casseliflavus) was isolated from outpatients. Patients in the intensive careunit (5.4%) and patients whose stool specimens were submitted for Clostridium difficile toxin assay (6.8%) were colonized at higher rate than other inpatients (2.5%), but not at a statistically significant level. Three strains had high-level resistance to van comycin(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC>256microgram/mL), and the others had low-level resistance (MIC8-16microgram/mL) by agar dilution. But disk diffusion method and Vitek system had problems in detecting some strains with low-level resistance. PFGE patterns of VRE were diverse, suggesting that VRE have been introduced from multiple sources. The vans gene was detected in 3 isolates and vanC gene was found in 9 isolates. Compared with the patients with VSE colonization, patients with VRE had a significantly longer hospital stay, had more frequent invasive procedures or therapeutic interventions such as ventilator, total parenteral nutrition and hemodialysis, showed renal insufficiency more frequently, and were more likely to have received ciprofloxacin or clindamycin therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of VRE infection remains low in Korea, the findings from this study indicate that VRE are not uncommon intestinal colonizers among hospitalized patients. Strict infection control measures including screening for VRE, especially those from patients at risk, close surveillance, judicious use of antibiotics and patient isolation must be implemented to prevent infection and transmission of VRE.
Agar ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ciprofloxacin ; Clindamycin ; Clostridium difficile ; Colon* ; Diffusion ; Digestion ; DNA ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infection Control ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Outpatients ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Patient Isolation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Risk Factors ; Vancomycin ; Vancomycin Resistance ; Ventilators, Mechanical

BACKGROUNDS : Infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have been reported with increasing frequency in many parts of the world. However, VRE infection is still very rare in Korea. To assess the potential risk of VRE infection in a hospital where such infection is rarely reported, we screened hospitalized patients for fecal colonization with VRE and performed a clinical and epidemiological investigation of VRE colonization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened 405 stool specimens from in- and outpatients for the presence of enterococci using EnterococcoselTM agar (BBLR, USA). Dark-brown or black colonies were tested for enterococci and speciated, followed by confirmation for vancomycin resistance using brain-heart infusion agar containing vancomycin (6microgram/mL). Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by agar dilution, disk diffusion, and Vitek GPS-IZ. We also performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after SmaI digestion of DNA and polymerase chain reaction for detection of vanA, B and C. To define risk factors for colonization, we reviewed the medical records of patients colonized with VRE or vancomycin- susceptible enterococci (VSE). RESULTS: Twelve (4.1%) of 295 hospitalized patients were colonized with VRE. Six were identified as Enterococcus(E) faecium, 2 each as E. faecalis and E. gallinarum, and 1 each as E. casseliflavus and E. avium. In contrast, only one(0.9%) VRB (E. casseliflavus) was isolated from outpatients. Patients in the intensive careunit (5.4%) and patients whose stool specimens were submitted for Clostridium difficile toxin assay (6.8%) were colonized at higher rate than other inpatients (2.5%), but not at a statistically significant level. Three strains had high-level resistance to van comycin(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC>256microgram/mL), and the others had low-level resistance (MIC8-16microgram/mL) by agar dilution. But disk diffusion method and Vitek system had problems in detecting some strains with low-level resistance. PFGE patterns of VRE were diverse, suggesting that VRE have been introduced from multiple sources. The vans gene was detected in 3 isolates and vanC gene was found in 9 isolates. Compared with the patients with VSE colonization, patients with VRE had a significantly longer hospital stay, had more frequent invasive procedures or therapeutic interventions such as ventilator, total parenteral nutrition and hemodialysis, showed renal insufficiency more frequently, and were more likely to have received ciprofloxacin or clindamycin therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of VRE infection remains low in Korea, the findings from this study indicate that VRE are not uncommon intestinal colonizers among hospitalized patients. Strict infection control measures including screening for VRE, especially those from patients at risk, close surveillance, judicious use of antibiotics and patient isolation must be implemented to prevent infection and transmission of VRE.
Agar ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ciprofloxacin ; Clindamycin ; Clostridium difficile ; Colon* ; Diffusion ; Digestion ; DNA ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infection Control ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Outpatients ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Patient Isolation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Risk Factors ; Vancomycin ; Vancomycin Resistance ; Ventilators, Mechanical