·AIM: To investigate whether Erigeron Breviscapus (vant) Hand-Mazz (EBHM) EBHM has neuroprotective effect against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neuron death in retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL).· METHODS: 60 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. 6 animals were normal control group (group A). The others were divided as group B (EBHM group), group C (normal saline+NMDA group) and group D (EBHM + NMDA group). Each group had 18 rats.10nmol NMDA was intravitreally injected to induce partial damage of the neurons in RGCL in the right eyes of Groups C and D. Same volume PBS was intravitreally injected into the left eyes as self-control. Groups B and D were pre-treated intraperitoneally with 6g/L EBHM solution at a dose of 150mg/kg body weight/day seven days before and after NMDA treatment. Group C were administrated intraperitoneally with 9g/L normal saline at the same time of EBHM injection. Rats were sacrificed at 4,7,14d after NMDA treatment. Flat whole retinas were stained with 5g/L cresyl violet and neuron counting in RGCL from both eyes were observed. Each subgroup had 6 rats.· RESULTS: There was no significant difference of neuron counting in RGCL between the right eye and the left eye in group A (P=0.200). There was no significant difference between normal control group and EBHM group either in the right eyes or in the left eyes at 4, 7 and 14 d respectively after intravitreal injection of 10nmol NMDA in group C and group D. (P=0.636, P=0.193). Neuron counting of RGCL in group C and D was significantly decreased in the NMDA-treated eyes at 4, 7 and 14d after intravitreal injection (P＜0.001). There was no significant difference between self-control eyes group and normai control group(P＞0.05). However, neuron counting was significantly higher in the EBHM+NMDA group than normal saline +NMDA group at 14days after intravitreal injection (P=0.044), but was lowered than normal control group (P＜0.05).· CONCLUSION: EBHM has no effect on neuron counting of RGCL when administered alone in normal rats.The results indicates that EBHM plays a partial protective role in NMDA-induced neuron loss in RGCL in the rats.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the radiographic features of submandibular sialiths in cone beam CT (CBCT) images.

METHODSEighty-four patients with submandibular radiopaque sialiths were included in this study. The clinical features of gender and age and the radiographic features on CBCT, including the number, morphology, size, and location, were recorded for further statistical analysis.

RESULTSA total of 128 sialiths were detected from the 84 subjects; 22 subjects (26.19%) had multiple sialiths. The morphology of the sialiths was classified into five types: spot, round, spheroid, elongated, and irregular shapes. Among these types, the spheroid shape was the most frequently detected. A correlation was observed between the size of the sialiths and their location, with the large sialith located at the posterior portion of the duct. About 39.06% (50/128) of sialiths was located at the anterior portion of the duct, and 60.94% (78/128) was located at the posterior portion. The horizon- tal position of the sialith was significantly correlated with its vertical position (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONThe CBCT images showed important data for the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment plan of the submandibular sialolithiasis.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Salivary Gland Calculi

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical effect and related risk factors of Gartland type II-III supracondylar fractures of humerus in children in the emergency closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to June 2013,112 children of Gartland type II to III supracondylar humeral fractures were treated in children in emergency closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation, including 72 males and 40 females with an average age of 6.2 years old ranging from 2 to 11 years old. Among them,74 cases were in Gartland type II fractures,38 cases were in type III; The duration from injury to surgery time was 2.5 to 8 hours (averaged 4.6 hours). Elbow cast was applied after operation with the elbow extended of 100 degrees for 4 to 6 weeks, then the gypsum and Kirschner wires were removed.

RESULTSAll patients were follow-up from 6 to 60 months (averaged 12 months). All fractures reached clinical healing. The final follow-up was assessed by Flynn criteria, the result was excellent in 86 cases, good in 23 cases, general in 3 cases, excellent and good rate was 97.3%. Three patients had mild cubitus varus deformity without orthopedic treatment. No pin tract infections, iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury, compartment syndrome, and complications such as Volkmann ischemic contracture occurred.

CONCLUSIONClosed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation had advantages of exact reduction, firm fixation, fewer complications ,less pain in children undergoing emergency surgery, and.high success rate, so it is a safe and efficient treatment for humeral supracondylar fracture in children.

Bone Wires ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

ay be useful for preventing or treating early inflammation in the arteria of diabetic rats.

Objective To apply the binary Logistic regression model and evaluate the value of grey scale ultrasonography(US),ultrasond elastography(UE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Methods US,UE and CEUS were performed in 130 patients with 142 solid thyroid micronodules (the largest diameter less than 10 mm).Pathology was followed up as golden diagnosis criteria.A Logistic model on the basis of ultrasonographic features was obtained.A receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to assess the performance of Logistic model.Results Four ultrasonic indexes were finally entered into the Logistic regression model including microcalcification,acpect ratio,advanced CEUS mode and elasticity score.The percentage correction of prediction was 92.1％ (129/142),the area under the ROC curve was 0.944.Conclusions The multivariate analysis model of binary Logistic regression can describe and analyze the process of differential diagnosis of malignant and benign solid thyroid micronodules by ultrasonography,and select out the valuable indexes for differential diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of red cell distribution width (RDW) and relationship between RDW and severity of critical illness patients and prognostic role of RDW.Methods This was a prospective observational and diagnostic test study.From February 2011 to May 2013,196 medical patients in ICU were enrolled to study.Blood samples were taken within 24 hrs after admission to ICU for blood routine test and other chemical routine test,including RDW.Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score were also calculated.The patients were divided into survival group (n =126) and death group (n =70) based on their hospital outcomes.Differences in RDW levels and APACHE Ⅱ score between survival and death groups were compared with One-way ANOVA.The correlation between RDW and APACHE Ⅱ score were analyzed by Spearman correlation test.Receiver operator curve (ROC) test was used to determine the predictive value of RDW and APACHE Ⅱ for hospital death.Results Both RDW level and APACHE Ⅱ score were significantly higher in death group than those in survival group,whichwere (13.35 ±2.21) vs.(11.34 ±1.32) and (20.43 ±6.41) vs.(13.94 ±6.77) respectively (both P ＜ 0.01).RDW significantly correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score (r =0.309,P ＜0.01).To predict hospital death area under curve (AUC) of ROC curve by RDW and APACHE Ⅱ score were 0.792 (0.725,0.860) and 0.754 (0.686,0.822) respectively.The best cut-off value was determined by Yoden Index were 12.35 for RDW and 17.5 for APACHE Ⅱ score.The Accuracy of prediction was 76.5％ and 70.4％ respectively.In addition,all the 12 paticnts whose RDW level ＞ 15.4 were dead.Conclusion RDW level at admission to ICU correlate well with the severity of critical illness.RDW level has an additional predictive value for the prognosis of critical ill patients.

AIMIn order to find a way to prognosticate the region-selectivity in the O-methylation reaction of erythromycin and its derivatives, conformation search model of Hyperchem Pro 6.0 used in personal computer was used to establish it.

METHODSThe results of O-methylation reaction of compound 1, 2 and 3 showed the difference between 6-OH and 11-OH. Using the conformational search model of hyperchem, 1,000 conformations of compound 4, 5 and 6 were found with the parameter of dihedral angle. The 14-membered lactone ring was defined as a "plane". The position of carbonyl of 1- or 9- and hydroxyl of 6- or 11- is different, either "up-plane" or "down-plane". A statistic analysis of low-energy conformation clusters was used to sort these clusters by the parameter of the dihedral angle. The data is in accord with the results of the experiments.

RESULTSConformation numbers, energy minimum, energy average and position of the active groups of compounds 4, 5 and 6, the simplified structures of compound 1, 2 and 3, were given in Table 1. by sorting the dihedral angle.

CONCLUSIONThe interaction of the hydroxyl and carbonyl were analysed and found that O-methylation reactions of erythromycin and its derivatives were impacted by the space factor. The clusters of energy minimum, maximum number and "outside" were discussed. The selectivity of the O-methylation reaction of erythromycin and its derivatives can be prognosticated by analysing the parameter of the dihedral angle.

Automatic Data Processing ; Erythromycin ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Methylation ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure

OBJECTIVETo provide reference data on frequency and distribution of bone islands (BIs) and investigate their relationship with age, gender, and localization.

METHODSA population who received a pretreatment and at least one follow-up panoramic radiograph in the Department of Oral Radiology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, were selected for this retrospective study. A sample population of 29,556 patients (12,824 males and 16,732 females) with different dental complaints and ages ranging from 8 to 80 years (mean age: 23.95 years) were included.

RESULTSIn the radiographic evaluation, BIs appeared as localized, well-defined, non-expansile, radiopaque masses which were round, elliptic, or irregular in shape. Their sizes varied from a few millimeters to about 2 cm in diameter. A total of 598 radiopacities were detected, and 545 patients of 29,556 patients (1.84%) had BIs. Among subjects with multiple lesions, 49 patients had 2 BIs and 2 patients had 3 BIs. The BIs had immense mandibular predilection, with presentation primarily in the premolar/molar region. The condition appeared to have no tendencies based on sex.

CONCLUSIONRecognition of BIs variation is significant in dental examinations.

Bicuspid ; China ; Humans ; Mandible ; Molar ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Retrospective Studies