The toxic effects of nitroquine-dapson compound(NQD) per os in mice and dogs were studied. The therapeutic index of NQD in mice(1911) is the highest among the six antimalarial preparations studied. The toxic effects(50mg/kg/ day for 3 successive days per os) in dogs were similar to those of nitroquine. They manifested themselves as the injury on the adrenal cortex and on the intestinal epithelium. When folic acid (4 mg/kg/day for 4 successive days) or folinic acid(0.3 mg/kg/day for 4 successive days) was administered intramuscularly to the toxicated animals, both the death rate and the incidence of diarrhea were greatly reduced. Pathological study confirmed that the injury on the intestinal epithelium was much milder and the goblet cell was much more numerous in the treated than in the untreated. The results suggest that folic acid or folinic acid can protect the less differentiated cells in the intestinal crypts, so that the clinical manifestations of NQD toxicity are reduced after treatment.

232 mice were utilized in this study. ( 1 ) After administration of nitroquine 570mg/kg?1 po, the mice were given with normal saline(NS)and folic acid(NF,8 nag/kg x l im)in two subgroups respectively. 96h later, decrease in number and shorter in length of intestinal villi, and necrosis of epithelial cells, especially the crypt cells showed markedly in NS group, but much mild in NF group. ( 2 ) The DNA contents in the tissue of the small intestine showed decrease after nitroquine administration, & markedly in the larger dose and as the time going on. The values of cpm after the[3H] TdR incorporation into DNA wete much higher in NF group than in the NS group. The results suggest that the DNA synthesis in small intestine is promoted by folic acid, so that it is advantage for the repairing of damaged intestinal mucosa.

After a single oral dosed mg/kg) of nitroquine to the mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii,the morphological changes of the parasites were studied with optical and electron microscopy.Enlarged nucleus and some red granules scattered over the cytoplasm in the late trophozoites were observed under optical microscope,which may correspond to the autophagocytic vacuo-les or membranous residual bodies seen under electron microscope.Thirty minutes after the drug administration,the number of mitochondria with matrix cavitation was increased,the endoplasmic reticulum dilated,and ribosomes separated,detached,or disaggregated.Then the pelliculous complex and nuclear membrane of the parasites proliferated to form multi-layered structure with spiral curv?s or myelin sheath-like structure in the cytoplasm.The nuclear membrane was swollen and proliferated and the perinuclear cisterna was widened.In the late stage of drug action,the structure of the parasites was broken down to form a large number of autophagocytes.The findings indicate that nitroquine interferes with the structure and function of the cell membrane,cytoplasm and nucleus of malaria parasites and exerts its anti-malarial effects from many aspects.

Increasing hepatic vascular resistance and glycogenolysis are two principal effects induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the liver. In addition, PAF is closely related with hepatic injury of ischemia-reperfusion and endotoxin. The progress is reviewed.

In order to locate the level of nitroquine action on the folate metabolism, ni-troquine was given to the mice infected with P. berghei or P. yoelii. To the first group of mice, different doses of nitroquine were given to its five subgroups. The second group of mice received the same doses of nitroquine as the first group but calcium leucovorin (folinic acid) 6 mg/kg/day intramuscularly, folic acid 20 mg/kg/day intramuscularly, or PABA 20 mg/kg/day orally were given to different subgroups respectively at the same time. It was found that the dose-effective curve of nitroquine was shifted to the right when PABA was administered simultaneously and the CD50 of nitroquine at that time was larger than that of nitroquine used singly. Both calcium leucovorin and folic acid essentially showed no antigonistic effects.From the antigonistic action of PABA against nitroquine) it is suggested that nitroquine is likely to achieve its antimalarial effect through its competition for dihydropteric acid synthetase with PABA. Other chains on the folic acid metabolism were also discussed.

AimTo investigate cell mediated-immunity induced by porin of Salmonella typhimurium(STM). Methods Level of delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), IL-2 of immunized BALB/c mice were determined by footpad swelling,MTT and transfered protective rate of T cells purified by neloy wool were studied with 500LD50 of the bacteria(intraperitoneally). Results A marked level of DTH(3. 6±0. 2,P＜0. 01),IL-2(26.2±4.9,P＜0. 01) and the immuinized T cells transfer protec tive level (42.9％ ,P＜0. 01) was induced by porin from STM. Conclusion These results indicated that porin of STM might in duced stronger CMI in BALB/c mice.

Objective To investigate the effects of ghrelin on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC)and the expression of mitochondrial fusion 2(Mfn-2)in cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells(HASMCs).Methods HASMCs were cultured in vitro,treated with different concentrations(10-9,10-8,10-7,10-6,10-5 mol/L)ghrelin or 10-6 mol/L ghrelin for different time(0,6,12,18,24 h).Subconfluent HASMCs at passage 4-6 were used in experiments.MTT essay was used to investigate the effect on proliferation of HASMCs.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to analyse the expression of Mfn-2.Results 10-7-10-5 mol/L ghrelin inhibited the proliferation of HASMCs,and the inhibitory effect of concentration of 10-6 mol/L was the most obvious(P<0.01).Ghrelin inhibited the proliferation of HASMCs in 6-24 h,and it reached the peak at 24 h(P<0.01).10-6 mol/L ghrelin significantly increased the expression of Mfn-2 mRNA and protein(P<0.01).The up-regulation of 10-6 mol/L ghrelin on Mfn-2 mRNA and protein expression reached the peak at 18 h(P<0.01).Conclusion Ghrelin might inhibit the proliferation of HASMC by up-regulating the expression of Mfn-2.

TCM higher education has cultivated a large number of high-level TCM professionals in the past sixty years.Against the backdrop of social progress in China,a system of cultivating faculty of TCM higher education has been put in place that features an organic link-up between college,after graduation and continuing education.Academic community serves as a starting point in the system.This paper mainly illustrates our understanding of academic community,life-long education through connecting the three phases and its implementation.

Objective: To observe the clinical effects and safety of orthokeratology(OK) lens in the treatment of mild and moderate myopia, and to evaluate the effects on the myopia control. Methods: The study included a total of 166 eyes in 83 myopia children who were treated in Jiaxing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from January 2014 to December 2014.They were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table, 43 cases(86 eyes) in the observation group underwent standard OK lens, and the other 40 cases(80 eyes) in the control group were given common spectacles.The patients were followed up for two years.The uncorrected visual acuity, corneal curvature and ocular surface in the, observation group were examined, and diopter, axial length were examined in the two groups. Results: The visual acuity of the observation group improved significantly at 1 day, trended to be stable at 1 week, and then was basically stable within 1 year, but decreased at 2 years.After 3 months, the mean corneal curvature[(41.93±1.12)D]was significantly lower than before orthokeratology[(43.56±1.44)D], and the difference was statistically significant(t=11.539, P<0.05). However, the effect didn’t persist without continued OK lens wear 1 month later.Compared with the control group, the growth of the diopter and axial length in the observation group were significantly slower(t=16.784, P<0.05; t=5.623, P<0.05). At the initial wearing, 34% of the observation group occurred corneal epithelial injury, but they all recovered by stop wearing and appropriate medication.With the prolong of wear time, the proportion of injury reduced. Conclusion Uncorrected visual acuity of mild and moderate myopia children wearing OK lens can significantly improve at 1 day, then is basically stable after 1 year, but declines within 2 years, which indicates the need for timely replacement of the lens.Long-term wearing is effective and safe to control the development of myopia.