Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Program Evaluation

Acidolysis kinetics on the process of the hydrolysis acidification by using glucose as the only energy sources was researched.It was concluded that the acidolysis kinetics constants are V_(max)=8.45d~(-1) and K_s=1089mg/L,under the circumstances of a temperature 37℃?0.5℃and the influent pH value 6.5.The results show that the rate of anaerobic acidification process is greater than that of completed an- aerobic or anoxic process.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Staining and Labeling ; methods ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To study the clinicopathologieal features and expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in epithelial ovarian tumors,and to investigate the correlation between pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and epithelial borderline tumors.Methods Fifty four cases of ovarian borderline tumors and 45 cases of ovarian carcinomas from the People's Hospital,Peking University were reviewed retrospectively.The clinical data and pathological findings were analyzed.Immunohistochemical study of cyclin D1 and p53 was performed in all 99 cases.Results(1)In borderline tumors,the age of patients ranged from 14-82 (mean age=42.5)years.International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage of borderline tumors was stage Ⅰ in 48 cases,stage Ⅱ in 3 cases,and stage Ⅲ in 3 cases.In ovarian carcinomas,the age of patients ranged from 26-80(mean age=53.5)years.FIGO stage of carcinoma was stage Ⅰ in 6 cases, stage Ⅱ in 8 cases,stage Ⅲ in 26 cases,and stage Ⅳ in 5 cases.In follow-up of 54 cases with borderline tumors the 5-year survival rate was 98% and of 45 cases with carcinomas a 5-year survival rate of 51% was noted.(2)In 54 cases of borderline tumors,mucinous types accounted for 56%(30/54)and serous types accounted for 30%(16/54).There were 5 cases with micropapillary pattern,3 cases with peritoneal implants,3 cases with lymph node involvement,6 cases with microinvasion,one case with intraepithelial carcinoma,and one case with mural nodules.In 45 cases of carcinomas,serous carcinoma was the most (49%,22/45).The remainder included 3 cases of mucinous types,8 cases of endometrioid types,6 cases of transitional cell types,3 cases of mixed phenotype and 3 cases of undifferentiated types.(3) Overexpression of cyclin D1 and p53 was observed in 31%(14/45)and 56%(25/45)of ovarian carcinomas, respectively.There was a significant association between p53 overexpression and tumor grade.In the borderline tumor group,69%(37/54)had overexpression of cyelin D1 and 6%(3/54)had overexpression of p53.There were significant differences in expression of cyclin D1 and p53 between conventional serous borderline tumors and high-grade serous carcinomas(cyclin D1:91% vs 26%;p53:0 vs 58%).However, micropapillary serous borderline tumors and low-grade serous carcinomas showed remarkably similar expression of cyelin D1 and p53.Conclusions Epithelial ovarian borderline tumors are distinct from ovarian cancer in clinical progress and prognosis,and histological types.Overexpression of cyclin D1 is common in ovarian borderline tumors and low grade carcinomas.And overexpression of p53 is more common in high grade ovarian carcinomas.Conventional serous borderline tumors are distinct from high-grade serous carcinomas in pathogenesis.Micropapillary serous borderline ovarian tumors may be closely related to low grade serous carcinomas.

Purpose:To further testify the role of costimulatory molecular B7 in renal ischemia/reperfusion in-jury. Methods:The mRNA transcription level of B7 was assayed with reverse transcription semiquantative poly-merase chain reaction in the uninephrectomized rat model established by warm ischemia/reperfusion. Results :ThemRNA transcription level of B7 was very low in normal and ischemia renal tissue, but was gradually increased af-ter repefusion,and reached peak level at 72 hours after reperfusion; The mRNA transription level of B7 in the is-chemia 60 min reperfusion group was higher than that in the ischemia 30 min reperfusion group. Conclusions :Up-regulation of costimulatory molecular B7 further elucidates the mechanism of relationship between ischemia/reperfusion injury and acute rejection; More heavier ischemia/reperfusion injury, more possible acute rejection.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical application and clinical outcomes of free flap pedicled with supracarpal cutaneous branch of ulnar artery in repairing of finger replantation with skin defect.

METHODSFrom April 2007 to March 2013,25 patients affected by finger amputation with skin defect were replanted and repaired by free flap pedicled with supracarpal cutaneous branch of ulnar artery. Among them, 18 patients were male and 7 were female,with an average age of 31.5 years old (ranged 16 to 58). The time of trauma to admission ranged from 45 to 210 min (averaged 105). Fifteen patients were complete separted, and 10 patients were non-complete separated. The area of flaps ranged from 3.5 cm x 2.0 cm to 4.5 cm x 3.0 cm, and the vessels were anastomosed through end-to-end. The functional evaluation standard of finger replantation was used to evaluate the postoperative function.

RESULTSTwenty-four cases were finally survived. Two flaps occurred vascular crisisin within 48 h after operation, one of which was survived after anti-vasospasm treatment and changing dressing,another was replanted finger for failed to survive. One had infection and healed after changing dressing. Twenty-four cases were followed up from 3 to 38 months with an average of 16.5 months. The appearance and texture of flaps were satisfactory, and the superficial senses of pain and touch were recovered,and two-point discrimination was 5.5 to 11 mm (averaged 7.4 mm). According to functional evaluation standard finger replantationissued by Hand Surgery Association of Chinese Medical Association, 8 cases got excellent results, 14 good and 2 poor.

CONCLUSIONThe free flap pedicled with supracarpal cutaneous branch of ulnar artery can be used in complex finger replantation with skin and vessels defect, which can extend operation indications, recover function and appearance for maximum.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Fingers ; blood supply ; embryology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Replantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome ; Ulnar Artery ; injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect and safety of imaging-guided percutaneous catheterization drainage and alcohol sclerosis for treatment of renal cysts.

METHODSThirty-six patients with primary renal cysts, including 22 men and 14 women aged 18-65 years (mean 42.5 years), were treated with imaging-guided percutaneous puncture catheterization drainage and alcohol sclerosis treatment. The location of the renal cysts and puncture route, angle and depth were determined by ultrasound or CT scan. Paracentesis and catheterization external drainage were carried out under fluoroscope. Absolute alcohol was used as the sclerosis agent.

RESULTSThirty-eight cysts were detected in the 36 patients, locating at the upper pole (n=21), subtus pole (n=10) and intermediate pole (n=7). The length of renal cysts was 4.5-8.5 cm (mean 5.5 cm). Puncture was performed through the lumbar back and the success rate was 100%. Thirty-eight multi-lateral holes 5-7F drainage catheters were placed in the 38 cysts. Alcohol was injected for 169 times through the drainage tube and the average volume was 25 ml, with an average injection of 4.45 times. During the follow-up for 1 to 6 years (mean 3.5 years), 37 renal cysts disappeared and 1 cyst was reduced in a patient with polycystic kidney. The total cure rate was 97% in this series, and no serious complications occurred after the operation.

CONCLUSIONImaging-guided percutaneous puncture catheterization drainage and alcohol sclerosis is effective and safe for treatment of renal cysts.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Catheterization ; Drainage ; methods ; Ethanol ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sclerosing Solutions ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Sclerotherapy ; methods ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

AIMTo study the antioxidant effect of Ganoderma polysaccharide peptide (GLPP) and its mechanism.

METHODSCopper was used as oxidant to induce low lipoprotein (LDL) oxidative modification, and alloxan was given i.v. to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) injury in mice.

RESULTSGLPP decreased oxidation of LDL and the relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) of oxidative product of LDL. After GLPP was given i.p. for 20 days, the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA) in serum and heart of mice was decreased. The GSHpx enzyme activity was increased, while the SOD level was decreased. The catalase(CAT) levels were not significantly changed by GLPP.

CONCLUSIONGLPP showed antioxidant effect by scavenging ROS or enhancing the enzyme activity of GSHpx in vivo and in vitro.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; metabolism ; Mice ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Proteoglycans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Reishi ; chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is an important member of the phosphodiesterase enzyme family that specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), activates the downstream phosphorylation cascade pathway by altering cAMP concentration, and is strongly associated with multiple diseases. Inhibition of PDE4 is clinically investigated as a therapeutic strategy in a broad range of disease areas, including respiratory system diseases, autoimmune disorders, central nervous system diseases, and dermatological conditions. However, the incidence of adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting is relatively high in the marketed PDE4 inhibitors, which has stalled their clinical development. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical progression and safety issues of the marketed PDE4 inhibitors. We also review the main causes underlying PDE4-mediated adverse effects by combining the structural analysis of the PDE4 protein, the mechanism of action of PDE4 inhibitors, and the related side effect mechanism research, aiming to provide a reference for the development of safe and effective PDE4 inhibitors.

BACKGROUNDMycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) can cause a variety of human infections, involving the lung, skin and soft tissues, and is generally believed to be acquired from environmental sources. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular diversity and antibiotic susceptibility of M. abscessus isolates as the basis for strategies to improve control and management of infection.

METHODSSeventy M. abscessus isolates from patients attending the Guangzhou Thoracic Hospital were identified from 2003 to 2005 by biochemical tests, gas chromatography, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction analysis (PRA) of heat shock protein gene hsp65, and sequencing of the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA. Susceptibilities to six antibiotics were determined by micro-broth dilution. Isolates were genotyped using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis.

RESULTSMost isolates (63/70; 90%) were susceptible to amikacin but rates of susceptibility to other antibiotics varied from moderate, clarithromycin (60%) and imipenem (43%), to low for ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (3%), and 87% of isolates had intermediate susceptibility to cefoxitin. RAPD analysis showed that the 70 clinical isolates displayed 69 unique RAPD patterns.

CONCLUSIONSThe high genetic diversity of isolates suggests that they are not transmitted from person to person but, presumably, are acquired independently from environmental sources. M. abscessus isolates displayed variable levels of susceptibility to all antibiotics tested, other than amikacin, indicating a need for routine susceptibility testing to guide treatment.

Amikacin ; pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Cefoxitin ; pharmacology ; China ; Chromatography, Gas ; Ciprofloxacin ; pharmacology ; Clarithromycin ; pharmacology ; Imipenem ; pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mycobacterium ; drug effects ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique