PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings associated with posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) syndrome. METHODS: Approval from the Institutional Review Board was obtained. A retrospective review of 908 patients' sonographic images of the upper extremity from January 2001 to October 2010 revealed 10 patients suspicious for a PIN abnormality (7 male and 3 female patients; mean age of 51.8±13.1 years; age range, 32 to 79 years). The ultrasonographic findings of PIN syndrome, including changes in the PIN and adjacent secondary changes, were evaluated. The anteroposterior diameter of the pathologic PIN was measured in eight patients and the anteroposterior diameter of the contralateral asymptomatic PIN was measured in six patients, all at the level immediately proximal to the proximal supinator border. The size of the pathologic nerves and contralateral asymptomatic nerves was compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Swelling of the PIN proximal to the supinator canal by compression at the arcade of Fröhse was observed in four cases. Swelling of the PIN distal to the supinator canal was observed in one case. Loss of the perineural fat plane in the supinator canal was observed in one case. Four soft tissue masses were noted. Secondary denervation atrophy of the supinator and extensor muscles was observed in two cases. The mean anteroposterior diameter of the pathologic nerves (n=8, 1.79±0.43 mm) was significantly larger than that of the contralateral asymptomatic nerves (n=6, 1.02±0.22 mm) (P=0.003). CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography provides high-resolution images of the PIN and helps to diagnose PIN syndrome through visualization of its various causes and adjacent secondary changes.
Atrophy ; Denervation ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Nerve Compression Syndromes ; Radial Nerve ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Upper Extremity

Objective: The frequency and severity of dog bite injuries were reported to increase during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examined the status of dog bite injuries in Korea and the changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Patient information was obtained from in-depth research data on patients from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The general characteristics, the situation and location at the time of the dog bite injury, severity, and the means of transport to the emergency department (ED) were evaluated, and the excess mortality ratio-adjusted injury severity score was determined to evaluate the severity. The differences between the pre-COVID pandemic (2019) and post-COVID pandemic (2020) were compared, and subgroups by age were also analyzed. Results: Under the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients decreased in all age groups. In contrast, the severity, especially in the under-19-year-old group, showed a slight but significant increase. In addition, dog bite injuries occurred most frequently in the home, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion The severity of dog bites in those under the age of 19 was highest, which should be considered when setting more appropriate guidelines for the classification and treatment of dog-bite patients in an ED. Dog bite injuries occur most frequently during daily activity in the house. This tendency was further strengthened in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The frequency and severity of dog bite injuries were reported to increase during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examined the status of dog bite injuries in Korea and the changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Patient information was obtained from in-depth research data on patients from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The general characteristics, the situation and location at the time of the dog bite injury, severity, and the means of transport to the emergency department (ED) were evaluated, and the excess mortality ratio-adjusted injury severity score was determined to evaluate the severity. The differences between the pre-COVID pandemic (2019) and post-COVID pandemic (2020) were compared, and subgroups by age were also analyzed. Results: Under the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients decreased in all age groups. In contrast, the severity, especially in the under-19-year-old group, showed a slight but significant increase. In addition, dog bite injuries occurred most frequently in the home, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion The severity of dog bites in those under the age of 19 was highest, which should be considered when setting more appropriate guidelines for the classification and treatment of dog-bite patients in an ED. Dog bite injuries occur most frequently during daily activity in the house. This tendency was further strengthened in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The frequency and severity of dog bite injuries were reported to increase during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examined the status of dog bite injuries in Korea and the changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Patient information was obtained from in-depth research data on patients from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The general characteristics, the situation and location at the time of the dog bite injury, severity, and the means of transport to the emergency department (ED) were evaluated, and the excess mortality ratio-adjusted injury severity score was determined to evaluate the severity. The differences between the pre-COVID pandemic (2019) and post-COVID pandemic (2020) were compared, and subgroups by age were also analyzed. Results: Under the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients decreased in all age groups. In contrast, the severity, especially in the under-19-year-old group, showed a slight but significant increase. In addition, dog bite injuries occurred most frequently in the home, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion The severity of dog bites in those under the age of 19 was highest, which should be considered when setting more appropriate guidelines for the classification and treatment of dog-bite patients in an ED. Dog bite injuries occur most frequently during daily activity in the house. This tendency was further strengthened in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Considerable evidence has been published since the 2020 Korean Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guidelines were reported. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) also publishes the Consensus on CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) summary annually. This review provides expert opinions by reviewing the recent evidence on CPR and ILCOR treatment recommendations. The authors reviewed the CoSTR summary published by ILCOR in 2021 and 2022. PICO (population, intervention, comparator, outcome) questions for each topic were reviewed using a systemic or scoping review methodology. Two experts were appointed for each question and reviewed the topic independently. Topics suggested by the reviewers for revision or additional description of the guidelines were discussed at a consensus conference. Forty-three questions were reviewed, including 15 on basic life support, seven on advanced life support, two on pediatric life support, 11 on neonatal life support, six on education and teams, one on first aid, and one related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Finally, the current Korean CPR Guideline was maintained for 28 questions, and expert opinions were suggested for 15 questions.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to achieve expert consensus for the evaluation of Emergency medical system operation fund (EMSOF) support projects using the Delphi method in Korea. METHODS: The Delphi study was performed in June 2018. Experts who are members of the policy committee of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine (KSEM) participated in the study. Respondents were asked to express their level of agreement of appropriateness for the following 6 categories for 21 projects: project contents, amount of support, indicators, performance, overall evaluation, and need to maintain. With a possible score of 9 points, the project categories were classified into 3 groups, inappropriate, moderate and appropriate, based on the median score of the respondents' ratings in each question. RESULTS: Sixteen of the 18 policy committee members participated in the survey. Their average professional work years were 8.2 years. All 21 projects were evaluated as appropriate for content. Amount of support and indicators were evaluated as moderate. Only 5 out of the 21 projects were evaluated as having appropriate indicators. No projects were evaluated as ineffective. Comprehensive evaluation of the projects was evaluated as moderate, and no project was evaluated as inappropriate in fund support. CONCLUSION: Overall, the contents of the EMSOF assistance project were rated high; however, there was a disagreement on the amount of support and evaluation indicators for each project. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data to improve the use of EMSOF.
Committee Membership ; Consensus ; Delphi Technique ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medicine ; Financial Management ; Korea ; Methods ; Resource Allocation ; Surveys and Questionnaires