Animals ; Arginine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Rabbits

·Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are common outer retinal degenerative problems, which are also the predominant causes of most blinding retinal diseases. Retinal prosthesis is a promising solution for such photoreceptor degeneration diseases.Most of current concepts for a retinal prosthesis are based on neuronal electrical stimulation. In the past twenty years, retinal prosthesis has been developed in two different directions: epiretinal prosthesis and subretinal prosthesis. Each prosthesis technique has its advantages and disadvantages. For epiretinal prosthesis, it is easier to be implanted and has the advantage of keeping most of the electronics in the vitreous cavity, off the retinal surface, which greatly helps in dissipating the heat generated by the implant device. In this paper, a brief overview of retinal prostheses concepts is introduced. After that, several important aspects of epiretinal electrical stimulation will be discussed. Moreover, some practical epiretinal prosthesis devices developed by researchers in United States, Germany and Japan in the past have been reviewed. We hope that the devices will be used widely in the near future.

OBJECTIVE To established a viable and convenient method for human nasoseptal chondrocyte culture in vitro and study the biological characters of the chondrocyte. METHODS The chondrocytes were obtained by incomplete enzyme digestion of cartilage and were seeded with small piece of cartilage in 25 ml culture flasks coated with polylysine previously. This study determines the biologic synthesis of the chondrocytes by toluidine blue and type Ⅱcollagen immunohistochemistry reaction. The proteoglycan synthesis efficiencies of human nasoseptal chondrocytes cultured in vitro were measured by using 35S-Na2SO4 incorporation. The modified method and the conventional method in proteoglycan synthesis were also compared. RESULTS The results suggested that human nasoseptal chondrocytes cultured by modified method still show the normal structure and morphology, and maintain the function of metabolism and self duplication. With the modified method, we can get a higher cell survival rate and more cells. CONCLUSION The modified method is a viable and convenient method.

0.05).However,the shorter the history of the disease,the better the efficacy of the treatment.The younger the patient was,the better the efficacy of the treatment.Conclusions Vulva dystrophy can be treated with focused ultrasound effectively and safely.This approach appears to be a new promising treatment method.

OBJECTIVETo study chemical constituents from Cynanchum auriculatum.

METHODThe chemical components were isolated and purified by silca gel, sephedex-LH-20 and ODS column chromatography. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTThirteen compounds were isolated and identified as: caudatin (1), metaplexigenin (2), cynauricuoside A (3), succinic acid (4), azelaic acid (5), wilforibiose (6), sucrose (7), 1-O-hexadecanolenin (8), beta-amyrin acetate (9), cynanchone A (10), acetylquinol (11), beta-sitosterol (12), daucosterol (13).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 4-9 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Cynanchum ; chemistry ; Dicarboxylic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Tubers ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Succinic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To establish a convenient,accurate and practical method for detection of adefovir dipivoxil resistance-as- sociated mutation in hepatitis B virus:rtA181V/T/S and rtN236T mutations.Methods According to HBV complete sequences in GenBank,two pairs of primers were designed to amplify the region of HBV reverse transcriptase in order to introduce a BglI restriction site upon PCR product of wild type (wt) and a BseDI restriction site upon PCR product of rt236 mutant type.After amplification,the PCR products were digested with BglI and BseDI separately.We used this method to detect wild,rt181 mu- tant,rt236 mutant plasmids and 3 chronic hepatitis B patients' serum with obvious ADV resistance-associated mutations.We also tested the sensitivity of this method by mixing the wild and mutant plasmids in different proportions.Results The method could detect rt181 and rt236 mutations simultaneously.The result of RFLP analysis was in accordance with that of DNA se- quencing and cloning analysis.This method could detect the mutants even when they comprised only 10% of the total virus population.Conclusions The PCR-RFLP method with high sensitivity can detect rt181 and rt236 mutations simultaneously.It can be used for early detection of ADV resistance-associated mutation in hepatitis B virus.

The formulations of pramipexole hydrochloride sustained-release tablets were screened by single factor test and optimized by Box-Behnken design. The effects of the viscosity and content of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, as well as the insoluble sustained-release material combined with HPMC K100M on the in vitro release behavior were investigated. After single factor screening, a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was used for optimization using the contents of HPMC K100, Eudragit RSPO and Eudragit L100 as independent variables, and the cumulative release at different time as responses. The optimal range of the three-factor optimized by Box-Behnken design, one of the optimized formulations was achieved with HPMC K100M of 101. 5 mg, Eudragit RSPO of 98 mg, and Eudragit L100 of 13. 7 mg, and the observed responses of the optimized formulation were very close to the predicted values. The in vitro drug release mechanism of the tablet was studied by drug released model fitted with different equations. The results explained that Eudragit RSPO promoted the release of the pramipexole hydrochloride, while Eudragit L100 blocked the release, and there was an antagonism between them. In conclusion, the drug release behavior of optimized formulations prepared by Eudragit RSPO/L100 was stable, less pH-dependent, which improved the drug bioavailability in vivo.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effective therapeutic method in the treatment of idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL).

METHODSOne hundred and eighty-eight cases of ISHL were randomized into a warming-promoting needling group (74 cases), a conventional acupuncture group (56 cases) and a medication group (58 cases). In the conventional acupuncture group, the conventional needling technique was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Fengchi (GB 20), Yifeng (TE 17), Tinggong (SI 19), Touqiaoyin (GB 11) and Zhigou (TE 6) on the affected side. The treatment was given 5 times each week. Totally, the treatment of 6 weeks was required. In the warming-promoting needling group, on the basic treatment as the conventional acupuncture group, the warming-promoting needling technique was applied to Fengchi (GB 20). In the medication group, the intravenous drop with salvia injectio and mecobalamin was prescribed, once per day, for 10 days totally. Meanwhile, Erlong Zuoci Wan was prescribed for oral administration, 8 pills each time, three times a day for 30 days continuously.

RESULTSAll of the three therapeutic methods achieved the effect on ISHL. The total effective rate was 89.2% (66/74) in the warming-promoting needling group, which was better than 62.5% (35/56) in the conventional acupuncture group and 53.4% (31/58) in the medication group (both P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe warming-promoting needling techinque achieves the significant efficacy on ISHL. The hearing improvement is superior to that treated with either the conventional needling technique or medication.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adult ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo compare the specificity and sensitivity of two genotyping approaches for human papillomavirus (HPV).

METHODHPV DNA was amplified and detected in clinical specimens by polymerase chain reaction in a pair of universal primers MY09/11, and then genotyped with either sequencing method or liquid chip hybridization method (luminex method).

RESULTSequencing method obtained precise genotyping results in single-type HPV infection, while luminex method obtained accurate genotyping results in multiple-type HPV infection.

CONCLUSIONA combined method using both sequencing and luminex method is suitable for the genotyping of HPV-infected specimens.

Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Female Urogenital Diseases ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo study the resistant rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to ADV and the dynamic evolution of HBV in lamivudine (Lam)-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

METHODSTwenty-three Lam-resistant CHB patients were assigned to a 10mg/d ADV monotherapy for 68-116 weeks. The baseline and different time point blood samples after ADV monotherapy were analyzed for ADV-resistant mutations using direct sequencing of PCR products; the evolution of HBV mutations was examined by clonal analysis of serial samples from one patient infected with ADV-associated resistant HBV strains.

RESULTSThe cumulative incidence of genotypic ADV resistance at weeks 48 and 96 was 4.3% and 10.5% respectively respectively. The evolution analysis of HBV mutant strains in an ADV-resistant CHB patient showed that the proportion of YMDD mutants gradually decreased with rtA181S mutants increasing over time after ADV monotherapy, and that rtA181S+N236T mutants became the predominant strains during prolonged ADV monotherapy. The addition of Lam to the ongoing ADV treatment had poorer antiviral response in the patient with rtA181S or rtA181S+N236T mutant infection; one clone with multi-drug resistant mutations was selected during Lam and ADV combination therapy.

CONCLUSIONIncreased risk of adefovir resistance and selection of multi-drug resistant mutations are associated with long-term ADV monotherapy in patients with Lam-resistant chronic hepatitis B.

Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; classification ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; pharmacology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphonates ; therapeutic use