Objective To dynamically observe changes of IgG, its subclasses and IgE in sera of mice by immunization with mixed recombinant of BCG-Em Ⅱ/3 and BCG-Em14-3-3 vaccine of Echinococcus multilocularis (Era). Methods Forty Balb/c mice of 12-14 week old and 20-25 g weight were intranasally vaccinated by the vaccine, 4 mice were killed randomly by the weight on 0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16 and 18 weeks of immunization respectively, sera were gathered from the eyeball to measure IgG, its subclasses and IgE by routine ELISA. Results Levels of IgG, IgG2a and IgG2b in the sera of mice increased obviously on 2-18 weeks, reached the highest level on 10, 4 and 4 weeks respectively, the value was 0.095±0.033,0.022±0.001,0.023±0.003 respectively, as compared with the value on 0 week(0.030±0.013,0.012±0.004,0.013±0.004), the difference being statistically significant(q=2.95,4.87,2.81 respectively, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); levels of IgG1, IgG3 and IgE in the sera of mice decreased remarkably on 2-18 weeks,came to the lowest level on 4,2,6 weeks respectively, the value was 0.031±0.004,0.136±0.002,0.114±0.002 respectively, as compared with the value on 0 week(0.192±0.007, 0.175±0.013,0.024±0.003), the difference being statistically significant (q =5.16,4.93,5.32 respectively, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Conclusion Helper T cell(TH) Ⅰ response is induced in mice by mixed recombinant of BCG-Em Ⅱ/3 and BCG-Em14-3-3 vaccine on early immunization.

Objective To dynamically observe the changes of subsets of splenocytes in mice by immunization with recombinant BCG-Eg95 vaccine of Echinococcus granulosus(Eg).Methods Balb/c mice were divided randomly into 3 groups according to their weishts:intranasal group.per os group and PBS control.The mice were vaccinated intranasally or orally by the vaccine respectively in experimental groups.and the control mice were given phosphate buffer saline intranasally.These mice were killed to get spleen on 0,2,4,6,8,10,12, 14,16 and 18 week of immunization,respectively.Splenocytes were separated to measure subsets of CD4+ and CD8+T ceUs by FACsort.Results There were marked differences in ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets among the different groups(F value were 21.56 and 22.08 respectively,P＜0.05).There were very marked differences in ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets in different weeks(F value were 5.75 and 6.29 respectively.P＜0.01).In the intranasal group,CD4+ and CD8+ T subsets increased obviously in 6～18 weeks and 12 weeks,and reached the highest level on 10 and 12 week,espectively.Their values were 0.348±0.013 and 0.090±0.003.respectively.There were marked or very marked differences(q value were 7.32 and 5.32 respectively,P＜0.01 or＜0.05)in comparison with 0 week(0.230±0.022 and 0.069±0.015).In the oral group,CD4+and CD8+ subsets rose reinarkablv on 6-16 weeks and 8-18 weeks,achieved the hishest level on 10 and 16 weeks,respectively.Their vahes were 0.405± 0.006 and 0.096±0.004,respectively.There were marked or very marked difference(q value were 7.53 and 5.35 respectively,P＜0.01 or＜0.05)in comparison with week 0(0.230±0.022 and 0.069±0.015).Conclusion CD4+and CD8+T subsets may play an important role in immune response induced in mice by rBCG-Eg95 vaccine.

Cardia ; pathology ; surgery ; China ; epidemiology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; Esophagoscopy ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Precancerous Conditions ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; surgery

Animals ; Arginine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Rabbits

Objective:To improve the effectiveness and safety of drugs and the compliance of patients with anaphylactoid purpura through the participation of clinical pharmacists in the practice of pharmaceutical treatment .Methods:In the treatment of one patient with anaphylactoid purpura , clinical pharmacists took part in the whole process and provided the individualized regimen , adverse reac-tion monitoring , relative indices monitoring and drug education after the discharge .Results:Through the participation of clinical phar-macists in the medication development , the rational use of drugs was strengthened and the treatment process was monitored .As a re-sult, the infection of the patient obtained effective control .Conclusion:The participation of clinical pharmacist in the treatment of pa-tients with anaphylactoid purpura reflects the patient-oriented pharmacy service concept , which improves the efficiency and safety of treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of drug-contained sera (DCS) of Naoluo Xintong (NLXT) and Zuogui Pill (ZGP) on the proliferation and differentiation of in vitro cultured embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) in rats.

METHODSRat's embryonic NSCs were cultured in medium supplemented with 10% DCS with NLXT and ZGP separately, the effects of DCS in enhancing proliferation and inducing differentiation were observed and compared by phase contrast microscopy and immunofluorescence staining.

RESULTSMajority of NSCs were induced to neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes in medium supplemented with either DCS-NLXT or DCS-ZGP, with the growth of them promoted to some extent. However, DCS-NLXT induced the differentiation rather slowly but with the differentiated neurons more resemble to the mature neuron in morphology, while DCS-ZGP promoted the stem cell growth more effectively.

CONCLUSIONBoth NLXT and ZGP could promote the differentiation and growth of in vitro cultured NSCs, but with exiguous difference. It is feasible to induce the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by way of using Chinese medicine drug-therapy for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation as well as that for tonifying Shen to generate marrow.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Neural Stem Cells ; drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Serum ; chemistry

BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) can result in intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) dysfunction. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the effect of IGF-I on the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with SAP and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham operation (SO group,n=24), a SAP group not treated with IGF-I (SAP group,n=24), and a SAP group treated with IGF-I (IGF-I group,n=24). SAP was induced in the rats by injecting 5.0％ sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct. The SO rats were given an infusion of normal saline instead. The rats in the IGF-I group underwent the SAP procedure and were given a subcutaneous injection of IGF-I at 30 minutes before the operation and at 3 hours after the operation. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. Apoptosis of mucosal cells in the small intestine was determined by TUNEL. The levels of endotoxin and DAO and serum amylase were also measured. Pathologic changes in the small intestine were monitored. Changes of bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression in the small intestine were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The levels of serum amylase were lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group at all three time points (P<0.05). The levels of endotoxin in the IGF-I group were higher than those in the SAP group at 6 hours, but lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group at 12 and 24 hours (P<0.05). The levels of diamine oxidase were higher in the IGF-I group at 6 hours but lower than those in the SAP group at 12 and 24 hours. The pathological score of the small intestine was lower in the IGF-I group than in the SAP group, and the difference was statistically significant at 12 and 24 hours. The pathologic changes observed under electron microscopy were better in the IGF-I group than those in the SAP group. The apoptosis index of intestinal epithelial cells was significantly decreased in the IGF-I group compared with the SAP group. Compared with the SO group, the mRNA expression levels of bax were increased at each time point in the SAP group, and were significantly decreased in the IGF-I group as compared with the SAP group at each time point (P<0.05). The expression levels of bcl-2 were weak and not different between the SO group and the SAP group (P>0.05). They were significantly increased in the IGF-I group versus the SO and SAP groups (P<0.05). The ratio of bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression levels at each time point in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the SO group, but they were obviously decreased in the IGF-I group. CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous IGF-I seems to protect mucosal cells in the small intestine against SAP-induced apoptosis and could alleviate SAP-induced injury of the intestinal mucosa. The underlying mechanisms include enhanced mRNA expression of bcl-2 and inhibition of bax mRNA expression.

Objective To investigate the effects of large dose of atorvastatin on the expression of Sprouty-1 in CD4 + T lymphocytes from unstable angina patients during perioperative period of PCI.Methods A total of 52 unstable angina patients enrolled were divided randomly (random number) into large-dose atorvastatin (80 mg/d,n =26) pretreated group and moderate-dose atorvastatin (20 mg/d,n =26) pretreated group.Circulating CD4 + T cells were obtained by magnetic cell sorting system (MACS) before PCI and 18-24h after PCI.For detecting the gene expression,the reverse transcription fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of Sprouty-1 mRNA in CD4 + T lymphocyte.The level of Sprouty-1 protein was detected with Western blot analysis and IL-2 was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results ①Compared with large-dose group before PCI,the expression of Sprouty-1 mRNA and Sprouty-1 protein levels were dramatically increased in large-dose group after PCI (P ＜ 0.05).②Compared with moderate-dose group before PCI,the expression of Sprouty-1 mRNA and protein levels were slightly increased in moderate-dose group after PCI,but there was no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).③Compared with large-dose group before PCI,the serum level of IL-2 was decreased in large-dose group after PCI (P ＜ 0.05).Whereas the serum level of IL-2 was slightly increased in moderate-dose group after PCI compared to moderate-dose group before PCI,there was still no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Large-dose atorvastatin pretreatment reduced post-PCI myocardial inflammation through up-regulating the expression of Sprouty-1 mRNA and level of Sprouty-1 protein in CD4 + T lymphocytes.

Objective To investigate the effects of aggressive dosing of atorvastatin on the expression of SOCS1 in CD4 + Tlymphocytes from patients with unstable angina pectoris during peri-operative period of PCI.Methods A cohort of 50 patients with unstable angina pectoris were randomized (random number) to give pretreatment with either an aggressive dose (80 mg/d,n =25) or a routine dose (20 mg/d,n =25)of atorvastatin.Circulating CD4 +T cells were subsequently obtained prior to PCI,and also 18 h to 24 hours after PCI,using a magnetic cell sorting system (MACS).Fluorescence-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure expressions of SOCSI mRNA in the isolated CD4 + Tlymphocytes,and western blot analysis was used to detect levels of SOCS1 protein.Serum levels of IFN-γwere quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).Results Compared with routine dose group,the expressions of SOCS1 mRNA and protein levels were dramatically increased and those were higher in aggressive dose group following PCI (P ＜ 0.05).In contrast,serum levels of IFN-γsignificantly increased following PCI in both groups,but it was higher in routine dose group than in aggressive dose group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Treatment with aggressive dosing of atorvastatin reduced the post-PCI myocardial inflammatory response in patients with unstable angina pectoris,possibly modulating by up-regulating SOCS1 expression in CD4 + Tlymphocytes.

Objective To investigate the value of high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography combined with two-dimensional strain imaging in early diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Methods Highdose dobutamine stress echocardiography was performed to 28 patients with suspected coronary artery disease. All wall movements were observed during resting condition and at all stress levels,respectively;the peak systolic longitudinal strain in each endomyocardial segment of left ventricular was measured; the sensitivity and specificity between visual method and two-dimensional strain imaging in diagnosing myocardial ischemia with high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography were compared. The average peak systolic longitudinal strain was calculated against control group, coronary artery disease group during ischemia segments and non-ischemia segments, and a comparison was made inside each group as well as against the other groups. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of the peak systolic longitudinal strain was used to predict the sensitivity and the specificity of myocardial ischemia. Results With dobutamine dose of 40 μg·kg-1 · min-1 ,wall motion abnormalities were diagnosed in 6 patients (20 segments) through visual method, myocardial ischemia was found in 15 patients (148 segments) through computing the peak systolic longitudinal strain. Inside the coronary artery disease group during ischemic　segments,the majority of peak systolic longitudinal strain was significantly reduced ( P＜0.05) compared to the non-ischemic segments and the control group. In diagnosing myocardial ischemia in high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography, the sensitivity of visual method and two-dimensional strain imaging were 35.3％ and 88.2％(P＜0.01), specificity 100％ and 100％(P＞0.05), and accuracy 60.7％ and 92.8％ (P＜0.01). The cutoff value of the peak systolic longitudinal strain was less than or equal to 14.9％, its sensitivity and specificity in predicting myocardial ischemia were 83.3％ and 91.7％,respectively. Conclusions High-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography combined with two-dimensional strain imaging can increase the sensitivity of detecting myocardial ischemia and detect concealed myocardial ischemia. High-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography combined with two-dimensional strain imaging can be used in early diagnosis of coronary artery disease.