The TIPE( tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8-like) family has been recently described as regulators of tu-morigenesis and inflammation .The family consists of four highly homologous members: TNFAIP8 ( tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8), TIPE1 (TNFAIP8L1), TIPE2 (TNFAIP8L2) and TIPE3 (TNFAIP8L3).Although TNFAIP8 family share high degrees of sequence homology , the members have different histological expressions , biological functions and molecular targets .TNFAIP8 shows the functions of inhibiting bacterial infection and promoting tumor migration .As a negative regulator of immunity and inflammation , TIPE2 is also an inhibitor of the oncogenic Ras in some neoplastic diseases .TIPE1 can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor .TIPE3 is the transfer protein of phosphoinositide second messengers and can promote cancer .Emerging studies show TIPE family play important regulatory roles in many diseases;however, specific biological activities and exact molecular mechanisms need to be further elucidated .

Objective:To investigate setup errors of two fixation methods of transparent head pillow and vacuum bag head pillow in patients with head and neck tumors when undergoing radiotherapy.Methods:A total of 40 patients with head and neck tumors undergoing radiotherapy admitted to Meizhou People's Hospital of Guangdong Province from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected and randomly divided into the control group (transparent head pillow fixation) and the research group (vacuum bag head pillow fixation), with 20 cases in each group. Kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to obtain the registration image data of each patient for 10 times during the linear accelerator treatment. The linear and rotational positioning errors of two groups were also analyzed.Results:The linear setup errors in the direction of left-right (X-axis), head-foot (Y-axis) and front-back (Z-axis) were (1.1±0.8) mm, (0.9±0.8) mm and (1.2±0.9) mm in the study group, and (1.3±1.1) mm, (1.1±1.1) mm and (1.4±1.1) mm in the control group. The rotation setup error of X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis was (0.73±0.52) °, (1.08±0.89) ° and (0.89±0.74) °, respectively in the study group, and (0.81±0.69) °, (1.38±1.05) °, (0.88±0.70) °, respectively in the control group. The difference of linear setup error in Y-axis and Z-axis was statistically significant ( P = 0.016, P = 0.004). The difference of rotation setup error in X-axis and Y-axis was statistically significant ( P = 0.036, P = 0.001). Conclusion:The vacuum pillow is better than the transparent pillow in improving the rotation error and linear error for patients with head and neck tumors undergoing radiotherapy.

Objective: To study the more safe and accurate guidance scheme of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: CBCT was regularly performed on 87 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Meizhou People's Hospital from November 2014 to August 2015. For each patient, 10 times CBCT scans were obtained pre-treatment. All the setup errors were obtained and analysed on the orientation X (left and right), Y (head and foot) and Z (vertical) axis. Results: With the increase of the number of CBCT scans, there was no statistically significant difference among the mean setup errors of the 10 times scans in X (left and right) and Y (head and foot) directions (all P > 0.05). And there was no statistically significant difference among the mean setup errors of 6 times scans in Z (vertical) direction, but from the beginning of the 7th, the systematic error in Z direction was increasing, the system error of the 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th time was 0.140, 0.292, 0.461, and 0.640 mm. Moreover, the difference of the mean systematic errors among the first 7 times was statistically significant (H = 15.232, P = 0.019), and the differences of the mean systematic errors among the first 8, 9 and 10 times were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Non-consecutive scans of CBCT could reduce the systematic and random errors. The appropriate frequency of application of CBCT based on the change law of setup errors is an ideal CBCT guidance scheme for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To analyze set-up errors for irradiation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by using kilo-voltage cone beam computed tomography (kV-KBCT) scanning, and to calculate the external margin from planning target volume (PTV) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods A total of 150 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in Meizhou People's Hospital from December 2014 to November 2016 were treated by image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), kV-KBCT, CT image scanning matcthed by bone and grey alignment. PTV of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was also calculated. Results According to PTV formula, the external distance before radiotherapy guided by grey alignment was 0.5 mm in X-axis, 0.4 mm in Y-axis, 0.8 mm in Z-axis. While the distance was 0.1 mm in X-axis, 0.5 mm in Y-axis, 1.7 mm in Z-axis guided by bone alignment. After radiotherapy, the external distance guided by grey alignment was 0.4 mm in X-axis, 0.5 mm in Y-axis, 0.9 mm in Z-axis. While the distance was 0.1 mm in X-axis, 0.9 mm in Y-axis, 2.0 mm in Z-axis guided by bone alignment. There was no significant difference in set-up errors of 3 directions and 2 aligned ways before and after treatment.Conclusions The PTV within 3 mm is safe when IGRT is used for directing radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and kV-KBCT is an effective image equipment.