OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the rhizome of Matteuccia struthiopteris.

METHODThe constituents were separated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and spectral data.

RESULTSix compounds were isolated and identified as demethoxymatteucinol (1), matteucinol (2), pinosylvin (3), matteuorien (4), pinosylvin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), matteuorienate A (6).

CONCLUSIONAll Compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chromones ; chemistry ; Dryopteridaceae ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Stilbenes ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo compare and assess the effectiveness of leukocyte-filtered platelet and standard platelet concentrates transfusion in preventing platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-alloimmunization.

METHODSRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs comparing leukocyte-filtered platelet with standard platelet concentrates transfusion (up to December 31, 2009) were searched and identified from Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and CBM. A meta-analysis was conducted with Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5. 0.

RESULTSThe search identified 558 citations in total, in which 7 articles in English were finally included in the meta-analysis. The analysis showed that compared with standard platelet concentrates transfusion, leukocyte-filtered platelet transfusion significantly decreased PTR [ RR = 0. 59, 95% CI (0. 42, 0. 82) , P = 0. 002 ] and HLA-alloimmunization [ RR = 0. 49,95% CI (0. 33, 0. 74) , P =0. 0006]. Subgroup analysis showed that HLA-alloimmunization was significantly reduced by leukocyte-filtered platelet transfusion among the patients with acute myelocytic leukemia [ RR =0.42, 95% CI (0.32, 0.56), P <0. 00001], while no significant difference was detected in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia because of the limited sample size [ RR = 0. 50, 95% CI (0. 10, 2.41) , P =0. 39].

CONCLUSIONSThe current evidence shows that leukocyte-filtered platelet transfusion can prevent PTR and HLA-alloimmunization more effectively than standard platelet transfusion. Well-designed large-scale RCTs are still needed to further confirm this finding.

Filtration ; HLA Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; immunology ; Platelet Transfusion ; methods ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Animals ; Bone and Bones ; cytology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Durapatite ; metabolism ; Female ; Osteoporosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Fatty Liver ; immunology ; Immune Tolerance ; Liver ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate and explain the composing mechanism by observing enhancement property of disassembled compositions of Yiqi Huoxue decoction (YQHXD) on platelet aggregation of health adults.

METHODVenous whole blood was obtained from healthy human subjects and anti-coagulated, and then centrifuged to produce platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP). Disassembled compositions of YQHXD and sodium chloride were placed in different translucent tubes containing PRP and PPP, calculated the maximum percents of platelet aggregation stimulated by platelet agonists: adenosine diphosphate (ADP), platelet activating factor (PAF) and arachidonic acid (AA).

RESULTThe maximum percents of platelet aggregation induced by ADP and PAF were largely improved by YQHXD, both astragalus membranaceus and Angelica Scinesis played the most important roles in the decoction, the herbs of Yiqi and Huoxue must work together to enhance platelet aggregation.

CONCLUSIONIn vitro study, YQHXD can markedly improve platelet aggregation of health adults, but the exact mechanism should be proved by further experiments.

Adenosine Diphosphate ; pharmacology ; Adult ; Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Arachidonic Acid ; pharmacology ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Platelet Activating Factor ; pharmacology ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Young Adult

The full length cry2Ab gene was cloned by PCR-RFLP method from Bt strain B-Pr-88, which was isolated in China with high toxicity to the Lepidopteran insect pests. Nucleic acid sequence analysis showed that this gene was 1902 base pairs encoding 633 amino acids. This cry gene was named cry2Ab4 as a novel gene by Bacillus thuringiensis Delta Endotoxin Nomenclature Committee. The full open reading frame sequence of the cry2Ab4 gene was amplified with a pair of PCR primers L2ab5/L2ab3 designed according to its DNA sequence,and inserted into the BamH I /EcoR I sites of E. coli expression vector pET21b to obtain the recombinant plasmid pET-2Ab4. The result of SDS-PAGE proved that Cry2Ab4 could be expressed as a 60 kD protein in E. coli BL21 (DE3)strain induced by IPTG. Bioassay of the expressed product of the cry2Ab4 gene showed that Cry2Ab4 was highly toxic to the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera and Leguminivora glycinivorella, moderately active to the larvae of Plutella xylostella and Chilo suppressalis, but not insecticidal to the larvae of Spodotera exigua and Ostrinia furnacalis. Our result indicated that cry2Ab4 gene could be used as a novel gene for generation of transgenic plants and engineered microorganism.
Bacillus thuringiensis ; genetics ; Bacterial Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endotoxins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; Hemolysin Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Pest Control, Biological ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of trigonella foenum-graecum L. total saponins (TFGs) in combination with sulfonylureas (SU) in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) not well controlled by SU alone.

METHODSSixty-nine T2DM patients whose blood glucose levels were not well controlled by oral sulfonylureas hypoglycemic drug were randomly assigned to the treated group (46 cases) and the control group (23 cases), and were given TFGs or placebo three times per day, 6 pills each time for 12 weeks, respectively. Meanwhile, the patients continued taking their original hypoglycemic drugs. The following indexes, including effects on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms, fast blood glucose (FBG), 2-h post-prandial blood glucose (2h PBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), clinical symptomatic quantitative scores (CSQS), body mass index (BMI), as well as hepatic and renal functions, were observed and compared before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe efficacy on TCM symptoms was obviously better in the treated group than that in the control group (P<0.01), and there were statistically remarkable decreases in aspect of FBG, 2h PBG, HbA1c and CSQS in the treated group as compared to those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while no significant difference was found in BMI, hepatic and renal functions between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe combined therapy of TFGs with sulfonylureas hypoglycemic drug could lower the blood glucose level and ameliorate clinical symptoms in the treatment of T2DM, and the therapy was relatively safe.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Saponins ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Sulfonylurea Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Trigonella

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of two gastric cancer screening schemes for early detection of gastric cancer in a high-risk population.

METHODSA cluster random sampling method was used to select local residents aged 40-69 years from Linqu County, Shandong Province. "Serum pepsinogen initial screening combined with further endoscopic examination (PG scheme)" and "direct endoscopic examination (endoscopy scheme)" were conducted. The associations between screening schemes and detection rates of gastric cancer, and early gastric cancer/high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were evaluated by unconditional logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSOverall, 3654 and 2290 participants completed PG and endoscopy schemes, respectively. A total of 11 (0.30%) cases of gastric cancer and 10 (0.27%) cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were detected by PG scheme, of which 7 (0.19%) cases were early gastric cancer. While, 19 (0.83%) cases of gastric cancer and 10 (0.44%) cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were detected by endoscopy scheme, with 12 (0.52%) cases of early gastric cancer. Compared with the PG scheme, the endoscopy scheme had a significantly higher detection rates of gastric cancer (OR = 2.83, 95%CI 1.34-5.98), and early gastric cancer/high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (OR = 2.12, 95%CI 1.12-4.02).

CONCLUSIONSThe endoscopy scheme is more effective in the detection of gastric cancer in a high-risk population, particularly for early gastric cancer/high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia than the PG scheme.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; blood ; diagnosis ; Carcinoma in Situ ; blood ; diagnosis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Pepsinogen A ; blood ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis

BACKGROUNDThe prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is high among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China. Both HIV and HBV can be treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC), so we evaluated the safety and efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) that included TDF, 3TC, and efavirenz (EFV) among ART-naive individuals who were co-infected with HIV and HBV.

METHODSOne hundred HIV/HBV co-infected ARV-naive individuals were started on the regimen of TDF, 3TC, and EFV, and the levels of plasma HBV DNA, HIV RNA, and biochemical evaluation related to the function of liver and kidney were analyzed.

RESULTSConcerning efficacy, this study found that by week 48, the vast majority co-infected participants receiving this ART regimen had undetectable HBV DNA levels (71%) and/or HIV RNA levels (90%). Concerning safety, this study found that the median estimated glomerular filtration rate of participants decreased from baseline (109 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2) to week 12 (104 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2) but was almost back to baseline at week 48 (111 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2).

CONCLUSIONThis combination ART regimen is safe and effective for patients with HIV/HBV co-infection.

TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01751555; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01751555.

Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Benzoxazines ; therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Coinfection ; drug therapy ; Female ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Tenofovir ; therapeutic use

Platelet function tests have been increasingly used to assist in the diagnosis of platelet disorders and prethrombotic state, monitoring of the efficacy of antiplatelet therapies, and personalized treatment. On the basis of light transmission aggregometry, new methods for platelet function test have been developed successively. At present, the research and development of platelet function detector is in its infancy in China. The active constituents of antiplatelet Chinese medicines can be classified into terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, organic acids, lignans, diketones, volatile oils, and stilbenes. The results of dose-antiplatelet effect relationship of Chinese medicines and the active constituents showed that the effective concentration of the extracts or monomers of Chinese medicines was at micromolar level(μmol·L~(-1)), among which salvianolic acid B and ginkgolide K, ginkgolide B, and ginkgolide A had the strongest antiplatelet effect. These results suggest that the antiplatelet effect of Chinese medicine may be weaker than that of chemical drugs and biological products. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the structure-activity relationship of the active constituents in existing Chinese medicines and further improve their efficacy through structure modification. The antiplatelet effect of Chinese medicines and the constituents involves multiple pathways and multiple targets. These research results provide a reference for clinical application of them. However, there is still a lack of large-scale multi-center clinical trials to confirm the efficacy and safety of them. The regularity of the relationship between the structures of various constituents and their corresponding functions is still unknown and the relevant signal transduction pathways and structure-activity relationship need to be further studied. This paper summarized and analyzed the determination methods of platelet functions and the research results of antiplatelet Chinese medicines, which is of reference value for the research of effective and safe antiplatelet Chinese medicines.
Biological Products ; China ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology* ; Platelet Function Tests