This article is aimed to establish the method of quality standards for highland barley Monascus.Microscopic and TLC were adopted to identify Araliataibaiensis. Referring the relevant method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition) for the determination of its moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash and extracts,lovastatin in acid and lactone form was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The characteristics of highland barley Monascus in microscopic and TLC were obvious and specific. The contents in barley red yeast are: water 6.04%-8.78%, total ash 2.15%-2.92%, acid insoluble ash 0.23%-0.29%, water extracts 27.99%-30.17%; alcohol extracts 14.12%-18.51%. The ranges of lovastatin in acid and lactone form are 0.11%-0.29% and 0.02%-0.08%, respectively. The established method is simple, accurate, reliable and duplicable, and can be used to control the quality of highland barley Monascus.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors of the newborns who failed initial hearing screening by analysing the distortion production otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) results of 1021 newborns with potential risk factors of hearing loss. METHOD: All newborns, who were born in obstetrical department and admitted in the neonatal department of the Nanfang Hospital during June 2009 to January 2012 and underwent initial hearing screening, were included in this study. Their clinical data and DPOAE results were analyzed retrospectively in order to identify the risk factors for failure of initial hearing screening in infants; cases who failed the DPOAE test were followed up by telephone interviews. RESULT: (1) One hundred and thirty-seven cases (13.42%) of the 1021 newborns did not pass the hearing screening. 51 cases (5.00%) did not pass the test in both ears. Meanwhile, left ear in 47 cases (4.60%) and right ear in another 39 cases (3.82%) failed the test respectively. (2) Univariate analysis showed that 14 factors had significant influence on the hearing screening results, such as birth weight, small for gestational age, multiple pregnancy, gestational age, delivery mode, oligohydramnion, oxytocin, blood sugar level of newborn, Apgar scores at 1 min, exposed prenatally to glucocorticoid, maxillofacial deformity, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal asphyxia (P < 0.01). (3) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis suggested that birthweight less than 1500 g, multiple pregnancy, Apgar scores of 0-4 at 1 min, exposed prenatally to glucocorticoid and maxillofacial deformity were risk factors for failure of initial hearing screening (OR were 3.132, 1.808, 2.615, 1.827 and 12.174 respectively; 95% CI were 1.466-6.691, 1.120-2.917, 1.317-5.336, 1.130-2.953 and 1.986-74.632 respectively). (4) Results of telephone interviews revealed that Apgar scores of 0-4 at 1 min would be a risk factor of language development. CONCLUSION Birthweight less than 1500 g, multiple pregnancy, Apgar scores of 0-4 at 1 min, exposed prenatally to glucocorticoid and maxillofacial deformity are risk factors of failure of initial hearing screening among newborns with potential hearing loss. Monitoring of the hearing condition of the infants at risk should be strengthened.
Deafness ; diagnosis ; Female ; Hearing Disorders ; diagnosis ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the in situ absorption kinetics of berberine (BER) and jatrorrhizine( JAT) at different intestine segments in rats.

METHODThe intestinal perfusion experiment was performed on rats in vivo to observe the effects of absorption sites and drug concentration on the intestinal absorption characteristics of BER and JAT.

RESULTThe apparent absorption rate constants (Ka) of BER and JAT at duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were 0.1540, 0.1160, 0.9793, 0.6795 h(-1) and 0.0743, 0.0564, 0.0456, 0.0234 h(-1), respectively. The absorption of BER and JAT decreased according to the turn of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. Compared to the lower segment, BER and JAT were better absorbed at the upper and middle segments of intestine in rats. The Ka of BER and JAT had no significant difference when the concentration of the extractive Rhizoma Coptidis was at 22-88 mg x L(-1). However, the absorption quantity of BER and JAT were proportional to the concentration respectively and the saturated phenomena were not observed.

CONCLUSIONBoth the BER and the JAT is can be absorbed in whole intestine and the results indicated that the absorption of BER and JAT compiled with the first order kinetics through passive diffusion mechanism.

Animals ; Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Jejunum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of leech freeze-dried powder combined with scorpion freeze-dried powder on carotid artery thrombosis in rats. METHODS FeCl3 was used to induce carotid artery thrombosis, and the experiment was divided into 6 groups: sham-operated group(sham group), model group, leech freeze-dried powder group(leech group), whole scorpion freeze-dried powder group(scorpion group), leech+scorpion half-dose group(half-dose group), leech+scorpion full-dose group(full-dose group), 6 rats in each group. The inhibition rate of bilateral carotid artery thrombosis was calculated after the final administration. The activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), plasma prothrombintime(PT), plasma fibrinogen(FIB), and prothrombin time(TT) were measured by platelet aggregation and coagulation factor analyzer. The levels of plasma tissue-type plasminogen activator(t-PA) and plasminogen activatorinhibitor-I(PAI-I) were measured by ELSIA, and the thrombosis of each group was observed by HE staining. RESULTS Compared with model group, the wet weight and dry weight of thrombus were reduced in the leech, scorpion, half-dose and full-dose groups, and the full-dose group had the best effect in inhibiting thrombus formation. Compared with sham group, APTT, PT, TT was shortened, FIB content increased and t-PA level decreased in model group; compared with model group, APTT, PT, TT was prolonged, FIB content decreased and t-PA level increased in each dose group. The PAI-Ⅰ was not significantly different in each group. A large number of thrombus were seen in the blood vessels of model group. Compared with model group, there were significantly fewer thrombus in the leech, scorpion and half-dose groups, and almost no significant thrombus in the full-dose group. CONCLUSION Leech freeze-dried powder combined with scorpion freeze-dried powder inhibited carotid artery thrombosis in rats by affecting coagulation function and fibrinolytic system.