Objective To study the expression of CD44v6 and CD44s in bladder transitional cell carcinomas. Methods: The immunohistochemical staining of monoclonsl antibodies CD44v6 and CD44s were operated in 79 bladder transitional cell carinomas. Results (1) A strong expression of CD44v6 and CD44s were observed in atypical proliferation cells of bladder caricnoma in situ. (2) CD44v6 and CD44s expressed in recurrent I or Ⅱ grade transitional cell carcinomas were 90%(18/20) and 40%(8/20). (3) The positive expression rates of CD44v6 and CD44s were 43. 1%(31/72) and 13. 9%(10/72)in invasive transitional cell carcinomas; moreover, the expression of CD44v6 reduced with the poor differentiation and the deeply invasive growth of transitional eell carcinomas. Conclusion The investigation results suggested that CD44v6 played a role in the formation and recurrence of the bladder transitional cell carcinomas, but the reduced expression of CD44v6 probably related with the poor differentiation and invasive growth of the bladder transitional cell carcinomas.

Objectives To study the changes of gastrointestinal hormones in chronic constipation. Methods 17 outpatient chronic constipation patients, and 10 normal persons were respectively chosen as observation group and control group. Fasting blood samples were taken in all patients. The serum levels of somatostatin (SS) and substance P (SP) were tested using RIA method.Results The serum level of SS and SP in observation group were (120.57?27.84)pg/ml and (7.68?2.5)pg/ml respectively, significantly higher than that in control group (P

Objective To clone survivin gene, prepare its monoclonal antibody(McAb) and check its expression in liver carcinoma cells.Methods Survivin gene cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR from human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and constructed into prokaryocytic expression vector.Fusion-protein of human Survivin was expressed and used for immunizing BALB/C mice.The spleen cells from immunized mice were fused with SP2/0 cells and selectively cultured with HAT medium.ELISA and Western blot were used to screen and identify the McAbs.Immunocytochemical staining was applied for survivin expression in liver carcinoma cells.Results The full survivin gene was cloned. The hybridoma cell that secret specific monoclonal antibody against human surviving was identified.The immunoglobulin subclasses of the McAbs were IgG1.Western blot showed that the McAbs against survivin can specifically react with MS-Survivin fusion protein. The positive reaction was found in hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 and hepatocarcinoma tissue by immunocytochemical staining.Conclusion The McAbs against the human Survivin were successfully prepared by a MS2-Survivin fusion protein expressed by E.coli. and the McAb had positive reaction with HepG2 and hepatocarcinoma tissue. It may be a useful tool to study the functions of survivin and check clinical cancer samples.

Objective To explore the effect of a herbalcompound Gehua Jiejue Dizhi Decoction (GJDD) on the liver fat deposition and the expression of PXR, and the mRNA and protein expression of its target genes CYP3A11 and CYP3A25in the liver tissues of mouse models of alcoholic fatty liver.Methods Twenty-nine healthy male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group (n=5), model group (n=8), high dose GJDD group (n=8)and low dose GJDD group (n=8).The mouse model of alcoholic fatty liver was prepared according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) method.Then, the mice were treated with the high dose and low dose GJDD for 9 days.Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Liver fat deposition was detected by oil red O staining.Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the expressions of PXR, CYP3A11 and CYP3A25.Results Compared with the model group, the liver fat deposition in the intervention groups was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner, with a significant increase of the expression of PXR and CYP3A25 (P < 0.01).The serum ALT level was significantly reduced in the model group (P < 0.01), while the transcriptional levels of CYP3A11 mRNA in the groups were similar (P ≥ 0.05).Conclusions Gehua Jiejue Dizhi Decoction has obvious therapeutic effect on the AFLD in mice, which may be related to the activation of PXR and its target genes CYP3A25.

Objective To explore the association between SLC2A9,SLC17A3,ABCG2 single nucleotide polymorphisms and gout susceptibility in Quanzhou.Methods One hundred and fifty-four cases of gout patients and 160 healthy controls were selected,single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of SLC2A9 SLC17A3,ABCG2 with tri-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were tested and the relation between different genotypes and primary gout prevalence were analyzed.Results High risk genotype frequency of rs16890979 was 93.5％ and 70.0％ in patients and healthy people,respectively (the difference of genotype frequency between the two groups was statistically significant (x2=55.377,P＜0.01).High risk allele frequency was 79.9％ and 48.4％ in patients and healthy people,respectively (allele frequency in different population was statistically significant,x2=67.128,P＜0.01).High risk genotype frequency of rs2231142 was 68.8％ and 38.7％ in patients and healthy people,respectively (the difference of the genotype frequency was statistically significant,x2=29.129,P＜0.01);High risk allele frequency was 43.5％ and 23.4％ in patients and healthy people,respectively (the difference of allele frequency was statistically significant,x2=28.468,P＜0.01) ; rs1165205was a protective SNP,low risk genotype frequency was 42.2％ and 45.6％ in patients and healthy people,respectively (the difference of genotype frequency was statistically significant,x2=0.373,P=0.571); High risk allele frequency was 26.0％ and 28.1％ in patients and healthy people,respectively (the difference of allele frequency was not statistically significant,x2=0.270,P=0.364).Conclusion SNP loci rs16890979 of SLC2A9 gene and rs2231142 of ABCG2 gene can be used as genetic markers for primary gout susceptibility in the Quanzhou area,but SNP loci rs1165205 of SLC17A3 gene has little correlation with the prevalence of primary gout in Quanzhou residents.

Background: It is unknown if medication-overuse headache, clinically similar to chronic tension-type headache, has pre-attentive problems which may be related to pain or substance abuse. Methods: Auditory frequency deviance elicited mismatch negativity was recorded from 22 patients with chronic tension-type headache, 26 with medication-overuse headache from underlying chronic tension-type headache and 41 healthy volunteers as controls. Their depression and anxiety scores were noted. Results: There were no signifi cant differences in the N1 latency or amplitude to both standard and deviant stimuli for the different groups. However, the latency and amplitude of mismatch negativity were signifi cantly shortened and reduced at Fz, Cz, and Pz in medication-overuse headache as compared to chronic tension-type headache and normal subjects. Anxiety levels were elevated in chronic tensiontype headache and medication-overuse headache subjects compared to healthy controls but were not correlated with mismatch negativity latency or amplitude in a given group. Conclusions: In medication-overuse headache subjects, the shortened mismatch negativity latency indicates quick involuntary attention switching to auditory change, while its reduced amplitude indicates poor accuracy in discriminating early stimuli, which may be related to medication overuse rather than to the head pain experienced.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhiae, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata and Rhizoma Anemarrhena on nitric oxide (NO) system of heart, liver, intestine, lung, kidney and serum in mice with endotoxemia, and to explore the potential molecular mechanism of the three kinds of traditional Chinese drugs.

METHODSModel mice of endotoxemia were established by intraperitoneally injected with E. coli. endotoxin at the dose of 6 mg/kg. The levels of NO, nitric oxide synthase ( NOS) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) in heart, liver, intestine, lung, kidney and serum of mice were measured at the points after injection for 4 hours, 8 hours and 24 hours, respectively.

RESULTS(1) Radix Salviae Miltiorrhiae could significantly increase the contents of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) and SOD in the above tissues and serum, while decrease the content of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). (2) As compared with the model group, Radix Aconiti Lateralis could significantly decrease the contents of iNOS and NO, increase content of SOD in heart, lung and kidney tissues. (3) N.-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) significantly decreased the content of iNOS, NO and SOD in all above tissues and serum, and also decreased the content of cNOS in lung and kidney tissues and serum. (4) Rhizoma Anemarrhenae could significantly increase the concentrations of iNOS and NO and decrease content of SOD in liver, lung and kidney tissues than those in the model group.

CONCLUSIONRadix Salviae Miltiorrhiae and Radix Aconiti Lateralis have a protective effect on the endotoxemia mice by suppressing the content of iNOS to reduce the production of NO induced by iNOS. At the same time, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhiae can improve the mice symptoms by increasing the beneficial NO through the increasing production of cNOS. Rhizoma Anemarrhenae can aggravate the injury of endotoxemia mice by increasing the production of NO due to producing large numbers of iNOS. L-NNA, non-selective inhibitor of NOS, aggravates damage of tissues and increases mortality, though it can reduce the increase of iNOS and NO induced by lipopolysaccharide.

Aconitum ; Anemarrhena ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Endotoxemia ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Mice ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Salvia miltiorrhiza

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of ziprasidone and risperidone on cognitive inhibition function through visual pathway of patients with paranoid schizophrenia.MethodsIn the open-label,flexible-dosage trial,124 patients with paranoid schizophrenia were randomly divided into ziprasidone group (120-160 mg/d)and risperidone group(4-8 mg/d) for treatment of 8 weeks.They were assessed with computerized Color Word Test (CWT) and Continuous Performance Test(CPT) through visual pathway for cognitive inhibition function,Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for efficacy on baseline and 8th weekend.ResultsAfter treatment with ziprasidone,the error number (3.12 ± 5.23 ),the time per correct answer( ( 1.92 ± 1.38 ) s) of CWT,as well as the doubledigit mistaken number (2.31 ± 3.76)and the three-figure mistaken number( 3.15 ±2.80) of CPT reduced more than those before medication ( (4.60 ± 6.80),( 2.74 ± 1.52 ) s,(3.85 ± 3.62 ),(4.42 ± 3.53 ) ) (P ＜ 0.05 ).In risperidone.group,the double-digit mistake number of CPT(3.39 ± 3.59) after pharmacotherapy reduced more than that before pharmacotherapy(4.23 ± 3.88) (P＜ 0.05).After treatment the time per correct answer of CWT and the mistaken numbers of CPT in ziprasidone group were less than those in risperidone group(P＜ 0.05 ),meanwhile,the scores of PANSS in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionIt is effective for ziprasidone and risperidone to improve the function of cognitive inhibition on patients with paranoid schizophrenia,but there is more dramatic for ziprasidone in short-term treatment.

Objective To investigate the value of detection of fetal cell-free fetal DNA(cff-DNA)in maternal plasma in the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities.Methods The plasma from 3200 gravidas(singleton with 20.3 ± 3.8 gestational weeks)was collected from April 1st 2011 to May 30th 2012.They were divided into 3 groups:(1)To tally 1720 cases were included in the high-risk serological screening group,in which women were younger than 35 years and got high-risk results in serological screening;(2)To tally 1310 cases were included in the advanced age group,in which women's age was more than 35 years;(3)To tally 170 cases were included in the supplementary group,in which women were younger than 35 years and got low-risk results in serological screening,or women who didn't take serological screening tests.All the 3030 gravidas in group 1 and 2 didn't take invasive prenatal diagnosis because of fear of abortion or short of prenatal diagnosis.Cff-DNA were detected by next generation sequencing in Shenzhen BGI Genomics Center for clinical laboratory.Amniocentesis and karyotype analysis were provided to the positive cases and women with negative results were followed-up by telephone.Results(1)The 3200 cases took cff-DNA detection,and 31 cases got positive results,including 27 cases of trisomy 21 and 4 cases of trisomy 18.Sixteen cases of trisomy 21 and 1 case of trisomy 18 were in the high-risk serological screening group.7 cases of trisomy 21 and 2 cases of trisomy 18 were in the advanced age group.Four cases of trisomy 21 and 1 case of trisomy 18 were in the supplementary group.(2)And the 84％(26/31)cff-DNA detecting positive cases received amniocentesis.In the 27 trisomy 21 positive cases,23 received amnioeentesis and got karyotype of 47XN,+ 21,with the diagnostic accordance rate of 100％.In the 4 cases who didn't take karyotype analysis,fetal anomaly(ventricular septal defect,dextrocardia and choroid plexus cyst)was found in 1 case before 20 gestational weeks;intrauterine fetal demise happened in 1 case before getting the result;2 other cases who already had healthy children took abortion in the local hospital without taking amniocentesis.In the 4 trisomy 18 positive cases,3 took amniocentesis,2 of which were trisomy 18 and took abortion,the other was chimera(46,XN/47,XN,+ 18)with only 2％ cells of trisomy 18,with no malformation found after delivery.Hypoevolutism(3 weeks less than gestational week),general hydropsy and intrauterine fetal demise happened before the other case took amniocentesis.(3)Follow up of cff-DNA negative cases:until May 30th 2012,no Down's baby was found in the 1230 cases with cff-DNA test negative results.Conclusions(1)The non-invasive fetal trisomy test(NIFTY)by next generation sequencing is a safe,accurate and high throughput method for the prenatal diagnosis of trisomy-21.(2)Use NIFTY as a further screening for pregnant women with high-risk serological screening results could lower invasive prenatal diagnosis rate.(3)Cases with positive NIFTY test results should receive amniocentesis and karyotype analysis to confirm the diagnosis before abortion.

Justified the necessity of remote pathology consultation in China, and described the basic approach of such consultation in terms of the conditions, organizational framework, specialists and consultation process of the hospital. on the basis of benefit in pationts, the consultation helps the development of the pathology department and other specialist departments at the same time, builds initially a pathology quality control system, and accelerates the multi-discipline diagnosis and treatment approach. Expect to encourage contemplation on international remote pathology consultation in an effort to improve such a practice for the benefit of patients.