PURPOSE: To identify predictors of medical students' beliefs about intelligence among affective and cognitive factors, parental interest in children's education, and home economic status (HES). Of the 408 medical students who participated in this study, 398 completed and returned the questionnaires, yielding a total response rate of 97.5%. METHODS: Measures of students' beliefs about intelligence, intrinsic value, self-efficacy, test anxiety, cognitive strategies, self-regulation, parental interest in children's education, and HES were obtained. RESULTS: Spearman's correlations indicated that an entity theory of intelligence was negatively related to intrinsic value, self-efficacy, cognitive strategies, self-regulation, parental interest in children's education, and HES, and positively related to test anxiety. An incremental theory of intelligence was positively related to intrinsic value, self-efficacy, cognitive strategies, self-regulation, parental interest in children's education, and HES, and negatively related to test anxiety. Findings of independent t-tests showed that incremental theorists showed higher intrinsic value, self-efficacy, cognitive strategies, self-regulation, parental interest in children's education, and lower test anxiety than entity theorists. A binary logistic regression analysis showed that 72.9% of the medical students in the study were accurately classified as either incremental theorists or entity theorists with respect to intrinsic value, self-efficacy, test anxiety, and cognitive strategies. CONCLUSION: Medical educators need to be aware that medical students who have incremental beliefs about intelligence have higher intrinsic value, self-efficacy, cognitive strategies, and lower test anxiety than those who have fixed beliefs about intelligence. Perhaps a training program needs to be developed to enhance medical students' conceptions of intelligence based on the findings.
Anxiety ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Logistic Models ; Parents ; Self Efficacy ; Students, Medical ; Test Anxiety Scale ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objectives: This study aims to examine the clinical outcomes of women who underwent a midurethral sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence and compare postoperative urinary symptoms among different body mass index (BMI) groups. Methods: A retrospective cohort study on results after midurethral sling surgery according to BMI was conducted at the institution of the current study from January 2010 to December 2019. The study population was classified into three groups according to patients’ BMI (in kg/m2 ) during surgery: normal weight (BMI < 23.0 kg/m2 ), overweight (BMI, 23.0–24.9 kg/m2 ), and obese (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 ). The primary outcome was the recurrence of urinary symptoms after surgery. The secondary outcomes were operation time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications. Results: This study included 376 patients (normal weight, 148; overweight, 74; and obese women, 154) who underwent midurethral sling surgery. No significant difference was noted in urinary symptom recurrence after midurethral sling surgery. Of the patients, 6.8% (n = 10), 9.5% (n = 7), and 7.8% (n = 12) were normal weight, overweight, and obese women, respectively (P = 0.775). Moreover, operation time (P = 0.589), blood loss (P = 0.138), and complication rate (P = 0.865) showed no significant difference. Conclusions Midurethral sling surgery is effective regardless of BMI. Even when midurethral sling surgery was performed as a concomitant surgery, no significant difference in urinary symptom recurrence, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and complication rate was noted among different BMI groups.