Asphyxia is the most important perinatal cause of neurologic morbidity in infants. Recently, elevated levels of CK-BB have been demonstrated in serum after asphyxic insult in infants. To evaluate the possibility of using serial measurements of CK-BB activity as a diagnostic method and a predictor of neurologic outcome in asphyxiatic infants. We studied CK-BB activity in serum of asphyxiated infants (16 preterm babies, 41 term babies) and healthy infants (11 preterm babies, 12 term babies) from birth (cord) to 5 days of serially. The results were as follows 1) Serum CK-BB activites (cord 76.0IU/L, 12 hours 34.1 IU/L, 1 day 22.4 IU/L, 2 days 8.2 IU/L) of asphyxiated preterm infants were much higher than those (cord 4.4IU/L, 12 hours 2.4IU/L, 1 day 1.6 IU/L, 2 days 1.1 IU/L) of healthy preterm infants, but there were no significant differences (P values>0.05). 2) Serum CK-BB activities (cord 59.0 IU/L, 12 hours 23.6 IU/L, day 17.6 IU/L) of asphyxiated term infants were significantly higher than those (cord 2.4 IU/L, 12 hours 2.7 IU/L, 1 day 0.4 IU/L) of healthy term infants (P values<0.05) 3) There were no significant differences in serum CK-BB activities between asphyxiated preterm infants who showed late neurologic deficits (P values>0.05) 4) Serum CK-BB activity (131.7 IU/L) at birth (cord) of asphyxiated term infants who showed late neurologic deficits was significantly higher than that (49.8 IU/L) of asphyxiated term infants who did not show late neurologic deficits (P value<0.05) In conclusion, it is suggested that serial measurement of CK-BB activity in serum of asphyxiated term infants from birth (cord) to 1 day of age is an available test for diagnosis of neonatal asphyxia and for a prediction of neurologic outcome of neonatal asphyxia.
Asphyxia ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Parturition

PURPOSE: It is well known that smoking is one of the most important etiologic factor in bladder cancer and mutations of p53 tumor suppressor gene are the important step in carcinogenesis of urinary bladder. In this study, we investigated the difference in pattern and rate of p53 gene mutation between smoker and non-smoker MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 26 bladder transitional cell carcinoma, 16 cases were smoker and 10 cases were non-smoker. We evaluated mutation of the p53 gene concentrated on axon 5 through 8, using polymerase chain reaction- single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) with radioisotope. RESULTS: 3 cases(18.7%) of 16 smoker were found to have p53 gene mutation, but none of 10 non-smoker was found. 2 of 3 cases of p53 gene mutation were found in exon 5 and 1 in exon 7. The pattern of p53 gene mutation was different in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Although the more cases will be needed in this study, we think that a mutation of p53 in bladder cancer may be associated with cigarette smoking.
Axons ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Exons ; Genes, p53* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Hemophilia A* ; Molecular Biology* ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length*

PURPOSE: CYP2D6 and N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) are polymorphic enzymes which are expressed in the hepatocyte in a genotype-determined manner. They are known to be involved in the inactivation and activation of various mutagens and carcinogens, respectively. The activities of the two enzyme systems are associated with the genetic susceptibility of many human cancers. METHODS: This study was performed to determine the genotype frequencies of the two enzyme systems in primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients and healthy controls. One hundred healthy controls and 55 liver cancer patients were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS: In the healthy controls, the CYP2D6 wild type allele frequency was 0.985 and the CYP2D6*4 frequency was 0.015. No CYP2D6 poor-metabolizer was detected. No significant differences were found in the hepatocellular carcinoma patients group. Among the controls, the frequencies of F, S1, S2 and S3 alleles of the NAT2 system were 0.725, 0.01, 0.14 and 0.125, respectively. The genotype frequencies were found to be 0.91 for the rapid acetylator and 0.09 for the slow acetylator. No significant differences were found in the hepatocellular carcinoma group. CONCLUSION: The distribution of CYP2D6 and NAT2 polymorphism is very unique in the Korean population, as characterized by the extremely low frequency of CYP2D6 poor-metabolizer and NAT2 slow acetylator. CYP2D6 and NAT2 polymorphisms did not seem to play an important role in the hepatic carcinogenesis in the Korean population.
Alleles ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinogens ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Korea* ; Liver Neoplasms ; Mutagens

PURPOSE: The role of mutation of p53 gene on the carcinigenesis was studied since 1991. There were some relationships of p53 mutation and clinicopathologic factors. This sutudy was designed for the clinicopathologic and genetic factor relation in Korean breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A retrospective study on the clinicopathologic findings such as age, menopausal status, TNM stage, histologic grade, estrogen receptor, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction was camed out on 47 breast cancer tissues which had been resected at the Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital. Forty-seven tissues were grouped into 3 groups. Group 1 was ductal carcinoma in situ, Group 2 was invasive ductal carcinoma without axillary lymph node metastasis and Group 3 was invasive ductal carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis. The numbers of tissues in each groups were 14, 15 and 18, respectively. Mutation screening on the p53 tumor suppressor gene was also performed with PCR-SSCP-direct sequencing method from the genomic DNA extracted from formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded pathologic tissue blocks. The results were as followings; RESULT: p53 mutations were detected in 12 cases(25.5%) of 47. In Group 1, 4 cases(28.6%) had mutations, and in Group 2, 5 cases(33.3%), and in Group3, 3 cases(16.7%). There was no significant differences in mutation rate between three groups. In 12 mutations detected, 6 cases were transition, 5 of which were missense mutation in coding sequences, and one of which was splicing mutation at acceptor site. One case was transversion and five cases were deletions or insertions of various lengths resulting in frameshift mutations. There was no statistically significant difference between groups and clinicopathologic factors except the strong relationship between the negative estrogen receptor and p53 mutation(p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: From the above findings, p53 gene could be considered to be inactivated at the all stage of multistep carcinogenesis processes. The nature of mutations and genetic background of Korean breast cancers may be somewhat different from those of Caucasians. And the p53 mutation status may be used as one of the useful prognostic factors in addition to the estrogen receptor status.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Clinical Coding ; DNA ; Estrogens ; Formaldehyde ; Frameshift Mutation ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Lymph Nodes ; Mass Screening ; Mutation Rate ; Mutation, Missense ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ploidies ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Acrocephalosyndactylia*

The amplification of c-myc oncogene was evaluated in 42 cases of ovarian carcinomas to correlate with clinical parameters. Using oligonucleotide primers, sequences from the c-myc exon-3 gene and from a control gene, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), were amplified simultaneously by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After the products of differential PCR (d-PCR) were electrophoresed, slot blot hybridization was performed, and hybridized with P32 dATP-labeled myc and tPA oligonucleotide probes and then autoradiographed. The signal intensities of the two products were quantitated by densitometry and the ratios of two products (c-myc/tPA) were measured. The ovarian carcinomas showed significantly increased amplification of c-myc oncogene Oligonucleoti compared to normal control group (p<0.05). 15 of 42 cases (35.7%) showed various degrees of the MYC gene amplification up to 27 folds in various histologic types of ovarian carcinomas. No significant differences of the MYC gene amplification according to histologic subtypes, tumor action) grades and clinical stages of ovarian carcinomas were present.
Densitometry ; DNA Primers ; Genes, myc ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Oncogenes* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Accidents, Traffic ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Facial Bones ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Lacerations ; Male ; Mandible ; Surgery, Oral ; Tooth Injuries

Breakfast is an important factor for health status of people. This study was carried out to investigate the dietary life related to breakfast of workers and to develope some nutritional convenient diets for the workers. The collected data were consisted of items about general characteristics of the subjects, breakfast pattern, factors affecting on breakfast and opinions on convenient foods. The subjects were classified into labor workers (n = 202) and office workers (n = 227) aged from twenties to fifties. The rate of skipping breakfast in workers was 31.5% and higher according to the increase of age. Their favorite style of breakfast was mostly Korean traditional diets, but only 38.1% of the subjects had cooked rice as breakfast. The main reason for skipping breakfast was that they had no time for it. But 65.4% of total workers had experiences of using convenience diets. They had these kinds of diets because of convenience. These results suggest that recipe development of convenient breakfast is very important for the good dietary life of the workers.
Breakfast* ; Daegu* ; Diet

BACKGROUND: The p53 and retinoblastoma(Rb) tumor suppressor genes are associated with the pathogenesis of several types of human cancer. Substantial. proportion of the primary lung cancers or cell lines have been reported to have the p53 and/or the Rb gene mutations. But so far there is no report on the analysis of the Rb gene polymorphism as one of the genetic susceptibility marker. This study was undertaken to establish the gene frequencies of the polymorphic genotypes of the p53 and Rb genes in Koreans to evaluate the possible involvement of these genotypes as a risk factor of lung cancer. METHODS: In this study 145 controls without previous and present tumor history and 128 lung cancer patients were subjected to analysis The two intragenic polymorphisms of the p53 gene(exon 4/AccII, intron 6/MspI) and one intron 17/XbaI polymorphism of the Rb gene were analysed by the method of polymersae chain react lion-restriction fragment length polymorphisms(PCR-RFLPS). The genotype of the intron 3/16 bp repeat polymorphism of p53 was determined by PCR and direct gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the genotype distributions of the p53 gene between lung cart cert patients and controls. But heterozygotes(Arg/Pro) of the exon 4/AcclII polymorphisms were slightly over-represented than controls, especially in the Kreyberg type I cancer, which was known 13 be associated with smoking. The intron 3/16 bp duplication and the intron 6/MspI polymorphisms were in complete linkage disequilibrium. About 95% of the individuals were homozygotes of the common alleles both in the 16 duplication and MspI polymorphisms, and no differences were deteced in the genotype distributions between lung cancer patients and controls. Overall genotype distributions of the Rb gene polymorphisms between lung cancer patients and controls were not significantly different However, the genotype distributions in the Kreyberg type I cancer were significantly different from those of controls(p=0.0297) or adenocarcinomas(p=0.0008). It was noticeable that 73.4% of the patients with adenocarcinomas were heterozygotes(r1/r2) whereas 39.2% of the Kreyberg type I cancer were heterozygous at this polymorphisms. In the lung cancer patients, significant differences were a]so noted between the high dose smokers and low dose smokers including non-smokers(p=0.0258). The relative risk to Kreyberg type I cancer was significantly reduced in the individuals with the genotype of r1/r2(odds ratio=0.46, 95%C.I.=0.25-0.86, p=0.0124). The combined genotype distribution of the exon 4/AccII of the p53 and the intron 17 Rb gene polymorphisms in Kreyberg type I cancers were significantly different from dose of controls or adenocarcinomas. The highest odds ratio were observed in the individuals with the genotypes of Arg/pro and r2/r2(odds ratio=1.97, 95%C.I.=0.84-4.59) and lowest one was in the patients with Arg/Arg, r1/r2 genotype(odds ratio=0.54, 95%C.I.=0.25-1.14). CONCLUSION: The p53 and the Rb gene polymorphisms modulate the risk of smoking induced lung cancer development in Koreans. However, the exact mechanism of risk modulation by these polymorphism remains to be determined. For more discrete clarification of associations between specific genotypes and lung cancer risk, the evaluations of these polymorphisms in other ethnics and more number of patients will be needed.
Adenocarcinoma ; Alleles ; Cell Line ; Electrophoresis ; Exons ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Introns ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking