Objective To synthesize 628F-Py-AMD3465,to investigate its biodistribution in mice and to perform the microPET/CT imaging on mice bearing human lung cancer cell (A549).Methods AMD3465 quaternary ammonium salt precursor was directly labeled with 18F,then 628F-Py-AMD3465 was synthesized through nucleophilic reaction,hydrolysis,neutralization and the product was purified using HPLC.The labeling yield and radiochemical purity were analyzed by HPLC.Fifteen Kunming mice were injected with 5.55 MBq of 628F-Py-AMD3465 and sacrificed at 5,20,40,60 and 120 min postinjection.The selected tissues were harvested and weighed,and the radioactivity in the tissues was measured by an automated γ-spectrometer.The ％ID/g was calculated.MicroPET/CT studies were performed on A549-bearing mice after injecting 6-18F-Py-AMD3465 through vena caudal.Paired t test was used.Results 6-18F-Py-AMD3465 was successfully synthesized with the labeling yield of (9.0±2.0)％,the total synthesis time was about 60 min,and the radiochemical purity was more than 98％.Biodistribution studies showed that the radiouptake was higher in the kidneys and bladder of normal mice,which demonstrated that 6-18 F-Py-AMD3465 was mainly excreted through the kidneys.Biodistribution in A549-bearing mice was similar to that in normal mice.The tumor/muscle ratio at 40 min was 5.0,but the radiouptake of the tumor was still lower than that of the normal lung:(8.05±0.35) ％ID/g vs (9.33±0.66) ％ID/g;t=5.26,P＜0.05.MicroPET/CT imaging showed that the high-uptake location of 6-18F-Py-AMD3465 in tumor-bearing mice was similar to the normal mice,and the tumor uptake reached the maximum level at 45 min post-injection (SUV 0.67).Conclusions 6-18F-Py-AMD3465 can be synthesized by a simple method.A lower uptake could be shown in the tumor compared to that in the lung and the tracer has limited diagnostic value for lung cancer.

Objective To study the medical image three dimensional visualization system(MI-3DVS)in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatolithiasis.Methods The data of 64-slice spiral computed tomography of 54 patients with hepatolithiasis who were admitted to the Zhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical University from August 2008 to August 2010 were collected.The liver and bile duct were three dimensionally(3D)constructed.Preoperative diagnosis and pathological classification were made according to the results of the 3D model of liver and bile duct.The optimal surgical procedure was determined by simulating operations based on the 3D model.The compliance of simulated operation and actual operation was observed,and residual stones were detected by cholangiography.Results Of the 54 patients,11 were with type Ⅰ,5 with type Ⅱ(including 2 patients with type Ⅱ a and 3 with Ⅱ b),38 with type E.There were 23 patients with intrahepatic bile duct stricture and 27 with atrophy-hypertrophy syndrome complex.The anatomy of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct,dilation and stricture of the bile duct,site,size and number of the bile duct stones were clearly displayed in the MI-3DVS.The compliance rate of simulated surgery and actual surgery was 94%(51/54).There was no residual stones in 51 patients who received elective surgery and the rate of residual stone of the 54 patients was 6%(3/54).Conclusion Acurate preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative precise operation can be achieved and the rate of residual stone can be reduced by using the MI-3DVS.

OBJECTIVETo provide basis for strengthening safety of acupoint-injection and increasing clinical therapeutic effect.

METHODSAnalyze and study on the relative articles from the databank of whole articles of Chinese periodicals of CNKI by information retrieval with computer, with acupoint-injection, nerve injury as key words.

RESULTSMost of clinical reports focus on acupoint-injection for treatment of nervous injury induced by trauma and birth injury. The studies indicate that the injuries of the peripheral nerves induced by acupoint-injection can be divided into 3 grades and the injury mechanisms can be divided into 3 classifications. The injuring causes include improper posture of the patients, improper angle and depth of injection and improper medicine selection.

CONCLUSIONAcupoint-injection can be applied more widely as soon as the accomplishment of the standardization of operation.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Injections ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Posture

Objective To apply the binary Logistic regression model and evaluate the value of grey scale ultrasonography(US),ultrasond elastography(UE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Methods US,UE and CEUS were performed in 130 patients with 142 solid thyroid micronodules (the largest diameter less than 10 mm).Pathology was followed up as golden diagnosis criteria.A Logistic model on the basis of ultrasonographic features was obtained.A receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to assess the performance of Logistic model.Results Four ultrasonic indexes were finally entered into the Logistic regression model including microcalcification,acpect ratio,advanced CEUS mode and elasticity score.The percentage correction of prediction was 92.1％ (129/142),the area under the ROC curve was 0.944.Conclusions The multivariate analysis model of binary Logistic regression can describe and analyze the process of differential diagnosis of malignant and benign solid thyroid micronodules by ultrasonography,and select out the valuable indexes for differential diagnosis.

This study is to investigate the roles of neuregulin receptor ErbB2 and protein kinase B (PKB) in pacing-induced heart failure of rhesus monkey. Rapid pacing was used to induce heart failure in rhesus monkey. Aorta intubatton was used to perform hemodynamic measurements, 17 days after pacing. N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), one of the most important molecular marker of heart failure, was also measured by the method of electrochemical luminescence immunoassay. The mRNA expressions of ErbB2, PKB and Bcl-xl were detected in the left ventricular free walls by RT-PCR method. The expressions of phospho-PKB and Bcl-xl on protein level were also detected by Western blotting. The contractibility of cardiac muscle decreased significantly, which consisted with the increase of BNP. Compared with control group, the mRNA expressions of ErbB2, PKB and Bcl-xl were depressed, and similar results were also found in the protein expression analysis of phospho-PKB and Bcl-xl. The expressions of ErbB2, PKB and Bcl-xl were down-regulated during heart failure in rhesus monkey which suggested the important roles of ErbB2 receptor and PKB in the mechanism of heart failure.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Heart Failure ; etiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; bcl-X Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Pain is the most common symptom in clinics. Therefore, the quality, time course and location of pain are important for the diagnosis and treatment. However, pain is very difficult to define, and it is one of the conditions poorly understood by the medical sciences. In Western medicine pain is often described in terms of a penetrating or tissue-destructive process and/or emotional reactions, but in Chinese medicine the pathogenesis and description of pain are different. It is described based on the theories and pathogenesis of Chinese medicine, and the patients' feeling according to their languages and cultures. Thus, when taking the history and conducting physical examination in patients in China and treating them according to Chinese medicine, we have to know how these patients express and describe their pain when they go to clinics. This article will explain some terms and words in the Chinese language and their corresponding terms in the English language.
Blood Circulation ; physiology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pain ; etiology ; Pain Management ; Pressure ; Temperature ; Time Factors

Some issues on the formulation of Standardized manipulations of acupuncture and moxibustion-part 6: acupoint injection are debated in this paper, including the definition of acupoint injection, characteristics of the standard and application of technical index etc. In the paper, the authors suggest that the issues on the selecting acupoints and drugs should be paid attention during the standard in use. Finally, the authors propose that the technical description of the acupoint injection in the reported literatures needs to be improved in order to better serve for clinical and scientific research.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; standards ; Drug Therapy ; methods ; standards ; Humans ; Injections ; Moxibustion ; methods ; standards ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo assess the effectiveness of acupuncture for treatment of herpes zoster.

METHODSAccording to the requirement of evidence-based medicine, acupuncture, body acupuncture, electroacupuncture, head acupuncture, three edged needle, plum-blossom needle, fire needle, elongated needle, encircling needling, herpes zoster, etc. were selected as subject words to retrieve the relative medical database at home, and clinically randomized controlled trials were used as enrolled criteria, the treatment group were treated with acupuncture or acupuncture plus other therapies, and the control group with medicine, the cured rate and the time of killing pain for herpes zoster were used as assessment indexes. Altogether 43 papers were enrolled. Among them 10 papers were conducted for Meta-analysis by RevMan 4.2.9.

RESULTSThe total OR was 4.27 with 95% CI [2.90, 6.29] of the clinically cured rate in the 10 studies, and the total OR was -7.64 with 95% CI [-8.12, -7.15] of the time of killing pain in the 4 studies. The therapeutic effect in the treatment group on herpes zoster was superior to that of the western medicine (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture therapy for herpes zoster is effective, but more high-quality studies are required to prove this view point.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Herpes Zoster ; therapy ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the diagnostic value of serum galactomannan antigen (GM) and (1→3)-β-D-glucan antigen (BG) assay in invasive fungal infections (IFI) in the patients with hematologic malignancies and the role in monitoring therapeutic response.

METHODSFifty one patients with hematological malignancies met the criteria for inclusion: (1) body temperature above 38°C for 48 hours, (2) failure to respond to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, or (3) temperature rose again after the responded drop. Blood samples were collected twice at the first week, then once a week in at least four weeks. The double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and colorimetric assay were used for detecting GM and BG. The positive GM test is defined as two consecutive tests at different time GM value > 0.5 or > 0.8 and the positive G test is defined as BG value > 80 pg/ml. The patients were assigned into four groups as proven, probable, possible, and non-fungal infection respectively, and 21 normal volunteers were as controls.

RESULTSTwo hundred and forty serum samples were collected from 51 patients including 2 of proven IFI, 26 probable IFI, 17 possible IFI and 6 non-fungal infection. The true-positive group including the proven and probable groups, and true negative group was the non-fungal infection group. GM tests were positive in 21 of 28 cases in true positive group, and only one of 6 cases in non-fungal infection. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 75%, 83.3%, 95.5% and 41.7%, respectively. G tests were positive in all 28 cases of the true positive group, and 4 in 6 non-fungal infection cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100%, 33.3%, 87.5% and 100%, respectively. G test is more sensitive than GM test (P = 0.015), but there was no significant difference in specificity of the two tests (P = 0.242). In 19 of 21 patients with GM test positive, anti-fungal treatment was effective, and GM value gradually decreased to negative, two invalid patients were persistent with GM test positive. After two weeks treatment, the average GM value was significantly lower in the effective group than in the ineffective group (P < 0.05). BG values in the responded patients showed a gradual decline similar to that of GM values, but not to negative. The changes of BG value in ineffective group varied with a trend upward. The changes in BG value had no relation with treatment effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONSSerum GM and BG antigens detection provides strong evidence for early diagnosis of IFI. Combination of GM and G tests can improve the diagnostic specificity and reduce the false positive GM test seems superior to G test for monitoring GM and BG values during treatment.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, Fungal ; blood ; immunology ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; immunology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mannans ; immunology ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; blood ; immunology ; Young Adult ; beta-Glucans ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of protective hepatectomy based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique in the treatment of hepatolithiasis.

METHODSThe image data of 64-slice spiral CT scan were obtained from 21 patients with hepatolithiasis and processed using the MI-3DVS software for 3D reconstruction and visible simulation surgery of protective hepatectomy. The actual protective hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis was performed based on the preoperative surgical plan according to the 3D model and the simulation hepatectomy. The consistency between the actual hepatectomy and the simulation surgery was evaluated, and the operating time, lengths of postoperative hospital stay, estimated blood loss, calculus depletion rate and intra- and postoperative complications were recorded.

RESULTSThe consistency rate between the actual procedures of hepatectomy were carried out with a total consistency with the preoperative surgical simulation, and the normal functioning liver tissues were retained in all the 21 patients. The operating time of the procedures was 215.2∓51.3 min, the average postoperative hospital stay was 10.7∓4.3 days, estimated blood loss was 301.4∓60.7 ml, and the calculus depletion rate was 95.2%. The procedure was associated with an incidence of intra- and postoperative complications of 19.0%.

CONCLUSIONProtective hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis based on 3D technique allows efficient calculus depletion, lesion removal, elimination of strictures, and total bile drainage, and also protects the maximum functional liver tissue and reduces the surgical complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bile Ducts ; Cholelithiasis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Software ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Treatment Outcome