Objective To study the effect of PPAR-r agonist Troglitazone on the mPGEs expression induced by high glucose in rat mesangial cells. Methods Rat mesangial cells were incubated with high glucose at presence or absence of different concentrations of Troglitanzone, and the mPGEs concentration in supernatant was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results 5% glucose could obviously induce the mPGEs expression in the rat mesangial cells (P

Objective To study the effect of calcium on human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Methods Proliferation abilities of HPMCs were assessed by tetrazolium salt colorimetry assay (MTT assay) and the levels of LDH in the supernatant were detected in all groups to evaluate the damage of HPMCs. The expression of TNF-α in cytoplasm was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Calcium enhanced proliferation of HPMCs in a time-dependent manor(P＜0.01), especially calcium with 1.25 mmol/L(0.5098±0.016,0.6763±0.048) and 1.0 mmol/L(0.4853±0.016,0.6678±0.076). Calcium with different concentrations significantly increased the levels of LDH in HPMCs in a time-dependent manor, while the effect of calcium with 1.25 mmol/L was lowest(17.78±1.18,23.60±1.39,P＜0.01). Calcium with 2.0 mmol/L[(42.61±3.29)%] and 1.75 mmol/L[(33.32±1.88)%] significantly up-regulated the expression of TNF-α(P＜0.01) . Conclusions High calcium damaged HPMCs and up-regulated the expression of TNF-αby HPMCs, while physical calcium (1.25 mmol/L)can protect peritoneum and prevent peritoneal fibrosis.

Objective To investigat the symptom burden of patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and explore the influencing factors of them,in order to provide the basis for improving the quality of life of these patients.Methods A total of 230 patients with MHD were enrolled in Xiangtan Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2016,the general condition and disease-related data of them were collected,and the symptom burden of them over the past week was assessed by improved symptom burden scale.Results ① The average age of these patients were (56.8 ± 14.1)years,the sex ratio for men and women was 1.37∶ 1,the median time of dialysis was 24 months,and the frequency of dialysis was (9.16 ± 2.36)times;② The symptom score in MHD patients was (65.72 ± 28.46)points,the top 5 symptoms which had higher incidence were fatigue (72.2％),dry mouth (63.5％),itching (61.3％),falling asleep difficultly (54.3％),drying (49.2％),the top 5 symptoms which were more troubling were restless legs syndrome (2.54 ± 0.73),falling asleep difficultly (2.48 ± 0.83),bone/joint pain (2.45 ± 0.69),fatigue (2.31 ±0.77),easy to wake up (2.16 ±0.78);③ Age,sex,occupation,dialysis age,inorganicphosphorus and serum calcium had an effect on the symptom burden of MHD patients (P ＜ 0.05).Condusions We should focus on patients who are older,female,retired or no occupation,longer dialysis age,calcium or phosphorus metabolism disorders,provide targeted care and treatment,in order to reduce the symptom burden and improve the life quality of them.

Object To investigate the chemical constituents of Epimedium koreanum Nakai.Methods Separation was performed by HPLC on a Merck LiChroCAR analytical column with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid as gradient eluent at the flow rate of 1 mL/min, the UV detection was set at 270 nm and TIC was recorded by an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer in positive mode. Results Nine compounds were identified by HPLC-MS2. Conclusion The method is rapid and accurate to identify the chemical constituents of the natural product.

Objective To make sure the effect of dialysate composition on HPMCs.Methods Cell strains were subculturing.There are six groups in this experiment: Group 1(control);group 2(4.25% Glucose);group 3(1.75mmol/L Ca~(2+));group 4(1.25 mmol/L Ca~(2+));group 5(4.25% Glucose+1.75mmol/L Ca~(2+));group 6(4.25% Glucose+1.25mmol/L Ca~(2+)).The capacity of proliferation of HPMCs was assessed by MTT assay. Results Proliferation of HPMCs was inhibited in 4.25% glucose group in time dependence.Ca~(2+) induce proliferation of HPMCs,however,no effect on proliferation of HPMCs exists in different Ca~(2+) group.Conclusion High glucose can inhibit cell proliferation;Ca~(2+)(1.75mmol/L,1.25mmol/L) can promote the proliferation and 1.25mmol/L is better.

Objective To detect the expression of serum microRNA (miR)-192 in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients and investigate its effects on DN. Methods The serum levels of miR-192 and miR-210 in DN patients,diabetic patients without renal injury and healthy people were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Down-stream target genes were predicted using TargetScan software and further confirmed by gain of function and loss of function studies in vitro.Mesangial cells were treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1,then miR-192 expressions of cells and supernatant were examined as well. Results Serum miR-192 level significantly decreased in DN patients compared with healthy people (0.41 ±0.09 vs 1.00±0.00,P＜0.01) and diabetic patients without renal injury,while the serum miR-210 levels were not significantly different among three groups.Bioinformatics analysis results showed that some target genes were involved in TGF-β signal pathway.ZBP1,IGF-1 and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ ) were chosen and confirmed by Western blotting,which were regulated by miR-192.TGF-β1 decreased the expression of miR-192 in both cells and cell culture supematants. Conclusion Serum miR-192 may promote the progress of DN by regulating TGF-β1 signaling pathway and may be used as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of DN depending on its certain specificity.

Objective To explore the application value of detection of Mycoplasma,Chlamydia and anti-sperm antibodies for male infertility.Methods Culture method,immune chromatography,and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were adopted for the detection of Mycoplasma,Chlamydia,and anti-sperm antibodies respectively in 102 cases of infertile males and 42 cases fertile males.And the routine semen analysis was proceed as well.All the subjects were divided into 4 groups according to the detection re-sults:simple Mycoplasma or/and Chlamydia positive group(71 cases),simple anti-sperm antibodies positive group(21 cases),My-coplasma and Chlamydia or/and anti-sperm antibodies positive group(8 cases),Mycoplasma,Chlamydia and anti-sperm antibodies negative group(44 cases).The main indexes of semen routine were compared among 4 groups.Results The positive rates of Myco-plasma,Chlamydia and anti-sperm antibodies in infertile males were significantly higher than those of fertile males (P <0.05).The sperm densities,activity rates,activity of simple Mycoplasma or/and Chlamydia positive group,simple anti-sperm antibodies posi-tive group,and Mycoplasma and Chlamydia or /and anti-sperm antibodies positive group were significantly lower than the nega-tive group,while the sperm malformation rates,liquefaction times,white blood cell counts of the three groups were significantly higher than the negative group(P <0.05 ).Conclusion Mycoplasma,Chlamydia infection and anti-sperm antibodies production have significant effect on the indexes of semen,which cause decline in semen quality and the occurrence of male infertility.

Objective: To observe an abnormal expression of humoral immune response induced by memory B cells in tonsils and peripheral blood of patients with IgA nephropathy ( IgAN) , the variation of memory B cells after tonsillectomy , and to discover the role of tonsillectomy in IgAN .Methods: In the study , 28 patients were diagnosed as IgAN via renal biopsy , and 27 patients suffering from chronic ton-sillitis without nephritis and 10 normal human beings were selected as controls .The expression of memory B cells in the tonsils and peripheral blood was tested by flow cytometry , and the same method was used to test the variation of the expression of memory B cells in peripheral blood of patients with IgAN after tonsil -lectomy.Results:In this study , higher percentages of memory B cells were observed in tonsil and pe-ripheral blood of IgAN patients, which were 5.72%±5.26%, 4.92%±5.10%.After tonsillectomy, the percentage of memory B cells was 1 .10%±0 .65%, lower than that before tonsillectomy ( P <0.05).Meanwhile, in tonsils and peripheral blood , the percentage of memory B cells varied with the variation of the urinary findings of the IgAN patients .Conclusion:The percentage of memory B cell in tonsils and peripheral blood could predict disease progression of IgAN to a certain extent .

Objec0tive To investigate the molecular mechanism of the mal-production of IgA and IgA1 by tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMCs) in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients by measuring the mRNA expression of Iα-Cα germline transcript and the mRNA and protein expression of activated induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in cultured TMCs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or hemolytic streptococcus (HS) in IgAN patients as well as the chronic tonsilitis patients. Methods Twent-seven IgAN patients admitted into our hospital from Jan.2009 to Feb.2010 were enrolled.Twent-seven patients with chronic tonsillitis without renal disease were selected as control.Tonsillar mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation in lymphocyte separation medium.The amount of IgA or IgA1 secreted in the culture supernatants was determined by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Expressions of Iα-Cα germline transcript and AID mRNA were examined by real-time PCR.The AID protein was determined by Western blot. Results The production of IgA and IgA1 protein,especially the ratio of IgA1/IgA and the expression of AID protein in TMCs were significantly increased in IgAN group compared with chronic tonsillitis group (all P＜0.05).The IgA and IgA1 level of stimulated TMCs were obviously increased in patients with IgAN compared with control group (P＜0.05).And the expressions of Iα-Cα mRNA,AID mRNA and AID protein were up-regulated significantly in stimulated TMCs (all P＜0.05). Conclusions Both LPS and HS can induce the production of IgA and IgA1 and up-regulate the expressions of AID and Iα-Cα in TMCs of IgAN patients.Our results indicate that the TMCs are capable of producing high level of IgA and IgA1 stimulated by LPS or HS,whuch may be due to the　 incression of AID and Iα-Cα.

Objective To examine the expression of IgA1 and B1a positive cells in palatine tonsils of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients, and to analyze the association between B1a cells and clinicopathological changes. Methods Eight patients diagnosed as IgAN by renal biopsy and 8 chronic tonsillitis patients without nephritis as control were enrolled in the study.Immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) were applied to observe the localization and quantitative calculation of Bla and IgA1 positive cells. Statistic analysis of the association of B1a cells with proteinuria and pathological Lee's grading was performed. Results Bla cells were mainly localized in germinal center of tonsil, and IgA1 positive cells were mainly localized in subepithelium of tonsil. Compared to control group, the percent of B1a cells and IgA1 positive cells was significantly higher in IgAN (P＜0.01). There was a positive correlation between Bla cells and IgA1 cells (P＜0.05). In IgAN, the percent of B1a cells in patients with hematuria and proteinuria was obviously higher than that of patients with hematuria only (P＜0.05). The number of Bla cells in IgAN patients with≥Lee's grade Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of those ＜ grade Ⅲ (P＜0.05). Conclusions IgA1 may be secreted by Bla cells in the tonsil of IgAN patients. The number of B1a cells is correlated with exacerbation of proteinuria and pathological severity, which may play an important role in pathogenesis of IgAN.