OBJECTIVE:To discuss the working pattern and importance of providing pharmaceutical care for medical staff and patients. METHODS:The practical experiences of providing integrated pharmaceutical care for medical staff and patients in our hospital were summarized. RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Only new working pattern of human- oriented hospital pharmacy is established and pharmaceutical care for medical staff and patients is provided,does the combination of pharmacists,doctors and nurses in the medical practice realize.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the application of pharmacoeconomics in "Treating Preventable Diseases" in traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS:Based on the brief introduction of pharmacoeconomics and the theory of "Treating Preventable Diseases",and taking preventing cerebral infarction by using drugs for invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis as example to analyze the feasibility and significance of pharmacoeconomics in the study of "Treating Preventable Diseases". RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The application of pharmacoeconomics in evaluating the theory of "Treating Preventable Diseases" will establish an objective evaluation system of Traditional Chinese Medicine and guide the rational use of drugs in clinic.

BACKGROUND:Bacterial biofilm is the main cause of the infection of the prosthesis.In vitro experiments confirmed that hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol can apparently promote the formation of staphylococcal biofilms. There are no reports on the effects of ethanol and hypertonic environment surrounding the prosthesis on the formation of biofilms.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different environment factors surrounding the prosthesis on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and bacterial biofilm formation after replacement.
METHODS: White rabbit models infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis on the prosthesis were established, and were randomly divided into hypertonic sodium chloride, ethanol and control groups (n=15). The bacteria were injected with 0.1 mL 4% sodium chloride and 4% ethanol into the knee of rabbits in the hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol groups. The rabbits were injected with 0.1 mL 0.9% sodium chloride in the control group. Three rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 days after inoculated with bacteria. Synovial fluid, prosthesis and tissue surrounding infection were obtained. Bacterium was cultured to extract total RNA. The ica operon transcription levels were detected in the gene levels. Adhesion of bacteria on the surface of the prosthesis was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Tissues surrounding the prosthesis were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Histological examination revealed that inflammatory cel infiltration was observed in al the rabbits at 4 days after injection. Colony formation was found at 16 days after injection. At 6 days after injection, inflammatory cel infiltration was observed in the ethanol and control groups. Scanning electron microscope showed that compared with the control group, the bacteria adhered to the prosthetic surface became more in the hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol groups at 6, 8 and 16 days (P < 0.05). At 6, 8 and 16 days, the expression of icaA mRNA was significantly higher in the hypertonic sodium chloride and ethanol groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). These data showed that the environment factors could affect the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and bacterial biofilm formation.

Objective To investigate the etiological and antibiotic resistance profile in the old patients with bloodstream infection (BSI).Methods Microbiological and clinical data were collected and reviewed retrospectively for the patients with confirmed bloodstream infection and at least 65 years of age who were treated as inpatients in Tongling People′s Hospital from January to December 2015.Results A total of 107 strains of pathogen were isolated from the blood samples of 107 patients with bloodstream infections, of which community-acquired BSI accounted for 57.9 % (62/107), and hospital-acquired BSI 42.1 % (45/107). Gram negative bacilli accounted for 67.7 % in the pathogens of community-acquired BSI and gram positive cocci accounted for 55.5 % in the pathogens of hospital-acquired BSI. More male BSI patients were secondary to respiratory tract infection than female patients (P<0.001), while more female BSI patients were secondary to urinary tract infection than male patients (P<0.001). Of the 107 isolates, gram negative bacilli, gram positive cocci and fungi accounted for 55.1 % (59/107), 42.1 % (45/107) and 2.8 % (3/107), respectively. The top six pathogens were E. coli (30.9 %), coagulase negativeStaphylococcus (CNS) (20.6 %), S. aureus (10.3 %),K. pneumoniae (6.5 %),Enterococcusspp. (6.5 %) and Acinetobacter spp. (4.7 %). About 51.5 % of the E. coli isolates and 28.6 % of the K. pneumoniae isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs).E. coli isolates showed low resistance rate (< 10 %) to amikacin,cefoxitin and piperacillin-tazobactam. No E. coli isolate was found resistant to carbapenem. About 14.3 % to 28.6 % of K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to carbapenems. No tigecycline-resistant K. pneumoniae was found. The prevalence of MRSA and MRCNS was 36.4 % and 72.7 %, respectively. No staphylococcal isolates were found resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin or linezolid. One strain of E. faecium was identified as resistant to vancomycin (VRE).Conclusions This surveillance data indicate that gram negative bacilli play an important role in the BSI of old patients. E. coli and CNS are the most common pathogens. We should pay more attention to the effect of gender and site of infection on the BSI in old patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the absorption characteristics of nitrogen (N) , phosphorus (P) , and potassium (K) of Pinellia ternate from Sichuan under the cultivated condition.

METHODThe samples of P. ternate S-29 and S-33 from Sichuan were regularly collected randomly, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of each part (aerial and underground parts) were determined, and their distribution and accumulation characters of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium were also studied.

RESULTThe absorption rate of aerial and underground parts of P. ternate were different in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at different growing stages. Among them, the potassium uptake was the highest, while the phosphorus uptake was the lowest. Totally, the uptakes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of P. ternate from Sichuan during "sprout tumble" stage were comparatively higher than that not at "sprout tumble" stage. A significant correlation was observed between the phosphorus and potassium uptake of the aerial and underground parts, respectively (P < 0.05). And there was also significant positive correlation between the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake at underground parts (P < 0.05). During the growth stage of P. ternate, for producing 100 kg air-dried P. ternate, 5.02-5.64 kg N, 2.44-2.56 kg P205, 11.62-13.49 kg K20 were needed to be absorbed.

CONCLUSIONP. ternate from Sichuan should be given enough base fertilizer in field cultivation, and then be supplied with phosphorus and potassium by combining foliar spray with field application during the middle ten days of June and last ten days of August. The ratios of potassium should be properly improved. There was promoting effect in the phosphorus and nitrogen assimilations of the underground parts of P. ternate from Sichuan.

China ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; Phosphorus ; metabolism ; Pinellia ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Potassium ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the bacterial resistance of clinical isolates collected in Tongling area. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted by Kirby-Bauer method.All the data were analyzed with WHONET 5.5 software.Results A total of 3 092 clinical isolates were collected during 2012,of which gram negative organisms and gram positive organisms accounted for 76.3% (2 359/3 092)and 23.7% (773/3 092),respectively.MRSA and MRCNS accounted for 50.9% of S.aureus and 73.0% of coagulase negative Staphylococcus,respectively.MRSA and MRCNS showed higher resistance to gentamicin,ciprofloxacin and erythromycin.No vancomycin-or teicoplanin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp.were found.No vancomycin-or teicoplanin-resistant strains of E.faecalis were found.Some E.faecium strains were resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin.About 52.1% of E.coli isolates and 42.1% of Klebsiella isolates produced extended-spectrumβ-lactamases (ESBLs).Imipenem-or meropenem-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae were found. The percentage of P.aeruginosa strains resistant to amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam and cefepime was 3.4%,14.0% and 17.7%,respectively.More than 70% of Acinetobacter spp. strains were resistant to all the antibiotics tested except minocycline and cefoperazone-sulbactam,to which 42.1%and 4.4% of the strains were resistant.Conclusions The antibiotic resistance of clinical bacterial isolates is growing. The spread of multi-drug or pan-drug resistant strains in a specific region poses a serious threat to clinical practice.We should pay more attention to resistance surveillance and the rational use of antibiotics.

Objective To investigate the bacterial resistance of clinical isolates collected in Tongling area during 2011.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by Kirby-Bauer method.All the data were analyzed by WHONET 5.5 soft-ware.Results A total of 2 690 clinical isolates were collected during 2011,of which gram negative organisms and gram positive organisms accounted for 74.2% and 25.8%,respectively.MRSA and MRCNS accounted for 45.1% of S.aureus and 71.6%of coagulase negative Staphylococcus,respectively.MRSA and MRCNS showed higher resistance to gentamicin,ciprofloxacin and erythromycin than the corresponding methicillin-susceptible strains.No vancomycin- or teicoplanin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus spp.was identified.The resistance rate to penicillin,nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin was low in E.faecalis.No ampicillin-,vancomycin-or teicoplanin-resistant strains were found.For E.faecium,some strains were resistant to vancomy-cin and teicoplanin.About 46.6% of E.coli isolates and 27.7% of Klebsiella isolates produced extended-spectrumβ-lactamas-es (ESBLs).No imipenem-or meropenem-resistant isolate was found.The percentage of P .aeruginosa strains resistant to imipenem,meropenem and amikacin were 29.5%,36.9%and 2.3%, respectively. More than 60.0% of the Acinetobacter strains were resistant to all the antibiotics test-ed except minocycline and cefoperazone-sulbactam,to which 26.4% and 12.5% of the strains were resistant.Conclusions No glycopeptides-resistant isolate was found in gram positive organisms except E.faecium.The resistance rate of Enter-obacteriaceae isolates was lower to imipenem,meropenem, cefoperazone-sulbactam,piperacillin-tazobactam and amika-cin.The prevalence of resistant strains is still increasing,es-pecially carbapenem-resistant P .aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii.It is mandatory to take effective antibiot-ic policy and infection control measures.

Objective To compare the clinical value of two kinds of imaging methods including CT and MRI in early diagnosis of acute multiple cerebral infarction. Methods The imaging data of CT and MRI of 108 patients with acute multiple cerebral infarction were analyzed. The total detection rate, the detection rate in different time periods,the number and area of detected lesions and the inspection time of CT and MRI in early diagnosis of acute multiple cerebral infarction were compared. Results The total detection rates of patients with acute multiple cerebral infarction by CT and MRI were 57. 41%,96. 30%,respectively. The total detection rate of MRI was significantly higher than CT(χ2 =9. 73,P<0. 05). The detection rates of patients with acute multiple cerebral infarction for onset within 24h and 24-72h by MRI were significantly higher than CT(χ2 =18. 54,16. 20,all P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in detection rate of patients with acute multiple cerebral infarction for onset >72h between CT and MRI(P>0. 05). The number of detected lesions of patients with acute multiple cerebral infarction by MRI was significantly more than CT(t=2. 39,P<0. 05). The area of detected lesions and the inspection time of patients with acute multiple cerebral infarction by MRI were significantly less than that by CT(t =2. 43,2. 60,all P <0. 05). Conclusion Compared with CT, MRI in the early diagnosis of acute multiple cerebral infarction can effectively improve the detection rate in early stage, avoid the missed diagnosis of small lesions and is helpful to shorten the examination time.

Tendon injuries often need surgical treatment, which enables to repair the structure and stability of the tendons to a certain extent, whereas it is difficult to restore to their normal strength. The primary reason is that the natural healing ability of tendons is limited and the functions of the repaired tendons cannot be restored completely. As further researches on tendon healing are conducted, biological technology provides a novel orientation for tendon repair. One of the research hotspots of tendon repair currently is to facilitate tendon healing using biological auxiliaries, including tendon stem /progenitor cells(TSPCs) and growth factors. The authors review the research progress in mechanism of TSPCs and growth factors accelerating tendon healing in order to provide a reference for the biological treatment of tendon injuries.