Objective To evaluate the efficacy of electrocorticographic (ECoG) monitoring and the application of different surgical approaches in the surgical treatment of solitary supretentorial cavernous malformations with secondary epilepsy.
Methods This study enrolled a consecutive series of 36 patients with solitary supratentorial cavernous malformations and secondary epilepsy who underwent surgery with intraoperative ECoG monitoring in the Department of Neurosurgery between January 2004 and January 2008. The patients were composed of 15 males and 21 females, aged between 8 and 52 years (mean age 27.3±2.8 years) at the time of surgery. Epilepsy history, the type of epilepsy at the presentation, lesion location, the incidence of residual epileptiform discharges, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated.
Results Histopathological examination indicated cavernous malformations and hippocampal sclerosis in 36 and 5 cases, respectively. Neuronal degeneration, glial cell proliferation, and neurofibrillary tangles were found in all the resected cerebral tissues of extended lesionectomy of residual epileptic foci. Lesionectomy, anterior temporal lobectomy, anterior temporal lobectomy plus cortical thermocoagulation, extended lesionectomy, extended lesionectomy plus cortical thermocoagulation were performed in 4, 4, 1, 14, and 13 cases, respectively. Residual epileptiform discharges were captured in 9 out of the 14 patients who had additional cortical thermocoagulation. According to Engle class for postoperative outcomes, 27 cases were class I (75.00%), 5 were class II (13.89%), 2 were class III (5.56%), and 2 were class IV (5.56%), thus the total effective rate (class I+class II) was 88.89%. Neither of epilepsy history, the type of epilepsy, and the location of cavernous malformation was significantly related to outcomes (P>0.05). A significant relationship was found between the incidence of residual epileptiform discharges and outcomes (P=0.041).
Conclusions Intraoperative ECoG monitoring, the application of different surgical approaches, and the resection of residual epileptic foci could produce good result in the surgical treatment of supratentorial cavernous malformation with secondary epilepsy. Postoperative residual epileptiform discharges could be a useful predictor for evaluating the outcomes.

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism of how iron-regulatory protein (hepcidin) affect iron overload in alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

METHODSThirty male wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Lieber-Decarli liquid without alcohol group (control group), Lieber-Decarli liquid with alcohol (alcohol group) and hepcidin intraperitoneally injected group (hepcidin group), each rat was fed for 6 weeks. The Serum concentration of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST), Iron, Total Iron Binding capacity (TIBC), Ferritin, Malonyl Dialdehyde (MDA) and Hepcidin were determined. Hepatic tissue was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, prussian blue iron staining and immunohistochemistry staining.

RESULTS(1) Serum concentration of ALT in control group, alcohol group and hepcidin group were (25.2 ± 4.6) U/L, (37.9 ± 14.3) U/L and (40.9 ± 14.1) U/L (F = 4.907, P < 0.05), respectively. Serum AST among three groups were (32.3 ± 13.4) U/L, (55.0 ± 18.6) U/L and (48.3 ± 26.0) U/L (F = 3.742, P < 0.05), respectively. The secretions of ferritin were (224.72 ± 85.49) ng/ml, (345.59 ± 124.75) ng/ml and (339.47 ± 138.47) ng/ml (F = 3.539, P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of TIBC were (147.30 ± 31.98) μmol/L, (148.04 ± 58.74) μmol/L and (143.28 ± 37.38) μmol/L (F = 1.209, P > 0.05), respectively. The serum concentrations of iron were (55.64 ± 13.32) μmol/L, (60.37 ± 25.89) μmol/L and (49.77 ± 17.64) μmol/L (F = 0.651, P > 0.05), respectively. The serum concentration of MDA were (5.84 ± 2.17) nmol/ml, (6.51 ± 2.23) nmol/ml and (4.27 ± 2.68) nmol/ml (F = 2.782, P > 0.05), respectively. The serum concentration of Hepcidin were (155.96 ± 44.91)ng/ml, (124.11 ± 31.98) ng/ml and (114.96 ± 25.81) ng/ml (F = 3.839, P < 0.05), respectively. (2) Significant fat change observed in the liver of alcohol group. The positive granulations of iron staining were (0.8 ± 1.0), (1.2 ± 1.6) and (1.1 ± 1.1) (F = 0.254, P > 0.05), respectively. No differences found of liver iron express among the three groups. Intraperitoneal injection of hepcidin increased hepcidin expression in liver which was inhibited by alcohol (F = 4.139, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSALD rats with lower hepcidin expression in liver can result in iron metabolism disorder. Ectogenic hepcidin can protect liver against alcohol damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; metabolism ; Hepcidins ; Iron-Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

BACKGROUNDAtrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmia after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), which not only increases the suffering of the patients, but also prolongs hospital stay and enhances cost of care, especially for patients older than 70 years. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose amiodarone in the prevention of AF after CABG, especially for the elderly.

METHODSTwo hundred and ten senile patients undergoing off-pump CABG were included in this prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo controlled study. Patients were given 10 mg/kg of amiodarone (low-dose amiodarone group, n = 100) or placebo (control group, n = 110) daily for 7 days before surgery and followed by 200 mg of amiodarone or placebo daily for 10 days postoperatively.

RESULTSPostoperative AF occurred in 16 patients (16%) receiving amiodarone and in 36 (37.7%) patients receiving placebo (P = 0.006). AF occurred at (58.13 +/- 16.63) hours after CABG in the low-dose amiodarone group and at (45.03 +/- 17.40) hours in the control group (P = 0.018). The maximum ventricular rate during AF was significantly slower in the low-dose amiodarone group ((121.42 +/- 28.91) beats/min) than in the control group ((134.11 +/- 30.57) beats/min, P = 0.036). The duration of AF was (10.92 +/- 9.56) hours for the low-dose amiodarone group compared with (14.81 +/- 10.37) hours for the control group (P = 0.002). The postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly improved in the low-dose amiodarone group (from (59.9 +/- 10.3)% to (63.4 +/- 11.4)%, P = 0.001), and significantly higher compared with the control group ((58.5 +/- 10.7)%, P = 0.002). Both groups had a similar incidence of complication other than rhythm disturbances (12.0% vs 16.4%, P = 0.368). The low-dose amiodarone group patients had shorter hospital stays ((11.8 +/- 3.2) days vs (13.8 +/- 4.7) days, P = 0.001) and lower cost of care (RMB (79 115 +/- 16 673) Yuan vs RMB (84 997 +/- 21 587) Yuan, P = 0.031) than that of control group patients. The in-hospital mortality was not significantly different between the two groups (1.0% vs 0.9%, P = 0.946).

CONCLUSIONSPerioperative low-dose oral amiodarone appeared to be cost-effective in the prevention and delay of new-onset postoperative AF in aged patients. It significantly reduced ventricular rate and duration of AF after CABG, decreased hospital cost and stay, as well as promoted the amelioration of left ventricular systolic function. Furthermore, low-dose amiodarone was safe to use and well tolerated with low toxic and side effects, and did not increase the risk of complications and mortality. It is proved to be a first-line therapy and as routine prophylaxis for AF after CABG, especially for elderly patients complicated with left ventricular dysfunction.

Aged ; Amiodarone ; administration & dosage ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; administration & dosage ; Atrial Fibrillation ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; adverse effects ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study the surgical treatment and effects of the lesions in the third ventricle. Methods The data of 15 patients with third ventricular lesion, accepted surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The lesions were removed through transcallosal approach in 11 patients, frontal trans-cortical approach in 2 and trans-terminalis approach in 2,respectively. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 5 and chemotherapy in 2. VP shunt was performed in 1. Results The lesions were total-resected in 8 (53.3%), subtotal-resected in 5 (33.3%) and partial-resected in 2 (13.3%) with 1 postoperative death. The hydrocephalus were resolved in all cases. With a follow-up of 3 to 12 months, all the 14 patients recovered without obvious neurological deficits. Conclusion Proper microsurgical approach and perfect surgical skills are the keys to high resection and good prognosis. And postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be helpful in improving the outcome

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of surgical management on patients with secondary epilepsy under the monitoring of cortical electrocorticography (ECoG). Methods Eighty-four patients with secondary epilepsy, admitted to our hospital from September 2004 to January 2008, were chosen; intraoperative ECoG monitoring was performed to locate the epileptic foci before the resection of the primary lesion. After the resection of primary lesion, resection of epileptic foci, enlarged resection of epileptic foci, cortical thermocoagulation, anterior temporal lobectomy,amygdalohippocampectomy and anterior callosotomy were performed, respectively, in different patients according to the clinical manifestations of seizures, and the locations of lesions and epileptic waveform discharges detected by intraoperative ECoG monitoring. Results The epileptic waveform discharges in 84 patients were noted before the resection of primary lesion. The epileptic waves were found in 80patients at the peripheral areas of the primary nidus under immediately postoperative ECoG monitoring,with a relevance ratio reaching 95.24%; after the resection of residual cortical zone with epileptic wave discharges, epileptic wave disappeared on immediately postoperative ECoG in 13 patients whose lesion located in nonfunctional area; normal signals were noted in 60 of the 67 patients performed cortical thermocoagulation whose cortical zone with epileptic wave discharges were located or neighbored in functional area, and good outcomes under the immediately postoperative ECoG monitoring were noted in the other 7 patients performed thermocoagulation combined with anterior callosotomy and/or amygdalohippocampectomy. The follow-up studies for 10 months to 4 years showed that grade Ⅰ in 56patients (66.67%), grade Ⅱ in 21 (25.00%), grade Ⅲ in 4 (4.76%) and grade Ⅳ in 3 (3.57%) according to the Engle standard of curative effect were achieved; the total effective rate was 96. 42%. Conclusion ECoG monitoring can significantly improve the efficiency of surgical management of secondary epilepsy.

Objective To investigate the therapic efficiency of early one-stage ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and cranioplasty on patients with skull deficit,hydrocephalus and hernia in the cerebral tissue of deficited skull after large flap decompression.Methods Thirty-eight patients with skull deficit,hydrocephalus and hernia in the cerebral tissue of deficited skull after large flap decompression,admitted to our hospital from June 2009 to December 2010,were chosen in our study;early (within two months of onset) one-stage ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and cranioplasty were performed on these patients; follow up was performed for 6-24 months.Results Postoperative CT scan 10 days after the surgery showed that hydrocephlus disappeared in 31 patients and significantly alleviated in 7; the midline located on the middle of the brain,and the titanium structure in the skull deficit was good.The follow-up of 6-24 months (mean 13 months) indicated that hydrocephlus disappeared in 30 patients,significantly alleviated in 6,and recurred in 2 patients under CT scan; recurred hydrocephalus disappeared after a new re-operation of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt.Conslusion The early one-stage ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and cranioplasty could achieve favorable outcome for patients with skull deficit,hydrocephalus and hernia in the cerebral tissue of deficited skull after large flap decompression.

To study and analyze prevalence condition of hypertension and complicated cardiovascular risk factors in north Fujian rural area .Methods : By cluster sampling , an epidemiological questionnaire and physical ex‐amination were performed among 1784 residents using standardized survey method , who were ≥35 years from six towns and eight villages in north Fujian rural area from Jun 2013 to Mar 2014. Hypertension was diagnosed accord‐ing to The 2010 Chinese Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension , multivariate Logistic regres‐sion was used to analyze independent risk factors for hypertension in these subjects .Results : Prevalence rate of hy‐ pertension was 17.43% (31／1784 ) in north Fujian rural area .After population standardization , it＇s 23. 21%(18.66% in men and 16. 13% in women) , there was no significant difference in prevalence rate of hypertension be‐tween men and women in any age layer , P＞0. 05 all.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that age , overweight (BMI≥24 kg／m2 ) , high triglyceride and fasting blood glucose were independent risk factors for hyper‐tension in north Fujian rural area (OR＝1.107－2.096 , P＜0. 05 or ＜0. 01).Conclusion : Prevalence rate of hyper‐tension is high in north Fujian rural area , age , overweight , smoking , high triglyceride and fasting blood glucose are the main risk factors .

OBJECTIVETo explore roles of mRNA and protein expressions of organic anion transporting polypeptide (oatp2b1) of rats with high fat diet and overstrain induced Pi deficiency syndrome in the transporting of damp turbidity.

METHODSTotally 24 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., the normal group, the overstrain group, and the high fat diet group, 8 in each group. After successful modeling, one piece of tissues such as spleen, kidney, liver, lung, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine was taken from each rat. Rats of the overstrain group were bonded by specially made bondage cylinder, 3 h each time on odd days, and forced to swim in cold water (10 +/- 1) degrees C for 7 min on even days alternatively for twelve weeks. Rats in the model group and the normal group were fed with standard routine granular forage for 12 weeks. Rats in the high fat diet group were fed with high fat forage for twelve weeks. All rats drank and ate freely. The mRNA and protein expressions of oatp2b1 were detected in the seven tissues using RT-PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSThe mRNA expression of oatp2b1 in liver and kidney tissues of rats in the high fat diet group was higher when compared with that of the normal group and the overstrain group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The oatp2b1 mRNA expression in the normal group was sequenced from high to low as liver > lung > spleen > larger intestine > small intestine > kidney > stomach. The oatp2b1 mRNA expression in the overstrain group was sequenced from high to low as liver > lung > larger intestine > spleen > kidney > stomach > small intestine. The oatp2b1 mRNA expression in the high fat diet group was sequenced from high to low as liver > lung > spleen > small intestine > kidney > larger intestine > stomach. The oatp2b1 protein expression in the lung tissue was sequenced from high to low as the overstrain group > the normal group > the high fat diet group (P > 0.05). The oatp2b1 protein expression in the spleen tissue was sequenced from high to low as the high fat diet group > the normal group > the overstrain group (P > 0.05). The oatp2b1 protein expression in the kidney tissue was sequenced from high to low as the normal group > the overstrain group > the high fat diet group (P > 0.05). The oatp2b1 protein expression in the liver tissue was sequenced from high to low as the normal group > the high fat diet group > the overstrain group (P > 0.05). Of them, the oatp2b1 protein expressed extremely less in the stomach, large intestine, and small intestine. The oatp2b1 protein expression in the normal group was sequenced from high to low as lung >spleen > liver, kidney > stomach, larger intestine, and small intestine. The oatp2b1 protein expression in the overstrain group was sequenced from high to low as lung > spleen > kidney > liver > stomach, larger intestine, and small intestine. The oatp2b1 protein expression in the high fat diet group was sequenced from high to low as spleen > lung > kidney > liver > stomach, larger intestine, and small intestine. However, there was no statistical significance among the three groups by pair-wise comparison (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSKidney and liver might play important roles in the transportation and transformation of damp under the state of Pi deficiency syndrome. Oatp2b1 may be one of the material bases involved in the transportation and transformation of damp turbidity. Pi's function of governing transportation and transformation of damp might not only include the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, but also include partial liver and kidney functions.

Animals ; Diet, High-Fat ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatigue ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Organic Anion Transporters ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are adult stem cells with multipotential differentiation, which can be induced to differentiate into bone, cartilage and other connective tissues. Meanwhile, as a highly specific marker of tenocytes, Scleraxis is involved in aggregation and differentiation of tendon progenitor cells as well as the formation of tendon extracellular matrix. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether hAMSCs have the ability of differentiation into tenocytes by ectopic expression of Scleraxis. METHODS: Agreed by puerpera, the amniotic membrane from the full-term placenta was separated, and hAMSCs were isolated by a two-step enzyme digestion, observed under inverted phase contrast microscope, and identified by flow cytometry. Passage 3 cells were induced via plasmid-mediated Scleraxis overexpression in overexpression group. Untransfected cells cultured in normal medium served as blank control group, and those with empty plasmid transfection were defined as empty plasmid group. Cell proliferation was tested in each group using cell counting kit-8 within 7 days of culture. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot were used to assess the tenogenic differentiation of hAMSCs in each group at 3 and 7 days of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Findings from the cell counting kit-8 indicated that the cell viability had no significant differences among the groups within 7 days of culture (P > 0.05). Western blot results showed the protein expression of Scleraxis in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR results showed, at 3 days of culture, the expression of collagen type I, collagen type III, Fibronectin and Tenascin-C in the overexpression group was significantly higher than that in the empty plasmid group (P < 0.05), but the expression of Tenomodulin had no difference (P > 0.05); at 7 days of culture, the expressions of collagen type I, collagen type III, Fibronectin, Tenascin-C and Tenomodulin in the overexpression group were significantly higher than those in the empty plasmid group (P < 0.05). In summary, hAMSCs can be differentiated into tenocytes by ectopic expression of Scleraxis.

Objective To investigate mechanical characteristics of the spirochete flagella with tight-fitting ribbon configuration in micro-periplasmic space. Methods The 2D model of two parallel plates was used to simplify the periplasmic space, and the effects of flagellum spacing and eccentricity on force and torque acted on the spirochete flagella, and wall shear stress acted on the spirochete protoplasmic cylinder were studied by using numerical simulation method. Results (1) The relationship between the flagellum horizontal force and eccentricity was presented as a parabolic curve, and the peak value of the flagellum horizontal force was mainly caused by the gradual increase of pressure difference at two sides of the cylinder and the resistance viscous force as well. Flagellum spacing had no significant influence on flagellum horizontal force. (2) The relationship between the flagellum torque and eccentricity was presented as an exponential curve, and smaller flagella spacing would cause bigger flagella torque. (3) Flagellum spacing had no significant effect on wall shear stress of the protoplasmic cylinder, but it would be increased with the number of flagella and the eccentricity increasing. Conclusions Numerical simulation results in this study can qualitatively reflect mechanical characteristics of the spirochete flagella, and also provide references for further understanding the morphology of spirochete as well as its kinematic mechanism and pathogenic characteristics.