Gastric cancer is common in the world. Only 40 % of the patients can be treated by radical operation. Even for those patients who undergo radical resection, the rate of recurrence or distant metastasis is high. To increase the chance of curative surgery and improve survival for gastric cancer, combined-modality treatments have been investigated. There are different therapeutic modes, chemotherapeutic regimens and treatment results between Eastern countries and Western countries. The current status and advance on the adjuvant and neo-adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer were reported.

Background and purpose:Majority of patients with B cell lymphoma often achieve complete clinical remission after systemic treatment, but half of the patients ultimately relapse. The residual neoplastic cells, commonly called ‘minimal residual disease’ (MRD), are thought to be the source of relapse. But not all of the patients whose results of IgH rearrangement were positive had relapse or distant involvement. It was thought that the patients whose IgH rearrangement was positive relapsed or not may be associated with the quantity of IgH rearrangement. The study tried to investigate the feasibility and clinical significance of detecting immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in DLBCL by SYBR Green RT-FQ-PCR. Methods:Fifty-seven bone marrow specimens from 44 patients diagnosed with DLBCL were used to detect IgH-R. Namalwa cell line and U-937 cell line were used for positive and negative control respectively. The ?-actin gene was chosen as inter control. DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol and then was amplified by SYBR Green RT-FQ-PCR targeting the IgH-R CDR Ⅲ.Results:Melting curve analysis could confirm the specificity of IgH-R. The positive rate detected by RT-FQ-PCR was 63.2%. The positive results of IgH/?-actin were between 0.01 and 4131.69, and the median was 0.42. There was a significant difference between stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ in IgH-R quantity (P=0.018). Nonparametric test showed that there was a significant difference between patients with normal LDH and patients with elevated LDH (P=0.046).Conclusions:SYBR Green RT-FQ-PCR is a valuable, feasible and sensitive tool to detect IgH rearrangement in DLBCL. Detecting IgH-R using RT-FQ-PCR can help staging more accurately.

Astract: Objective To explore the efifcacy and safety of endoscopic tissue adhesive injection in treatment of gastric variceal bleeding from liver cirrhosis.Methods Object of study are 92 cirrhotic patients (72 male/20 female) in hospital, who had been diagnosed with gastric varices bleeding from June 2014 to May 2016. Child-Pugh score at presentation for cirrhotic patients was A-28; B-36; C-28. According to endoscopic classiifcation of gastric varices, GEV1 were detected in 80 patients, GEV2 in 12. All patients were treated with endoscopic hypertonic glucose tissue adhesive ‘sandwich’ injection.Result Successful injection rate was 100.0% in 92 patients, among which 40 patients had accepted emergency endoscopic treatment and the immediate hemostasis rate was 100.0%. 65 patients were Having gastroscope review after the injection six months, 22 patients were significantly effective, accounting for 33.8%; 38 patients were effective, accounting for 58.4%; 5 patients were invalid, accounting for 7.7%. All the patients were followed up in 1 to 24 months. The late-rebleeding rate was 2.2%. None of them were having early-rebleeding or dead; Complications the incidence of rebleeding rate which caused by removing the needles which trapped in the varices was 2.2%. The incidence of chest pain rate was 4.3%, the bloating rate was 6.5% and the ulceration rate was 15.2%. There was no complications like fever, infection, stomachache, embolism and so on.Conclusion With low rebleeding rate and light side-effect, endoscopic tissue adhesive injection in the treatment of gastric variceal bleeding caused by cirrhosis portal hypertension has really good effect.

OBJECTIVEThe efficacies of the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) antagonists--ramosetron (0.3 mg) and granisetron (3 mg) in treating acute chemotherapy-induced digestive system dysunction were compared.

METHODSA total of 111 patients were enrolled in a single-blind, randomised crossover study; with data from 98 were used to assess efficacy and data from 110 to assess the safety profile. Ramosetron or granisetron was given intraveneously 15 min befire chemotherpy.

RESULTSThe ability of ramosetron to prevent emesis, nausea and anorexia was similar to granisetron during the first 6 h following the administration of chemotherapy, ciplatin or doxorubicin. However, during the first 24 h after chemotherapy, significant differences between ramosetron and granisetron appeared: emetic episode (P = 0.068), nausea (P = 0.006), and anorexia (P = 0.048) remained lower in ramosetron-treated patients. The safety profile of ramosetron was similar to that of granisetron and adverse events in both groups were generally mild and transient.

CONCLUSIONRamosetron is more potent and longer-lasting than granisetron in preventing chemotherapy-induced digestive disturbances.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anorexia ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Benzimidazoles ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; adverse effects ; Cross-Over Studies ; Doxorubicin ; adverse effects ; Female ; Granisetron ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Serotonin Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Single-Blind Method ; Vomiting, Anticipatory ; etiology ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of nausea oral, disintegrating buccal tablet (DBT) in the prevention of gastrointestinal reaction induced by anticancer drugs (cisplatin DDP 30 - 50 mg/m(2) or adramycin ADM >/= 40 mg/m(2)), as compared with those of kytril tablets.

METHODSA multicenter, open and randomized self-crossover control trial was carried out with all the eligible patients randomized into AB or BA group. Patients in AB group were given nausea 0.1 mg as buccal tablet one hour before chemotherapy in the first cycle and kytril tablet 2 mg in the second cycle, those in BA group were given these drugs in the reverse order.

RESULTSSeventy-three patients were allotted to this study, including 44 patients in DDP-arm and 29 in ADM-arm. Sixty-two patients were evaluable for response and 70 patients for safety. Nausea DBT was as effective as kytril tablet in the control of anorexia, nausea and vomiting during the first 24 hours after chemotherapy, with response rates of 74.2%, 77.4%, 83.9% in nausea DBT and 74.2%, 71.0%, 88.7% DBT in kytril tablets. A high efficacy in the control of vommitting induced by cisplatin was observed in both nausea DBT and kytril tablets. The complete control rates and overall control rates were 83.3%, 91.7% in nausea DBT and 86.1%, 97.2% in kytril tablets, respectively. The side effects of nausea DBT were head heaviness, dry mouth and somnolence, which were mild and comparable with kytril in their frequencies.

CONCLUSIONNausea disintegrating buccal tablet is able to effectively prevent gastrointestinal reaction induced by anticancer drugs, with efficacy and side effects similar to kytril tablets. Nausea DB tablet, an intraoral disintegrator, is very convenient for patients who can not swallow tablets for various reasons.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiemetics ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Cisplatin ; adverse effects ; Digestive System ; drug effects ; Doxorubicin ; adverse effects ; Female ; Granisetron ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Ondansetron ; Tablets ; Treatment Outcome ; Vomiting ; chemically induced ; drug therapy

Cell therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been a hot research topic in recent years, including the traditional cell therapy strategy based on living cells and the new cell-free therapy strategy based on soluble proteins or bioactive molecules such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). At present, MSC-induced cells have mature functions and specific structures, and insitu transplantation combined with biomaterials or organic technology has greatly improved the settlement rate and function. On the other hand, as the large-scale culture technique and EVs separation technique evolve, it is possible to obtain a large number of pure EVs, and EVs are gradually becoming a hot spot of current research. An increasing number of studies have shown that the therapeutic effect of MSCs not only occurs by implantation and differentiation but also manifests as the paracrine effect of MSCs. In this review, we discuss the emerging outcomes of cell therapies and acellular therapies to alleviate these pathological conditions.