PURPOSE: Despite the popularity of dietary supplements, little data are available on their use by university students. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of vitamin mineral supplements and to identify factors related to supplement use among university students. METHODS: University students (N = 345) in Seoul were surveyed. Survey questions included descriptive demographics, types of vitamin and mineral supplements used, health related lifestyle factors, mini dietary assessment, and knowledge and behaviors related to supplement use. RESULTS: Of university students surveyed, 41% consumed vitamin and mineral supplements. Among the supplement users, multivitamins were the most commonly used dietary supplements (68.6%), followed by vitamin C (31.4%) and calcium (17.1%). In particular, the use of vitamin C and iron supplements was more common in females than males (p < 0.05). For the number of supplements taken daily, 32.1% of supplement users consumed 2 or more supplements; 20% of supplement users had almost no knowledge of the supplements being taken. Based on the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis, supplement use was associated with higher interest in their own health, non-smoker, and supplement use by family (p < 0.05). In addition, supplement use was slightly associated with healthy dietary behavior such as consuming a variety of foods (p = 0.05) and current disease status (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: University students with relatively healthy lifestyles appear to take vitamin and mineral supplements, but they had little knowledge of the supplements. Given high prevalence of dietary supplement use among university students, nutrition education regarding supplement use is needed.
Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Demography ; Dietary Supplements ; Education ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Iron ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Minerals ; Prevalence ; Seoul* ; Vitamins*

The percutaneous left ventricular assist device (pLVAD) was developed for short-term use in patients who require acute circulatory support. The TandemHeart system can be inserted percutaneously in the cardiac catheterization laboratory using standard insertion techniques. The objective of this review is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of pLVAD only for the TandemHeart. The searches were conducted via electronic databases including Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library, and 942 non-duplicate citations were retrieved. A total of 20 studies (two randomized controlled trials, one cohort study, and 17 case series) were included for this review. Two review authors independently applied the extracted data and assessed the study quality. On the basis of current data, we recommend that the pLVAD be used as a potential treatment for rescue by the mechanical management of cardiogenic shock. On the other hand, the prophylactic use of the pLVAD requires more evidence from larger more effectively designed studies.
Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Cohort Studies ; Hand ; Heart-Assist Devices* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Shock, Cardiogenic

PURPOSE: This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of telemonitoring (TM) in the management of children and adolescents with asthma. METHODS: We searched Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and 5 domestic databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through December 2017. Two reviewers independently selected relevant studies, assessed methodological quality and extracted data. We performed a meta-analysis of TM versus usual care and summarized the intervention characteristics of included studies. RESULTS: Of the 3,095 articles identified, 8 RCTs (9 articles) were included in this review. The type of TM intervention of included studies was varying across studies (transmitted data, transmission frequency, data review, etc.). The pooled asthma control score was not significantly different between TM and usual care (standardized mean difference 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.20~0.28). Another pooled analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference in asthma exacerbation between TM and usual care (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.43~2.09). Overall, the pooled results from these studies revealed that TM did not lead to clinically significant improvements in health outcomes, but some studies in our analysis suggested that TM increased patient medication adherence and intervention adherence. CONCLUSION: The current evidence base does not demonstrate any differences between TM intervention and usual care, but TM intervention might be considered a promising strategy for the delivery of self-management support for children and adolescents with asthma. Further well-designed studies are needed to assess the effects on clinical outcomes.
Adolescent* ; Asthma* ; Child* ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Nursing ; Self Care ; Telemedicine

Objective: The study aimed to ascertain the clinical manifestations of inflammatory arthritis accompanying tuberculosis (TB) for the differential diagnosis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with active TB who presented with inflammatory arthropathy at Seoul Medical Center. Among 2,872 patients with active TB infection, 47 had inflammatory arthropathy: 14 had crystal-induced arthropathy; 12, TB arthritis; 12, Poncet’s disease (PD); 8, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA); and 1, septic arthritis. The clinical characteristics and laboratory and radiographic findings of each group were analyzed. Results: In TB arthritis, weight-bearing joints were more commonly affected than the elbow and wrist joints. When compared to TB arthritis, PD demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of polyarthritis and involved both large and small-to-mediumsized joints. The duration of arthritis symptoms after anti-TB treatment was significantly shorter in patients with PD (56 days vs. 90 days, p=0.028). When compared to PD, RA flares during active TB infection involved only small-to-medium-sized joints rather than a mixed distribution (62.5% vs. 16.7%, p=0.035). Patients with PD more commonly had fever at onset and showed a good response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone or were in remission within 3 months after anti-TB treatment. The presence of rheumatoid factor or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and radiographic progression after 12 months was frequently observed in patients with RA flares. Conclusion The differential diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis accompanying active tuberculosis infection is challenging. Comprehensive history taking and physical examination, synovial fluid analysis, and a high level of clinical suspicion are essential to avoid delayed diagnosis and to reduce the significant morbidity involved.

Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma (AFD) is a rare benign odontogenic tumor that resembles an ameloblastic fibroma with dysplastic dentin. This report presents a rare case of mandibular AFD with imaging features in a young patient. Panoramic radiography and computed tomography revealed a well-defined lesion with internal septa and calcified foci, causing inferior displacement of the adjacent molars as well as buccolingual cortical thinning and expansion of the posterior mandible. The lesion was surgically removed via mass excision, and the involved tooth was extracted under general anesthesia. During the 5-year follow-up period, no evidence of recurrence was observed. Radiologic features of AFD typically reveal a moderately to well-defined mixed lesion with varying degrees of radiopacity, reflecting the extent of dentin formation. Radiologists should consider AFD in the differential diagnosis when encountering a multilocular lesion with little dense radiopacity, particularly if it is associated with delayed eruption, impaction, or absence of involved teeth, on radiographic images of young patients.

Any strenuous muscular exercise may trigger rhabdomyolysis. We report an episode of clinically manifested exertional rhabdomyolysis due to stationary cycling, commonly known as spinning. Reports of spinning-related rhabdomyolysis are rare in the English literature, and the current case appears to be the first such case reported in South Korea. A previously healthy 21-year-old Asian woman presented with severe thigh pain and reddish-brown urinary discoloration 24–48 hours after attending a spinning class at a local gymnasium. Paired with key laboratory findings, her symptoms were suggestive of rhabdomyolysis. She required hospital admission to sustain renal function through fluid resuscitation therapy and fluid balance monitoring. Because exertional rhabdomyolysis may occur in any unfit but otherwise healthy individual who indulges in stationary cycling, the potential health risks of this activity must be considered.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Resuscitation ; Rhabdomyolysis* ; Thigh ; Water-Electrolyte Balance ; Young Adult

Any strenuous muscular exercise may trigger rhabdomyolysis. We report an episode of clinically manifested exertional rhabdomyolysis due to stationary cycling, commonly known as spinning. Reports of spinning-related rhabdomyolysis are rare in the English literature, and the current case appears to be the first such case reported in South Korea. A previously healthy 21-year-old Asian woman presented with severe thigh pain and reddish-brown urinary discoloration 24–48 hours after attending a spinning class at a local gymnasium. Paired with key laboratory findings, her symptoms were suggestive of rhabdomyolysis. She required hospital admission to sustain renal function through fluid resuscitation therapy and fluid balance monitoring. Because exertional rhabdomyolysis may occur in any unfit but otherwise healthy individual who indulges in stationary cycling, the potential health risks of this activity must be considered.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Resuscitation ; Rhabdomyolysis* ; Thigh ; Water-Electrolyte Balance ; Young Adult

When a ribosome complex is stalled during the translation elongation process in eukaryotes, the mono-ubiquitination of Rps3 has recently been shown to be critical to ribosome quality control. We have discovered that the regulatory role of Rps3 mono-ubiquitination is controlled by a deubiquitinase. We also showed that an autophagic signal appears to be coupled to the mono-ubiquitination of Rps3p through the entrance of Ubp3p into the autophagosome in yeasts. The mono-ubiquitination of the Rps3 protein is tightly modulated by reciprocal action between the Hel2p E3 ligase and the Ubp3p deubiquitinase in yeasts and the reciprocal action between the RNF123 E3 ligase and the USP10 deubiquitinase in mammalian cells. We also found that the Ubp3p/USP10 deubiquitinases critically modulate Hel2p/RNF123-mediated Rps3p mono-ubiquitination. In addition, we found that Hel2p/RNF123 and Ubp3p/USP10 appeared to be differently localized in the ribosome complex after ultraviolet irradiation. Together, our results support a model in which coordinated ubiquitination and deubiquitination activities can finely balance the level of regulatory Rps3p mono-ubiquitination in ribosome-associated quality control and autophagy processes.
Autophagy ; Eukaryota ; Quality Control* ; Ribosomes ; Ubiquitin ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases* ; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases ; Ubiquitination ; Yeasts

Enterovirus infection is often aggravated and manifests as various neurological complications such as aseptic meningitis, brainstem encephalitis, poliomyelitis-like acute flaccid paralysis, transverse myelitis, and severe systemic diseases. There are a few reports indicating that enterovirus is associated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), acute flaccid paralysis, or Guillain-Barre syndrome separately. However, none of these report ADEM and acute flaccid paralysis occurring simultaneously. Here, we present a case of combined ADEM and acute flaccid paralysis associated with enteroviral infection in a child and reviewed the relevant literature. A 5-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital for headache and vomiting with evident meningeal irritation signs. Despite of antibiotic therapy, his mental state rapidly declined to coma with abnormal upper motor neuron (UMN) signs. During 5 consecutive days of steroid pulse therapy, his abnormal UMN signs abruptly changed to flaccid paralysis. Suspected acute flaccid paralysis due to enterovirus prompted the addition of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). On hospital day 33, he was discharged with full recovery of muscle tone and strength with an alert mental state.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Brain Stem ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coma ; Encephalitis ; Encephalomyelitis ; Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated* ; Enterovirus ; Enterovirus Infections ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; Headache ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Male ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Motor Neurons ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Muscles ; Myelitis, Transverse ; Paralysis* ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVE: Understanding the neural functional organization of swallowing in the elderly is essential when diagnosing and treating older adults with swallowing difficulties. While brain-imaging studies in young adults have implicated multiple cortical regions in swallowing, only a few investigations were performed on older subjects. In this study, we aimed to compare neural activation in regions for swallowing between healthy young and older adults and to better understand neural control of deglutition, complex sensory-motor process which occurs as a result of old age. METHOD: Fifteen young and fifteen older healthy individuals without a swallowing problem were examined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during voluntary saliva swallowing. Functional image data was obtained with a T2 gradient-echo, echo planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence optimized for blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast. Two samples t-test was conducted to perform group comparison (younger adults versus older adults) for the areas in which the activation was larger for the swallowing condition than the non-swallow condition. RESULT: Both groups showed activations in areas involved in the motor control and execution. In both groups, main regions of activation included bilateral prefrontal cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, insula, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Between-group comparisons revealed statistically stronger activations in the prefrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus of older adults during swallowing. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that swallowing requires larger and more widespread areas of neural control in older adults group, especially in prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus. These findings suggest that more demanding swallowing tasks are necessary for elderly patients because of their inefficient neural network due to their age.
Adult ; Aged ; Basal Ganglia ; Cerebellum ; Deglutition* ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Methods ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Saliva ; Somatosensory Cortex ; Temporal Lobe ; Young Adult