With the development of magnetic resonance (MR) technology, the concern is focused on molecular and physiological imaging besides structural information. Ultra high field MR scanner shows great superiority. 3. 0-T MR scanners provide almost two-fold signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared with a standard 1. 5-T MR scanner. The higher baseline SNR can be converted into a variety of alternative benefits. There are still some other changes brought about by 3. 0-T, such as higher sensitivity to motion, susceptibility effect, more difference in resonant frequency among different metabolites, and so on. These features may be a double-edged sword in structural and functional imaging. But with the ceaseless progress of the technology and gains in experience, 3. 0-T systems will provide more information and show more advantages.
Animals ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; instrumentation ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To review the molecular structure and pharmacological characteristics of DPP-4 inhibitors. METHODS: based on the research literatures in recent years, reviewed the history and development of incretin in diabetes management, especially the R & D process and the molecular structure, pharmacodynamic / pharmacokinetic (PK/PD) and clinical efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors. RESULTS and CONCLUSION: DPP-4 inhibitors have many advantages and good future in diabetes care.

Child ; Female ; Heart Block ; etiology ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; complications ; therapy ; Humans

Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Physical Examination ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnosis ; Thoracotomy

Arteriovenous Fistula ; complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Contrast Media ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vena Cava, Superior ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging

Adolescent ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; pathology

The displacement of an entire tooth into the adjacent anatomical area is an uncommon complication of a tooth extraction. We encountered a 23-year-old woman who had previously undergone surgery under local anesthesia to remove the lower third molar about 12 weeks prior and the upper third molar was extracted 2 days prior to visiting this hospital. Upon admission, she complained of a swallowing discomfort and a mouth opening limitation. Panoramic radiograph and a CT scan revealed a displacement of the entire tooth into the lateral pharyngeal space. The tooth was retrieved via the transoral approach under general anesthesia. The removed tooth had an indentation formed by a dental bur. Therefore, it was concluded that the tooth displaced into the lateral pharyngeal space was the lower third molar. This report describes an unusual case of a third molar that was displaced into the lateral pharyngeal space with a review of the relevant literature.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Deglutition ; Female ; Humans ; Molar, Third* ; Mouth ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tooth ; Tooth Extraction ; Young Adult

The clinical values of acetoacetate ( AcAA ) and β hydroxybutyrate ( βHBA ) determination in classification of type 1 and2 diabetes were explored. 102 normal control subjects,33 cases of type 1 diabetes, and 104cases of type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Serum AcAA, βHBA, fasting plasma glucose ( FPG), C-peptide, and insulin levels were measured. The results showed that serum AcAA, βHBA, total ketone tody (TKB) levels in the diabetic groups were significantly higher than those of the normal group( P＜0. 01 ). AcAA, βHBA, TKB levels in type 1diabetes were higher as compared with those of type 2 diabetes( P＜0.01 ). The AcAA, βHBA, and TKB levels were negatively related with C-peptide and insulin in diabetic patients( P＜0. 01 ). All the type 1 diabetic patient were found to have TKB and lower C-peptide levels. TKB positive and lower C-peptide in type 2 diabetes were found in 47% and 26% respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve suggested that the area under the ROC curve of type 1 and type 2 diabetes was 0.926. The optimal operating point of the total ketone body was 0. 532 mmol/L with higher sensitivity and specificity. Enzymatic determination of acetoacetate and β hydroxybutyrate seems to have important clinical values for classification of type 1 and 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the value of self-treatment for Posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV). The treatment effect was compared between patients treated with modified Epley in outpatient clinic combined with self treatment at home and patients treated by modified Epley alone. METHOD: A randomized controlled trial were carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from December 2012 to May 2013. 147 out of 150 patients with unilateral idiopathic BPPV-PSC were enrolled in follow-up. Among which, 73 patients were allocated in modified Epley-alone group and 74 were allocated in slef-treatment group. RESULT: The success rate was 53.4% in modified Epley-alone group vs 83.8% in self-treatment group (P < 0.01) after 1 week treatment. In the modified Epley-alone group,the success rate of hand repositioning group and chair-assisted repositioning group was 45.9% vs 61.1% (P > 0.05), the risk rate was 0.752, 95% CI (0.486 - 1.163). In the self-treatment group, the success rate of hand repositioning group and chair-assisted repositioning group was 87.5% vs 81.0% (P > 0.05), the risk rate was 1.081, 95% CI (0.888-1.316). Incidence rate of serious complications was 0% in the modified Epley-alone group and 1.3% in the self-treatment group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Complementary self-treatment with modified Epley maneuver treated PC-BPPV sooner and more effectively, Compared with modified Epley maneuver alone. And its incidence rate of serious complications didn't increase. Chair-assisted repositioning showed better result than hand repositioning alone, and self-treatment at home can reduce the effect of the gap. We found that complementary self-treatment with modified Epley maneuver had more benefits for patients with PC-BPPV.
Aged ; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Positioning ; methods ; Self Care ; Treatment Outcome