Increasing hepatic vascular resistance and glycogenolysis are two principal effects induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the liver. In addition, PAF is closely related with hepatic injury of ischemia-reperfusion and endotoxin. The progress is reviewed.

An analysis of the present development of general practitioners in China,probed into the bottlenecks found.The paper proposed to set forth from the training,use and incentives of GPs to promote the systematic design of China's GP system.These measures center on the regulation of GPs development,while building a multi-channel and multi-level GP development system.Other recommendations include raising the professional standing and attractiveness of GPs as a discipline,and enhancing GPs capacity building to promote general practitioners development.

Objective To assess the value of transcatheter superselective arterial embolization in treatment of renal traumatic hemorrhage. Methods 20 patients underwent digital subtraction angiography with definite diagnosis before embolization. Embolization materials used in the study were gelfoam sponge chips and steel coils including 14 cases of segmental arteries with their branches through superselective renal arterial embolization. 6 cases were treated by selective renal arterial embolization. Results After renal artery embolization, macroscopic hematurin disappeared on 3th to 5th day after the procedure. With an average of 29 months of follow-up, there was no recurrent hemorrhage associated with normal renal function and blood pressure. Conclusions Superselective renal arterial embolization has advantages of less aggression, less complications, and good hemostatic efficacy, with maximal preservation of renal tissue and function for treatment of mild and moderate renal injuries.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of combing the application of transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) with concentration of 100 ng/μl and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for recovering rabbit facial nerve transverse trauma.Methods Thirty-six healthy adult Zelanian rabbits of clean-grade were selected and randomly divided into group DPSCs+TGF-β3 (experimental group), group TGF-β3 (control group 1) and group PBS (control group 2) with 12 rabbits in each group.The operations for all three groups were applied at rabbit's left cheek.A model of traumatic transection was set on upper buccal branch, then 100 ng/μl TGF-β3 solution and 0.1 ml of 1 ×108/L DPSCs suspension were added into regeneration chamber for the experimental group, while the same amount of 100 ng/μl TGF-β3 solution was added for group TGF-β3 and the same amount of PBS for group PBS.The recovery of facial nerve regeneration with the prepared animal's specimen was evaluated in the 1st, 4th and 12th week after the operation on sacrificed rabbits.Results The effects on nerve regeneration recovery for the experimental group was superior to that of control groups 1 and 2 with all the 36 models included in the result analysis, and that of control group 1 was superior to that of control group 2, which was getting better with the extension of time.Conclusions The combined application of TGF-β3 and DPSCs can effectively promote the facial nerve regeneration, which is better than that of single application of TGF-β3.Meanwhile, the effect with TGFβ3 application is better than that with application of PBS.

Objective To investigate the effects of ghrelin on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC)and the expression of mitochondrial fusion 2(Mfn-2)in cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells(HASMCs).Methods HASMCs were cultured in vitro,treated with different concentrations(10-9,10-8,10-7,10-6,10-5 mol/L)ghrelin or 10-6 mol/L ghrelin for different time(0,6,12,18,24 h).Subconfluent HASMCs at passage 4-6 were used in experiments.MTT essay was used to investigate the effect on proliferation of HASMCs.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to analyse the expression of Mfn-2.Results 10-7-10-5 mol/L ghrelin inhibited the proliferation of HASMCs,and the inhibitory effect of concentration of 10-6 mol/L was the most obvious(P<0.01).Ghrelin inhibited the proliferation of HASMCs in 6-24 h,and it reached the peak at 24 h(P<0.01).10-6 mol/L ghrelin significantly increased the expression of Mfn-2 mRNA and protein(P<0.01).The up-regulation of 10-6 mol/L ghrelin on Mfn-2 mRNA and protein expression reached the peak at 18 h(P<0.01).Conclusion Ghrelin might inhibit the proliferation of HASMC by up-regulating the expression of Mfn-2.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of using transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) combined with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on the regeneration of rabbit facial nerve.MethodsSixteen New Zealand adult rabbits were selected randomly.These rabbits were divided into three groups (TGF-β3 and DPSCs treated group,TGF-β3 control group and PBS control group.treatment group (silicone guidance channel with collagen protein sponge were filled with TGF-β3 and DPSCs),TGF-β3 control group (silicone guidance channel with collagen protein sponge were filled with TGF-β3) and PBS control group(silicone guidance channel with collagen protein sponge were filled with PBS).After 3 months,a series of examinations were performed,including gross morphology,histological staining,neuroelectrophysiological tset.ResultsIn the experimental group,the diameter of the regenerating nerve and near distal nerve stem were almost the same.There were no formation of neuroma.The adventitial angiogenesis was rich and with tough texture.3 months after operation,in the experimental group,the facial nerve membrane integrity,nerve fibers arranged in neat rows,form a more complete,myelin swelling.The total number of regeneration of nerve fibers in the experimental group were more than of control groups,statistical analysis was significant (P＜0.05).Diameter of regenerating nerve fibers in the experimental group were greater than that of control groups,statistical analysis was significant (P＜0.05).The ultra-thin section showed that the regenerated fibers in the treatment group were mainly myelinated never fiber.The layer structure of myelin sheath was clear,and there were rich organells axoplasma.The neuroelectrophysiological examinations revealed that the latency of nerve and muscle action conduction in the treatment group was shorter than that of the control groups,the treatment group:(1.96±0.32) ms,the TGF-β3 control group:(2.35±0.41) ms,the PBS control group:(3.42±0.55) ms.The wave amplitude of nerve and muscle action conduction in the treatment group was obviously higher than that of control groups,the treatment group:(11.06±3.25) mV,the TGF-β3 control group:(8.40± 1.68) mV,the PBS control group:(4.62±0.77) mV.ConclusionThe combination of TGF-β3 and DPSCs can improve the effects on the repair of facial nerve injury.

The body surface area of adult Chinese males was estimated by using paper cast method.56 healthy individuals, aged 18 to 45, coming from thirteen provinces mostly from Hebei and Hubei were used in this study. From the results obtained, the mean body weight, height and surface area were 59.78kg, 168.8 cm and 1.712 m2 respectively. A height-weight equation for estimating body surface area was derived accordingly, i.e. body surface area(m2)= 0.00607H(cm) + 0.0127W(kg)-0.0689. The error of the value calculated from the equation was 0.17% higher than the value actually taken on an average. The percentage of various body regions to the total body surface area was as follows: head, 6.11; trunk (including neck), 29.59; upper arms, 8.09; forearms, 6.41; hands, 4.93; thighs (including buttock), 24.63; calf, 13.29 and feet, 6.95.For convenient use a table for calculation was given.

Forty cases of type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus were treated by puncturing point Neiguan (PC 6), and the effect on their cardiac vegetative nerve functions were observed at 20 min, 40 min and 60 min after acupuncture respectively. The findings showed that all heart rate variables improved remarkably at the three time periods after acupuncture treatment, with significant differences (P＜0.01); but there was no significant difference in the curative effects among the three time periods.

AIM: To observe skeletal muscle damage of mdx mice after overload exercise, and protection to muscle damage induced by exercise due to myoblast transplantation (MTT). METHODS: Muscle samples of C 57 mice were minced and digested with trypsin, and myoblasts were cultured ex vivo , purified and detected by immunohistochemistry stains. The myoblasts were injected into muscle of left limb of mdx mice, whereas the right limb was injected with DMEM liquid as control. Mice were submitted to exercise for 3 days starting 1 month after MTT, and then Evans blue was injected intravenously through the tail vein. The muscle cryostat sections of mdx mice were made, and then detected the immunofluorescence of dystrophin. Under a fluorescence microscope, the number of fiber stained with Evans blue and dystrophin was counted, analyzed quantitatively with image software. RESULTS: Under a fluorescence microscope, only 10 37%?2 87% muscle fibers in the myoblast grafted muscles were stained with Evans blue. In contrast, 26 82%?14 85% muscle fibers in right control muscles were stained. Significant differences between these two groups were showed ( P

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of oligomeric grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac remodeling in rats. ISO was given subcutaneously (5 mg x kg(-1), sc, 7 days) to induce cardiac remodeling in rats. Therapeutic groups were given GSP (50, 100, and 150 mg x kg(-1)) after ISO treatment. After 2 weeks intervention, heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (+/- dp/dt(max)) were examined. The myocardial hypertrophy index was expressed as heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) and left ventricle weight/body weight (LVW/BW), the histological changes were investigated by HE and Van Gieson stain. SOD activity and MDA content in serum, contents of hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the left ventricular tissue were assayed by xanthinoxidase method, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method and alkaline hydrolysis method, respectively. After the onset of ISO-treatment, GSP therapy potently improved cardiac function, inhibited myocardial hypertrophy, improved cardiac pathology change, decreased the myocardial cross-section area (CSA), collagen volume fraction (CVF) and perivascular circumferential collagen area (PVCA), reduced the content of Hyp in the left ventricular tissue, inhibited the decrease of SOD activity and increase of MDA content in serum. GSP possess protective effect against ISO induced cardiac remodeling in rats, this may be related to reducing the oxidative stress and improving antioxidant capacity.