Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) different types infection in women in Ningxia and its relationship with cervical lesions.Methods:A total of 140 498 women who received cervical cancer screening in Ningxia from 2018 to 2020 were selected. Cervical exfoliated cells were detected by fluorescence PCR. The characteristics of HPV infection and its relationship with cervical lesions were analyzed.Results:The total positive rate of high-risk HPV was 9.94% in 140 498 screened women. The annual HPV positive detection rates from 2018 to 2020 were 9.84%, 11.20% and 9.61% respectively. Among the 19 districts or counties, the areas with higher HPV positive rates were Guyuan County (15.06%) and Pengyang County (13.32%), and the areas with lower HPV positive rates were Shatoupo District and Litong District, with positive rates of 7.63% and 7.54%, respectively. The positive rate of HPV showed a "V" type distribution with age, with the lowest HPV positive rate in the age group of 40 ~ 49 years (9.5%), and there was a statistically significant difference in the HPV positive detection rate among the age groups ( χ2=53.01, P<0.001). HPV16 was the main single infection in all age groups, and the positive rates of HPV16 were 1.3%, 1.3%, 1.1% and 1.0%, respectively. Among multiple HPV infections, the age group≥60 years had the highest positive rate (10.0%). Among high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer, HPV16 infection was predominant (46.0%, 63.6%), while among low-grade lesions, the other 16 HPV types accounted for the highest proportion (60.8%). The comparison of the positive detection rates of HPV infection types in different cervical lesions was significantly different ( χ2=99.01, P<0.001). Conclusions:The high-risk HPV positive rate of female population in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is at a moderate level, and the dominant type of single infection was HPV16; the lowest age group of 18 high-risk HPV infections was 40-49 years, and the highest age of HPV infection was women aged 60 years; among high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer, HPV16 single infection was predominant.