AIM:ToobservetheeffectofcepharanthineonhumanlungadenocarcinomaLTEP-a-2cellgrowth, and to explore the changes of related microRNA ( miRNA) expression in the cells .METHODS:LTEP-a-2 cells were trea-ted with cepharanthine at concentrations of 0μmol/L, 10μmol/L, 20μmol/L and 40μmol/L.The growth inhibition rate was detected by MTT assay , and the cell morphological changes were observed under light microscope .The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry .The expression of let-7c, miR-34a and miR-34b was measured by real-time PCR.RE-SULTS:Cepharanthine inhibited the cell activity of LTEP-a-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner .With the increase in cepharanthine concentration , the pyknosis of the cells was visible under the inverted microscope .Flow cytometry analysis found that different concentrations of cepharanthine induced the increase in the apoptotic rates of LTEP -a-2 cells.The re-sults of real-time PCR showed that the cepharanthine also increased the expression of let -7c, miR-34a and miR-34b.CON-CLUSION:Cepharanthine inhibits the growth of LTEP-a-2 cells, and induces apoptosis .Cepharanthine increases the ex-pression of let-7c, miR-34a and miR-34b, indicating that these miRNAs in LTEP-a-2 cells has the function as tumor sup-pressor genes .

Objective To assess the capability of serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients.Methods From July 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, a prospective observational study of septic patients without AKI was carried out in Renmin Hospital, Tianjin Hospital, and Nankai Hospital, Tianjin.The patients with AKI which was developed after admission to intensive care unit (ICU) were assigned to AKI group and the patients without AKI were assigned to non-AKI group.Clinical data and serum and urine sample were collected at the admission, and at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 ,84 and 96 hours after admission for detecting creatinine and NGAL.The measurement data accorded with normal distribution were used for t test or variance analysis of repeated measures;comparison of measurement data in non-normal distribution was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test or Fridman test;comparison of count data was performed using Fisher exact probability method.ROC curve of serum or urine NGAL was plotted and the diagnostic values of serum or urine NGAL in predicting AKI were assessed by calculation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AuROC).Results Fifty septic patients were included.Thirty-five patients were in AKI group and fifteen in non-AKI group.The median age of AKI group was 73 and the median age of non-AKI group was 60 (IQR, 47-82).The urine NGAL (uNGAL) concentration in AKI group was higher than that in non-AKI group at the every interval and serum NGAL (sNGAL) was higher in AKI group than that in non-AKI group at only first twointervals.The uNGAL showed the capability of prediction for AKI progression at the 48 hour (AuROC=0.83,95% CI:0.70-0.97), 36 hours (AuROC=0.75,95%CI:0.59-0.91), 24 hours (AuROC=0.83,95%CI:0.70-0.95), 12 hours (AuROC=0.73,95%CI:0.60-0.88) prior to AKI occurred.The sNGAL showed capability of prediction at the 48 hours (AuROC=0.69,95%CI:0.51-0.88), 36 hours (AuROC=0.69,95%CI:0.52-0.87) prior to AKI occurred.Conclusions The sNGAL and uNGAL both were useful biomarker that predicted development of AKI in early stage.But the performance of sNGAL was slightly inferior to that of uNGAL for predicting development of AKI.

Objective ①Observing urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL)'s concentration variation under the intervention of sepsis; ②Evaluatingu NGAL' s diagnostic value for early acute kidney injury (AKI).Method Fifty-six SD (Sprague Dawley) rats were randomly (random number) divided into four groups,including 16 rats in model group (CLG),16 rats in Xuebijing group (XBG),16 rats in Huangqi and Chaihu injection jointly applied group (HCG),and 8 rats in sham operation group (SOG).The septic models in CLG group,HCG group and XBG group were established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).Then,the rats in HCG group was treated with intraperitoneal injectionby Huangqi and Chaihu injections; the XBG group was treated with intravenous injection by Xuebijing injection; the SOG group was treated with open surgery without CLP.After the CLP,serial urine and serum samples were obtained at baseline (just prior to operation),6 h,12 h,18 h,24 h,36 h,48 h,and 72 h,and were measured by sCr,uCr,uNa,and uNGAL.The line graph of uNGAL' s concentration variation was plotted,based on the time.Diagnostic characteristics of urinary NGAL in predicting AKI were assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).Results After the CLP,the uNGAL of sepsis model rats increased quickly within 6 hours.The time points of each group model reaching their peak were 6 hours after CLP in CLG groupand 24 hours after CLP in HCG group and XBG group.These groups' uNGAL all decreased quickly after the peak.The cuNGAL of sepsis model rats was increased quickly within 6 hours after CLP,reached its peak at 24 hours after CLP.In CLG group,the line graphs of uNGAL or cuNGAL were almost overlapped.There is little difference in the concentration of uNGAL or cuNGAL at each time point (uNGAL:6h,t=0.691; 12h,t=1.627; 18 h,t=0.511,cuNGAL:6h,t =0.371 ; 12 h,t =0.474; 18 h,t =-1.187.Statistical significance of all above value was P ＞0.05).InXBG group,the line graph of uNGAL and cuNGAL were not overlapped,but difference between uNGAL and cuNGAL concentration at each time point was not significant (uNGAL:6 h,t =1.222 ; 12 h,t =1.178 ; 18h,t=1.272; 24h,t=0.918; 36h,t =0.442.cuNGAL:6 h,t =1.482; 12 h,t =1.314; 18 h,t=1.280; 24 h,t =0.280; 36 h,t =0.467.Statistical significance of all above value was P ＞ 0.05).In HCG group,uNGAL of AKI rats were higher than non-AKI rats at each time points since 6 hours later (6 h,t =2.351,P＜0.05; 12h,t=3.086,P＜0.01; 18h,t=2.535,P＜0.05;24h,t=2.150,P＜0.05;36h,t =2.485,P ＜ 0.05),The average cuNGAL of AKI rats and non-AKI rats have statistical significance at 6h,18 h,and 24 h (6 h,t=3.013.P＜0.01; 18 h,t =4.804,P＜0.01; 24 h,t=2.682,P＜0.05).At 6 h,Uout can increase cuNGAL' s ability of predicting AKI' s occurrence in 24 hours (AUC increased from 0.839 to 0.900,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The intervention to the sepsis rats have influence on the secretion volume and secretion sequence of NGAL in rat urine.uNGAL and cuNGAL are good predictor of AKI occurrence in sepsis rats.

Objective To clarify the inhibitory effect of low molecular weight chitosan(LMCTS)on hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )in the rats, and to investigate its effect on the expression of Toll-like receptor-4(TLR4 )and to lay the foundation for the development of the clinical candidate drug of liver fibrosis. Methods 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group, CCl4 group (model group), glycyrrhizinate (DG)group,50,100 and 150 mg·kg-1 LMCTS groups (low,middle and high doses of LMCTS groups).In addition to blank control group,the rats in the remaining groups were given 40% CCl4-vegetable oil (1.75 mL·kg-1 ),2 times per week for 8 weeks,by intraperitoneal injection to establish the model of rat hepatic fibrosis.And the rats in blank control group were injected with the same amount of 100% vegetable oil agent. From the ninth week, the rats in DG and LMCTS groups were given DG and LMCTS by intragastric administration, 1 time/week for 4 weeks. Then all rats were sacrificed, the activities of serum glutamic acid aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST)and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)were detected with ELISA kit;the pathological changes in liver tissue were observed under light microscope, and the TLR4 expressions were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting method. Results The serum ALT, AST and ALP activities in middle and high doses of LMCTS groups were lower than those in model group (P<0.05).The serum ALT activity in middle dose of LMCTS group was lower than that in low dose of LMCTS group (P<0.05),but the activities of AST and ALP had no statistically significant change(P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the serum ALT, AST and ALP activities between high dose of LMCTS group and middle dose of LMCTS group (P<0.05).There were obvious hepatocyte steatosis,inflammatory cell infiltration,collagen fiber hyperplasia and hepatic lobule damage in the rats in model group.However,all the changes in liver tissue of the rats in LMCTS group were significantly reduced, especially in high dose group. The results of RT-PCR and Western blotting method showed that the expression of TLR4 was declined in LMCTS groups compared with model group (P<0.05,P<0.01),especially in high dose of LMCTS group,and there were statistically significant differences between different doses of LMCTS groups (P<0.05).Conclusion High dose of LMCTS can decrease the serum transaminase activity of liver fibrosis rats and improve liver function,and this process may be related to declining the expression of TLR4 .

Background and purpose:miR-196a2 functions as an oncogene during tumor initiation and pro-gression. The up-regulation promotes tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Therefore, it is promising to be an important tumor biomarker. The aim of this study was to investigate whether rs11614913, a gene polymorphic site ofmiR-196a2, is associated with the risk of leukemia.Methods:A case-control analysis was employed. Bone marrow or periph-eral blood was collected from 210 leukemia patients diagnosed from Jan. 2009 to Jul. 2015 in Yantaishan Hospital (case group) as well as 250 healthy people who were physically examined during the same period (control group). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-PFLP) was used to detect the genotype of rs11614913. Application test was used to compare the difference in the frequency of each genotype between case group and control group. The odds ratio (OR) of SNP allelic genes was calculated using logistic regression analysis and 95%CI represented the risk of leukemia for each genotype.Results:The distribution differences in the frequency of T/T, C/C, C/T genotype of miR-196a2 rs11614913 between case group and control group were statistically significant (P<0.05). The risk of leukemia for individuals who carried mutant homozygous C/C was 2.661-fold higher than those carried wild-type homozygous T/T, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:ThemiR-196a2 gene polymorphic site rs11614913 was associated with the risk of leukemia. Mutant homozygous C/C or C allelic gene carrying was probably a risk factor for leukemia.

Objective To evaluate the different methods of blood purification for acute septic renal injury (AKI) in respect of outcome by using RIFLE(risk,injury,failure,loss and end-stage renal disease)criteria and A-PACHE Ⅱ score. MethodData of 96 patients with ASRI admired to ICU of Tianhe Hospital, Tianjin, from March 2004 to September 2006 were analyzed. Including criteria: 2001 International Sepsis Definitions Conference and 2004 RIFLE criteria of AKI. The methods of blood purification used continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT, n=54) and imermittent hemodialysis (IHD, n=42).The patients of CRRT group could be classified into stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ referred to RIFLE criteria. Excel was evaluated to set up clinical data base from documented material. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 11. 5 software. Physical signs, laboratory findings, variation of APACHE Ⅱ score and outcomes of patients were documented evaluated. Data of two groups compared using indepent samples T test, before and after the treatment compared using paired-samples T test, rate compared using chi-square test. Results①There were no statistical differences in APACHE Ⅱ score and creatinine (Cr) between CRRT group and IHD group before treatment (P>0.05). The mortalities of CRRT group and IHD group were 51.9％ and 52.4％, respectively (P>0.05), but the recovery rates of renal function in CRRT group and IHD group were 92.3％ and 65.0％ ,respectively (P< 0.05).②Mean arterial pressure (MAP),oxygen saturation (SpO2) of CRRT group were lower than those of IHD group (P<0.05) and they increased to some extent after treatment (P< 0.05). ③In the patients of stag Ⅰ ,the survival rate was 78.6％, APACHE Ⅱ score was 25.4± 2.5 before treatment, renal function recovery rate was 90.9％ ,and APACHE Ⅱ changed - 13.6 ± 4.3, while those relevant markers in the patients of stage Ⅲ were 38.1％, 36.1 ± 5.7,62.5 ％ and - 7.1 ± 4.2, respectively (P<0.05). ConclusionsThe RIFLE criteria has guiding significance for the early diagnosis and prognosis of ASRI,and the RIFLE and APACHE Ⅲ score may help to choose the optimum opportunity of treatment and the early CRRT as soon as possible after diagnosis can improve the outcome of patients with acute septic renal injury.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for glycine assay in the human thrombin. Methods The sample was derivatized with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). HPLC was performed on an ODS-C₁₈ column with 50% acetonitrile –0.05mol/L sodium acetate buffer (35:65) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and detection wavelength at 360 nm. Results The linear range of glycine was 0.006-0.030 mg/ml (r=0.999 6). The average recovery was 100.4%, with RSD 0.44% (n=9). Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and specific. It is suitable for glycine assay in human thrombin.

Objective: To analyze relationships between levels of 24 hour movement (physical activity, screen time and sleep) and childhood obesity in students aged 7-18 years. Methods: This study used data from students aged 7-18 years in the 2015 China health and nutrition survey, and assessed levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep based on the Canadian 24 hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth. Associations between levels of 24 hour movement and childhood obesity were assessed using multivariable Logistic regression models. Results: The overall rate of overweight and obesity was 21.56%. Proportions of students meeting the guidelines for physical activity, screen time, sleep and three behaviors combined were 24.84%, 38.69%, 57.08%, and 6.77%, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, location of residence and nationality, students meeting the sleep guideline were less likely to be overweight and obese than those who did not(OR=0.73)， students meeting both sleep and screen time guidelines had a lower risk in overweight and obesity than those met neither guidelines(OR=0.58)(P<0.05). However, other behaviors and behavior combinations showed no significant associations with overweight and obesity. Conclusion Only a small proportion of students met all three 24 hour movement guidelines. Ensuring adequate sleep and limiting excessive screen time may be an important strategy for childhood obesity prevention and management.

Objective: To identify the stakeholders of prevention and control of obesity among middle school students and analyze their motivations and interest demands for participation, in order to provide constructive recommendations for facilitating their effective engagement of stakeholders in prevention and control of obesity among middle school students. Methods: Stakeholders and their types were identified through a combination of literature analysis and consultation with 17 experts in children and adolescents for prevention and control of obesity. From December 2023 to January 2024, by applying convenience sampling, face to face semi structured interviews were conducted with 11 individuals engaged in prevention and control of obesity for middle school students and focus group interviews were conducted with 48 students and parents. Thematic analysis was employed to obtain motivations and interest demands for stakeholder involvement in prevention and control of obesity. Results: A total of 29 subcategories within 7 major categories of stakeholders were identified, including government and relevant functional departments, non profit organizations and communities, forprofit organizations and individuals, schools, professional and technical personnel, families and individuals, and scientific research institutions, with 28 subcategories being confirmed stakeholders. Among these stakeholders, there were 3 types of cooperative relationships:management, cooperation, and service. There were some factors hindering cooperation among stakeholders including imperfections in specialized policies and lack of long term cooperative mechanisms, flaws and interest conflicts in the evaluation system, insufficiency of material resources, and poor health values. In response to these challenges, interviewees proposed to convene a working group for the prevention and control of adolescent obesity. They also suggested making a contract of responsibility, strengthening supervision over for profit organizations, enhancing advocating efforts for prevention and control of obesity, and increasing financial support. Conclusions The prevention and control of obesity for middle school students can be facilitated by forming a collaborative alliance based on the roles and relationships of stakeholders identified in the present study. Perceived conflicts of interest among stakeholders can be reconciled by employing strategies of interest integration, goal alignment, and spiritual integration, to enhance the feasibility, participation and sustainability of obesity intervention.

OBJECTIVETo apply Fuzzy mathematical methods to choose the best taste modifying prescription of oral solution of traditional Chinese drug.

METHODJin-Fukang oral solution was used as a model drug. The oral solution was prepared in different taste modifying prescriptions, whose tastes were evaluated by the fuzzy quality synthetic evaluation system.

RESULTCompound-sweeteners with Sucralose and Erythritol was the best choice.

CONCLUSIONFuzzy integrated evaluation can be used to evaluate the taste of traditional Chinese medicinal pharmaceuticals, which overcame the artificial factors and achieve more objective conclusion.

Administration, Oral ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Fuzzy Logic ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Sweetening Agents ; pharmacology ; Taste ; drug effects