Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia ; Humans

Arteriovenous Fistula ; complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Contrast Media ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vena Cava, Superior ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging

Child ; Female ; Heart Block ; etiology ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; complications ; therapy ; Humans

Adolescent ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; pathology

Designing of natural product-like compounds using natural products as template structures is an important strategy for the discovery of new drugs. Gambogic acid (GA), which is a Garcinia natural product with a unique caged xanthone scaffold, inhibits potent antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. This review summarized the researches on the identification of the antitumor pharmacophore of GA, and the design, structural optimization and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of natural product-like caged xanthones based on it.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Biological Products ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Garcinia ; chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Xanthones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

Aim To discuss the influence of endosome/ lysosome transport proteins SNX10 on macrophage, providing new potential targets for the treatment of variety of related immune diseases . Methods The genotype of mice was identified by PCR. The role of SNX10 in phagocytosis of bacterial components and sterilization by macrophages were assessed. The levels of TNF-α、IL-12 / 23 p40 and IL-6 were measured by q-PCR and ELISA assay. Finally, the NF-κB signaling pathway was evaluated by Western blot and immuno-fluorescence staining. Results Ex vivo experiments showed that SNX10 knockout could enhance bactericid-al ability and inhibit the expression and production of TNF-α, IL-12 / 23 p40 and IL-6 of macrophages.These effects might attribute to the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Conclusion SNX10 knockout could enhance bactericidal ability and inhibit the inflammatory response of macrophages, and its mechanism may be achieved through the NF-κB signa-ling pathway.

Roles of sympathicus, sensory neuropeptides (SNP), metabolites of cyclooxygenase, metabolites of lipoxygenase, endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF), reactive oxygen (ROS) and potassium channels (PC) in the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and hypoxic cerebral vasodilation (HCVD) were studied in intact rats, rabbits and dogs. Results were as follows: during hypoxia, the excitation of sympathicus results in a constriction of both pulmonary and cerebral vessels; SNP, EDRF and the opening of 4-AP sensitive PC caused the dilation of both of them; metabolites of lipoxygenase mediated HPV and HCVD, whereas metabolites of cyclooxygenase were their modulators; hypoxia induced blockade of the ATP sensitive PC mediated HPV, but had no effect on HCVD; reduction of O_2~+ in the lung might potentiate HPV, but had no effect on HCVD. It is suggested that the alteration of lipoxygenase metabolites, ROS and ATP sensitive PC are factors accounting for the difference in response of pulmonary and cerebral vassels to hypoxia.

In temporomandibular disorders (TMD), pain takes place when neuropeptides stimulate synovial tissue to produce several cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which activate neurons and glia of synovial membrane at the bilaminar regions of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It has been reported that, after neurogenic differentiation, the synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs), deriving from TMJ, possess the same cytological features as the neuronal cells. This study examined the ability of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to stimulate SMSCs and neurogenic SMSCs secreting inflammatory cytokines during TMD, evaluated the mutual effects of inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides and tested the analgesic effect of hyaluronic acid (HA). The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in SMSCs and neurogenic SMSCs in the presence of neuropeptides were measured by ELISA. SP and CGRP produced by SMSCs and neurogenic SMSCs were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that the expression of SP and CGRP was significantly enhanced in the neurogenic SMSCs in response to IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and the effect was remarkably inhibited by HA. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, in return, could be enhanced in the neurogenic SMSCs upon stimulation by SP and CGRP. Neuropeptides and inflammatory cytokines might work mutually on the TMD pain. The HA-mediated analgesic effect may be implicated in the inhibition of SP and CGRP expression in neurogenic SMSCs.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features and prognosis of gastrointestinal injury caused by foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract in children.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 217 children who were diagnosed with foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract complicated by gastrointestinal injury by gastroscopy from January 2011 to December 2016, including clinical features, gastroscopic findings, complications, and prognosis.

RESULTSAmong the 217 children, 114 (52.5%) were aged 1-3 years. The most common foreign body was coin (99/217, 45.6%), followed by hard/sharp-edged food (45/217, 20.7%) and metal (35/217, 16.1%). The most common gastrointestinal mucosal injury was ulceration (43.8%), followed by erosion (33.2%). Compared with other foreign bodies, button cells were significantly more likely to cause esophageal perforation (P<0.01). The esophagus was the most commonly injured organ (207/217, 95.4%). Of all the 217 children, 24 (11.1%) experienced infection. The children with perforation caused by foreign bodies had a significantly higher incidence rate of infection than those with ulceration caused by foreign bodies (P=0.003). Of all the 217 children, 204 (94.0%) underwent successful endoscopic removal of foreign bodies. Among these children, 98 were hospitalized due to severe mucosal injury and were given anti-infective therapy, antacids, and supportive care including enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube and/or parenteral nutrition. Of all the children, 10 left the hospital and were lost to follow-up, and all the other children were improved and discharged.

CONCLUSIONSMost cases of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract occur at 1-3 years of age. Coin, hard/sharp-edged food, and metal are the most common foreign bodies. Button cells are more likely to cause esophageal perforation. The incidence rate of secondary infection increases with the increasing severity of gastrointestinal mucosal injury. Children undergoing endoscopic removal of foreign bodies and enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube tend to have a good prognosis.

Female ; Food ; adverse effects ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Metals ; adverse effects ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ; injuries

Activation of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) plays an important role in neuroinflammation.Macrophage recruitment to the sites of inflammation is an essential step in host defense.ASIC 1 and ASIC3 have been reported to mediate the endocytosis and maturation of bone marrow derived macrophages.However,the expression and inflammation-related functions of ASICs in RAW 264.7 cells,another common macrophage,are still elusive.In the present study,we first demonstrated the presence of ASIC 1,ASIC2a and ASIC3 in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),Western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments.The non-specific ASICs inhibitor amiloride and specific homomeric ASIC 1 a blocker PcTx 1 reduced the production of iNOS and COX-2 by LPS-induced activating RAW 264.7 cells.Furthermore,not only amiloride but also PcTx 1 inhibited the migration and LPS-induced apoptosis of RAW 264.7 cells.Taken together,our findings suggest that ASICs promote the inflammatory response and apoptosis of RAW 264.7 cells,and ASICs may serve as a potential novel target for immunological disease therapy.