Objective The aim of this study is to summarize primarily the application range and the clinical effect of the minimally invasive direct cardiac surgery (MIDCS).Methods From April 2010 to August 2011,108 operations had been performed in our centre using MIDCS,among of which 44 males and 64 females,mean age (44.3 ± 16.4 ) years old,mean weight (60.0 ± 12.0 ) kg.These operations included 29 MVR operations (replacement with mechanical valve 19,with tissue valve 10),17 AVR operations( replacement with mechanical valve 11,with tissue valve 6 ),5 MVP operations,6 MVR + AVR operations (replacement with mechanical valve 5,with tissue valve 1 ),12 VSD repair operations and 23 ASD repair operations,9 MIDCAB operations,1 MVR + CABG oparation,2 PECD correction,1 repair of ruptruec chordae tendineae of tricuspid septum and 1 Ebstein deformity correction operation.Concomitant procedures included 19 TVP operations and 11 radiofrequency ablation operations.Except MIDCAB operations,other operations are performed with closed type extracorporeal circulation.Conversion to median sternotomy was necessary in only two patients ( 1.9％ ).Results Mean cardiopulnonary bypass time and aortic eross-clamp time were ( 104.4 ± 59.3 ) minutes and ( 66.7 ± 52.8 ) minutes respectively,74 patients ( 92.5 ％ ) recover to beat automatically after heart ceased operation.Median mechanical ventilation time was ( 14.5 ± 11.9 ) hours,Median intensive care unit stay was ( 18.8 ± 15.3 ) hours,median hospital stay post operative was (6.9 ± 2.9) days.Median incision length was (5.3 ± 1.2 )cm.Median draining volume was( 337.6 ± 240.9 )ml in the first day after operation,No transfusion occurred in 72 patients(66.7％ ).Hospital mortality was 0.No re-exploration for bleeding and sternal wound infection.When leaving hospital,94 being of heart functional class Ⅰ,8 of class Ⅱ,6 of class Ⅲ.Conclusion MIDCS was associated with good operative effect in the near future,superior safety and broad application range.Furthermore MIDCS has minimally invasive,less postoperative bleeding,fewer blood transfusions,good cosmesis,as well as the absence of sternal wound infection.It may be safely performed on selected patients with low postoperative mortality and morbidity.

Objective To review and analyze minimally invasive right thoracotomy and peripheral cannulation as an alternative strategy in redo heart surgery.Methods From June 2012 to December 2016, 23 reoperative heart procedures were performed through a right lateral thoracotomy with about 5 cm in the third or fourth intercostal space,according to the different diagnosis with the corresponding operations.Results We performed 23 redo heart surgeries,there were 10 female and 13 male patients with a mean age of 41.43 years(range,20 to 69 years).4 mitral perivalvular leakage, 1 prosthetic valve dysfunction, 3 mitral insufficiency after mitral valvuloplasty, 1 aortic insufficiency after ventricular septal defect and aortic repair, 1 mitral insufficiency after ventricular and atrial septal defect repair, 3 residual fistula after surgery repair of ventricular septal defect, 1 tricuspid insufficiency after mitral and aortic valve replacement, 1 tricuspid insufficiency after left atrial myxoma removal,1 tricuspid insufficiency after Bentall surgery, 2 tricuspid insufficiency after mitral valve replacement, 1 mitral insufficiency after ventricular septal defect and mitral valvuloplasty, 2 tricuspid insufficiency after the repair of Ebstein abnormality.We respectively carried out repair of valve leakage, mitral valve replacement, aortic valve replacement, mitral valve repair, tricuspid valvuloplasty, postoperative repair of residual shunt of ventricular septal defect, redo repair of Ebstein abnormality.The effect of the whole group operation of operation was satisfactory, no death during operation and severe complications.All patients were under cardiopulmonary bypass,three patients' ascending aortas were bloked, and nine patients were with cardiopulmonary bypass.It indicated tha the operation was possible at operation time,total blood loss and the frequency of blood transfusion.Conclusion The application of closed thoracic cardiopulmonary bypass and minimally invasive right thoracotomy in redo or multiple cardiac surgery,can avoid reoperative sternotomy risk such as hemorrhage, tissue damage and so on.It shortened the operation time, reduced the risk of surgery and blood transfusion rate, can be used in some of the heart surgery patients again and repeatedly.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical oulcomes of aortic valve replacement (AVR) performed with minimally invasive technique.Methods From June 2010 to October 2011,20 cases of minimally invasive AVR were performed.The mean age was (47.60±12.28) ;12 males and 8 females.All patients are ventilated with a double-lumen endotracheal tube,through the 3nd anterior intercostals space with a 5 -6cmskin incision,right femoral artery and vein cannulation are used to establish CPB,direct aortic cross-clamped by Chitwood sliding clamp through the right 4th intercostals space,and completed the aortic valve replacement.Results Mean length of incision was (4.73±0.54)cm.Mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was (124±39.83)min,crossclamp time was (97.21±33.17) min.Median intubation time was (13.55±3.87)hours.Median duration of intensive care and postoperative hospital stay was (16.34±3.82)hours and (6.63±1.45) days,respectively.Hospital mortality was 0.There was no perivalvular leakage,Conclusion Minimally invasive aortic replacement with a modified Port-Access approach is feasible,small incisions,more cosmetic,shorter length of bospital stay and less need for blood transfusion are attainable.

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the early and midterm results of reconstructive new tricuspid valvar annulus technique and prosthetic ring in the anatomic correction of Ebstein's anomaly.Methods 60 operations for Ebstein's anomaly were performed by the reconstructive new tricuspid valvar annulus technique,prosthetic ring was used to reinforce the new tricuspid valvar annulus,the plastic effect of tricuspid valve was observed real-time by trans-esophagus echocardiography during operation.The follow-up results of the plastic effect of tricuspid valve were studied after operation.Results Mean operation time was (3.1 ± 2.3) h,mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was (148.8 ± 44.6) min,mean aortic cross-clamp time was(112.6 ± 34.1) min.3 patients had tricuspid valve replacement because of bad plastic effect;1 patient had bidirectional shunt Glenn procedure because of right sided heart failure.Hospital mortality was 1.When the patients were discharged,tricuspid regurgitation severe 1,medium 5,mild or no 50;53 being of heart functional class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ,3 of classⅢ.45 patients (80.3 ％) were followed-up out-hospital from 6 months to 7 years,mean (24.4 ± 21.4) months.Tricuspid regurgitation severe 1,medium 6,mild or no 38.And the nice stability of tricuspid valve was found during the follow-up period,41 patients being of heart functional class Ⅰ or Ⅱ (NYHA),4 of class Ⅲ.1 need reoperation.Conclusion The reconstructive new tricuspid valvar annulus technique can maintain farthest the dimension and geometric configuration of functional right ventricle,longitudinal plication of the atrialized right ventricle can restore a large ventricular cavity,improve it's pump function,and make valvuloplasty perfect,which widen obviously the indication of tricuspid valvuloplasty for Ebstein's anomaly.The research concluded that this technique can correct anatomically Ebstein's anomaly effectively,and it can get the stable effect of tricuspid valvuloplasty obviously if use prosthetic ring to reinforce the new tricuspid valvar annulus.

Objective To summarize the short-term therapeutic results of valve-sparing reimplantation procedure (David Ⅰ procedure) using Valsalva conduit in patients with aortic valve insufficiency due to aortic root disease.Methods From January 2008 to May 2011,David Ⅰ procedure was performed using Valsalva conduit in 15 patients with aortic insufficiency caused by aortic root disease,of which 14 males and 1 female,mean age was (49.5 ± 10.3) years old (from 33 to 67 years old).The evaluation of pre-operative heart functional and aortic valve regurgitation:11 in class Ⅰ,4 in class Ⅱ ; 9 with moderate and 6 with severe aortic insuffciency.Concomitant procedures included 4 CABG operations,9 aortic arch replacements,1 mitral annuloplasty and tricuspid annuloplasty,and 1 ASD repair operation.Results There was two intra-operative deaths occurred,one died of pulmonary infection,another one died of hemategenous septic shock and multiple organ failure.The mean extracorporeal circulation time was (230.0 ± 54.4) min,the aortic cross clamp time was (181.2 ± 30.6) min.One week after operation,the heart functional of all patients changed into class Ⅰ ; 8 patients had no aortic regurgitation,6 had gentle aortic regurgitation and 1 had moderate aortic regurgitation.After leaving hospital,13 patients were followed-up by (8.8 ± 5.9)months (ranged 3 to 24 months),3 were no and 9 with gentle (3 of which showed no aortic regurgitation in half past year)and 1 with moderate aortic regurgitation (this patient showed gentle aortic regurgitation in 3 months later).Conclusion David Ⅰ procedure using Valsalva conduit was a good option for patients with aortic valve insufficiency with approximate normal aortic leaflets and valvular ring,which could provide a good short-term operative effect.

Objective To observe the clinical results of the valve-sparing root reimplantation procedure(David Ⅰ procedure) in patients with aortic valve insufficiency due to aortic root disease.Methods From august 2005 to May 2011,aortic valve-sparing root reimplantation was performed in 24 patients with aortic insufficiency due to aortic root disease,21 males and 3 females; mean age (47.0 ± 12.3) years old (from 24years to 69years) ; 20 being of heart functional class Ⅰ,3 of class Ⅱ,and 1 of class Ⅲ; 13 with moderate and 11 with severe aortic insufficiency ; The tubular graft was used in 9 patients and valsalva conduit was used in15 patients in David Ⅰ procedure.Concomitant procedures included 6 CABG operations,11 aortic arch replacement operations,1 mitral annuloplasty and tricuspid annuloplasty,1 VSD repair and 1 ASD repair operation.Conversion to Bentall procedure was necessary in only one patient because transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed moderate aortic insufficiency due to aortic valve prolapse.Post-operative aortic valve regurgitation and heart function were followed up.Results There were two peri-operative deathes(one died of pulmonary infection in the 22th day postopertatively,another one died of haemategenous septic shock and multiple organ failure in the 9th day postopertatively),one late death other than operation-related reasons(died of pulmonary infection in the 54th day postopertatively).The mean extracorporeal circulation time was (235.9 ± 58.5) min,the aortic crossclamp time was(182.7 ± 35.8) min.11 patients had no aortic regurgitation,11 gentle and 1 moderate regurgitation postopertatively ; The heart functional of all patients changed into class Ⅰ one week post-operatively.20 patients were followed-up 3 to 74 months,of which 3 with no and 15 with gentle (3 of which showed no aortic regurgitation in half year later) and 2 with moderate aortic regurgitation (1 patient with Marfan syndrome used tubular graft showed severe postopertative aortic regurgitation 55 months later).Conclusion David Ⅰ procedure is a good option for patients with aortic valve insufficiency due to aortic root disease,and with more or less normal aortic leaflets and valvular ring normal.Furthermore using Valsalva conduit in David Ⅰ procedure could provide a more stable mid and long-term effect.

Objective To evaluated the early-term results of the right or left anterolateral minithoracotomy used for the repair of various congenital heart defects.Methods All the patients with congenital heart defects who were operated with this incision between April 2010 and December 2012 were reviewed.There were 63 patients (41 females,22 males) underwent openheart surgery through right or left anterolateral minithoracotomy.Ages ranged from 12 to 69 years,mean (30.63 ± 11.74) years.Corrected defects included atrial septal defect(ASD) closure in 38,closure of ventricular septal defect(VSD) in 19,correction of partial atrioventricular canal defect (PECD) in 3,correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) in 1,correction of Ebstein's anomalyin 1,and repair of ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva in 1.Results In all patients,length of incision was (4.76 ± 0.95) cm.There was no early or late death.No patient required conversion to full sternotomy.The median CPB and aortic clamp times were (76.38 ± 29.97) and (33.49 ± 31.50) minutes,respectively.Median intubation time was (10.53 ± 6.13) hours.Median duration of intensive care and postoperative hospital stay was (14.93 ± 7.65) hours and (5.42 ± 1.98) days,respectively.Only 9 patients(14.3％) received blood transfusion.Follow-up echo showed no residual defect.All patients have gratifying cosmetic results and are in excellent condition after a median follow-up of (13.75 ± 8.91)months.Conclusion The small anterolateral thoracotomy in congenital cardiac surgery is a safe and feasible approach,and with a excellent cosmetic results.

Objective Discuss the different between minimally invasive and conventional thoracotomy mitral valve replacement surgery.Methods Select 141 cases from February 2009 to December 2012 in our hospital suffer mitral valve replacement surgery.69 cases minimally invasive surgery and the 72 cases conventional thoracotomy mitral valve replacement surgery,mechanical valve 90 cases,the bioprosthesis 51 cases.The establishment of cardiopulmonary bypass is through the femoral artery and vein and the right jugular vein with cannulation.Under the guide of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and adjust the the intubation position to the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava junction.Double-lumen endotracheal intubation in trachea.Transthoracic approach through the right side of the stemum 4 intercostal,the left lung unilateral breathing and fight lung collapse.Open the pericardium with minimally invasive surgical instruments away 2 cm from the phrenic nerve.Transthoracic chitwood clamp blocking the ascending aorta,HTK or crystalloid cardioplegia aortic root perfusion.Arrest heart minimally invasive mitral valve replacement surgery.After CPB,unplug the femoral artery and vein catheter,6-0 prolene suture femoral artery reconstruction pathway.Results Minimally invasive compared to the conventional median thoracotomy mitral valve replacement surgery have no significant difference in operative time,cardiopulmonary bypass time,aortic clamping timeand the intensive care unit (ICU) time.Conclusion Overcome the learning curve,minimally invasive mitral valve surgery have many advantages than the conventional median thoracotomy surgery is a safe,effective,and easy to spread surgery.

OBJECTIVETo determine the best cutoff value and reference standard of obese indexes and to compare their diagnostic value in screening, predicting and diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in male adults by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).

METHODSA total of 1110 male adults were included and cross-sectional study was adopted. Four parameters including: body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were studied. The correlativity between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and BMI, NC, WC and WHR were analyzed by pearson correlation test. ROC curve was used to assess the diagnostic value and determine their best cutoff value to predict OSAHS and reference standard to screen/diagnose it. Their conformity in predicting OSAHS was analyzed by area under curve (AUC). SPSS software version 13.0 was used for statistical analysis and P< or =0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.

RESULTS(1) All of the fourindexes (BMI, NC, WC and WHR) showed a significantly positive correlation with AHI in adult male patients, with their Pearson coefficients as 0.373, 0.276, 0.291 and 0.127, respectively, and their P value were all below 0.001; (2) The best cutoff value of BMI, NC and WC in predicting OSAHS were 26.5 kg/m2 , 39 cm, 95 cm, and their corresponding sensitivity rates were 54%, 57% and 64% while rates of specificity as 73%, 65% and 53%; (3) BMI was better than other two indexes in predicting OASHS in adult male patients; (4) The value of BMI, NC and WC in screening OSAHS among adult male patients with 90% sensitivity and 10% rate of missed diagnosis as 23 kg/m2, 35 cm, 85 cm; (5) The value of BMI, NC and WC in screening OSAHS in adult male patients with 90% specificity and 10% misdiagnosis rate as 29 kg/m2, 43 cm, 105 cm, respectively.

CONCLUSIONBMI seemed better in predicting OSAHS in male adults than NC, WC and WHR. The best cutoff values to predict OSAHS of BMI, NC and WC were 26.5 kg/m2, 39 cm and 95 cm, respectively. Their reference standards to screen OSAHS were 23 kg/m2, 35 cm and 85 cm while 29 kg/m2, 43 cm and 105 cm to predict OSAHS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; Predictive Value of Tests ; ROC Curve ; Reference Standards ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; diagnosis ; Waist Circumference ; Waist-Hip Ratio ; Young Adult

Child ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome