With the development of computer technology, medical data has developed from traditional paper pattern into electronic mode, which could effectively promote the medical development. This paper at first presents the status and characteristics of medical data mining. Then, it discusses the critical method of medical data mining in classification, clustering and prediction, respectively. The paper focuses on the application and assessment of five algorithms which are designed for medical data mining, including decision tree, cluster analysis, association rule, intelligent algorithm and the mix algorithm. Finally, this paper outlooks the data mining application in medical domain.
Algorithms ; Cluster Analysis ; Data Mining ; Decision Trees ; Medical Informatics ; Software

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of alprostadil on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) with hypoxia-in-duced injury. METHODS:HPMECs were divided into group A(normal cultural environment),group B(3%O2),group C(3%O2+15 μg/L alprostadil)and group D(3%O2+45 μg/L alprostadil)for 24 h culture. Cell morphology was observed;MTT method was conducted to detect cell activity(recorded by absorbance);flow cytometry was adopted to detect apoptosis rate;Western blot was used to detect relative expressions of VEGF and eNOS in cells. RESULTS:Cell density in group A and D was relatively high, that in group B and C was low. Compared with group A,cell activities decreased and apoptosis rates increased in group B,C and D,expressions of VEGF and eNOS enhanced,eNOS/VEGF decreased (P<0.05). Compared with group B,cell activities in-creased in group C and D,VEGF expression decreased (P<0.05);apoptosis rate in group D decreased,eNOS expression de-creased and eNOS/VEGF increased. Compared with group C,cell apoptosis rate was decreased in group D,VEGF expression de-creased and eNOS/VEGF increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Alprostadil maybe play effect on HPMECs with hypoxia-induced injury by up-regulating the expression level of eNOS/VEGF.

Owing to their unique mechanism of action, marine antineoplastic compounds have been got more and more attention and the study of marine antineoplastic drugs is becoming a focus now. The development in the study of marine antineoplastic drugs was summarized in this paper.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value between spinal MR myelography (MRM) and intrathecal Gadolinium MR myelography (GdM) in detecting spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Methods Retrospective analysis of imaging findings in 158 cases with SIH was performed. Both MRM and GdM were available in 24 cases, and MRM was performed first, followed by GdM within one week. Morphological abnormalities of nerve root, CSF leaks along the nerve roots, and abnormal CSF collections were observed and compared between the two methods by using McNemar statistics and Kappa test statistics. Results Morphological abnormalities of nerve root were detected in 176 lesions on GdM and 163 lesions on MRM, respectively, and GdM was more sensitive in the detection of morphological abnormalities of nerve root (χ2=6.26,P=0.011). CSF leaks along nerve roots were identified in 15 patients on both GdM and MRM while in 5 cases on neither GdM nor MRM, and identified in 4 patients on GdM but not on MRM. CSF leaks along the nerve roots were detected in 67 lesions on GdM and 55 lesions on MRM, respectively, and GdM was more sensitive in the detection of CSF leaks along nerve (χ2=6.05,P=0.012). MRM and GdM showed good consistency(Kappa =0.837,P=0.001)in detecting CSF leaks for patients with SIH. Six and 14 lesions of abnormal CSF collections in bony rims of spines were respectively detected by GdM and MRM, 12 and 28 lesions of abnormal CSF collections in bony rims of the ribs were respectively detected by GdM and MRM. MRM was more sensitive in the detection of abnormal CSF collections in bony rims of the spines and the ribs(χ2=6.13 ,14.06 ,P=0.008 ,0.001). Eleven and 10 lesions of CSF collections in epidural space were respectively detected by GdM and MRM, 1 and 3 lesions of CSF collections of C1—2 retrospinal space were respectively detected by GdM and MRM. No statistically significant differences existed between MRM and GdM in detecting CSF collections of epidural space and C1—2 retrospinal space (χ2=0.01,0.50,P=1.000,0.500). Conclusions MRM and GdM have their respective advantages in detecting spinal CSF leaks along the nerve roots, morphological abnormalities of nerve root and abnormal CSF collections. MRM combined with GdM can provide more information in localizing spinal CSF leaks for patients with SIH.

Objective To investigate the effect of nicorandil pretreatment on myocardial mitochondria in a rabbit model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Methods Tirty-two healthy male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg aged 4 months were randomly allocated into 4 groups ( n = 8 each): Ⅰ group sham operation (group S); Ⅱ group I/R; Ⅲ group nicorandil pretreatment (group N) and Ⅳ group nicorandil + 5 hydroxydecanoic acid (group N + 5-HD). Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min occlusion of left circumflex coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group N and N + 5-HD a bolus of nicorandil 100 μg/kg was given iv at 10 min before myocardial ischemia followed by continuous infusion at 10 μg· kg-1 · min-1 until the beginning of myocardial ischemia. In group Ⅳ a bolus of 5-HD 5 mg/kg was injected iv at 20 min before myocardial ischemia.The animals were sacrificed at the end of 120 min reperfusion. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by flow cytometry using JC-1 fluorescence probe as indicator. Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c protein expression was determined by immuno-histochemistry. Myocardial ultrastructure was examined with transmission electron microscope. Results Red fluovescence intensity indicating normal live cells was significantly higher, the green fluorescence intensity indicating apoptotic cells was lower and red/green fluorescence intensity ratio was higher; the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly higher and cytochrome c protein expression lower in group N than in group I/R.5-HD administration negated the protective effect of nicorandil pretreatment against myocardial I/R injury. Conclusion Nicorandil stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential, decreases cytochrome c protein releasing, and suppresses mitochondrial apoptotic signal transduction by opening the mito-KATP channels.

Objective To study the effect of cyclosporine combined with eleven acid testosterone on serum T helper cells in patients with chronic aplastic anemia.Methods A total of 86 patients with chronic aplastic anemia received treatment in our hospital were collected as the research objects,and divided into experimental group and control group,patients in the experimental group received eleven acid testosterone combined with cyclosporine therapy,patients in the control group received eleven acid testosterone therapy.Blood routine indexes,Th1,Th2,Th17 and Treg cells contents of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results Before treatment,hemoglobin content,leukocyte count,platelet count,peripheral blood Th1,Th2,Th17 and Treg cells contents of the two groups had no significant difference(P>0.05).After two courses of treatment,hemoglobin content,leukocyte count,platelet count of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group.After two courses and four courses of treatment,peripheral blood Th1 and Th17 contents of experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group,Th2 and Treg contents were significantly higher than those of the control group.Conclusion Eleven acid testosterone combined with cyclosporine treatment could be more effective to stimulate hematopoiesis,regulate immune function and T lymphocyte subsets content,it′s an effective method for the treatment of chronic aplastic anemia.

Objective To discuss the informatization of multi hospitals. Methods Considering about the current situation of in‐formation construction to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, a set of solution was put forward based on the all in one card together with the two level information platform. Results Initial trials proved the feasibility of the solution. Con‐clusion The informatization of the multi hospitals contributes a lot to the source sharing between the regional hospitals, the im‐provement of hospital management and a better medical service.

Objective In response to the requirements of the new nation health care reform for the first diagnosis sinking .To in‐vestigate hospital as the center ,radiation surrounding ,we build the telemedicine system .Methods We analyzed the requirement ,de‐sign the architecture of the system through the way of TOGAF .Results The telemedicine system including telemedicine ,remote diagnosis and distance education was built .Conclusion The design ,establishment and application of the telemedicine system has an important influence and meaning .

A male patient, 41 years old, swallowed a chunk of muskmelon because his attention was not centralized. Odynophagia and dysphagia were the two main clinical manifestations. The esophagus barium swallow examination showed a foreign body in the upper esophagus. The patient did the rigid esophagoscope examination in the operating room under general anesthesia. There was a chunk of muskmelon in the upper esophagus and could not take it out from the esophagus by using foreign body forceps because the muskmelon was very crisp. In the end the muskmelon was sent in the stomach. The patient's symptoms were alleviated after operation.
Adult ; Esophagus ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Male

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, operative approach and method of petrous apex chol-esteatoma, to improve the effect of operation and to reduce surgical complications. Method:Two cases of patients with giant petrous apex cholesteatoma were treated by trans labyrinth approach,one of which was successfully operated with oto-endoscope-assisted surgery. Result; No cerebrospinal fluid leakage, infection, vertigo or disequilibrium was found in the two cases after operation. Conclusion:Temporal CT and MRI are of great importance in clinical diagnosis and choice of surgical approach. Surgery by trans-labyrinth approach paves way for removing cholesteatoma thoroughly, dealing with facial nerve and repairing cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Surgery is considered to be the only way to cure petrous apex cholesteatoma, while the key procedure to prevent recurrence lies in complete removal of lesion, long-time strict follow up and regular clearance of the surgical field.