Objective To investigate the expression of autophagy and the effect of complement C5a/C5aR pathway on autophagy induced by renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI).Methods MaleWT and C5aR gene knockout (BALB/C background) mice were selected.The model of renal IRI was established by occluding bilateral renal pedicles with microaneurysm clamps.Mice were divided into wild type BALB/C (WT) group and C5aR gene knock out (C5aRKO) group.The pathology of kidney was assessed by HE staining.The levels of BUN and KIM-1 were detected 24 h after reperfusion.The expression of the autophagy-associated protein (LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ and P62) was measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence.In vitro,human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) were cultured.The expression of LC3 in HK2 cells was investigated by immunofluorescence and Western blotting after being treated with recombinant C5a or C5a combined with C5aR antagonist (C5aRA).Results As compared with WT group,the severity of kidney injury was obviously reduced in C5aRKO group (P＜0.05).After ischemia-reperfusion,the expression of autophagy-related protein LC3 gradually increased with the reperfusion time prolonged.The level of autophagy induced by ischemia-reperfusion was significantly reduced in C5aRKO group as compared with WT group (P＜0.05).In addition,the expression of autophagy-related protein LC3 Ⅱ in HK2 cells was increased with the augment of C5a stimulation concentration in vitro.Blockage of C5aR pathway by C5aRA led to a significant decrease in autophagy (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Complement C5a/C5aR pathway promotes renal IRI-induced autophagy.

Traditional recombination technology of bacteria chromosome and its limitation were introduced. The definition of Red recombination technology is put forward: a method of homologous recombination between foreign linear DNA and the target gene in chromosomes mediated by ? phage Red system. The linear DNA referred here is general PCR product or oligonucleotide, which has a 36~50bp homologous sequence with the target gene in chromosome at both flanking. Red recombination technology leaves out the in vitro DNA restriction enzyme digestion and link process, which makes the knockout and alternation of target gene in bacteria chromosome relatively easier, and becomes an effective method to exploring genes and constructing new strains gradually. The gene inactivation and alternation method aiming at bacteria chromosome applied to Red recombination system was summarized by the structure element, action mechanism, and strategy of recombination, advantage and developing prospect. The Red system includes three genes: bet (aka?), exo and gam (aka ?). Exo is a 5′→3′ exonuclease, which degrades the 5′ ends of linear DNA molecules. Bet is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that binds to the single stranded 3′ ends generated by Exo and promotes annealing to complementary DNA. Gam binds to the host RecBCD complex and inhibits its exonuclease activity. Red recombination system may be constructed in such plasmids as pKD20 and pKD46 or in chromosome of bacteria. Most bacteria are not readily transformable with linear DNA because of the presence of intracellular exonucleases that degrade linear DNA. But when bacteria cells are transformed with pKD20 or pKD46 plasmid, or integrated with a detective ? prophage, Red recombination enzymes may be expressed in host cells, which make linear DNA with 36~50bp extensions that are homologous to both flanking of target genes transform E.coli readily and knock-out or alternate target gene. The Red recombination method is not only useful in chromosomal gene inactivation in E.coli, but also in other bacteria or virus, such as Salmonella, Shigella flexneri and virus HaSNPV. With the proceeding research, Red system will be applied for more and more purposes, and contribute a lot for gene improvement and gene function investigation in the coming Postgenome Era.

Objective:To'synthesize BODIPY-FL-labeled phenylephrine(BODIPY-FL-PE)and deter-mine its biological activity.Methods:Condensation of BODIPY-FL(green fluorescence dye)and phe-nylephrine(?_1-adrenoceptor agonist)was performed by adding dicyclohexylcarbodiimide(DCC)in thepresence of absolute tetrahydrofuran(THF).The reaction occurred in absolutely oxygen and water condi-tion at room temperature.The crude product was separated and purified by thin-layer chromatography(TLC).The structure of BODIPY-FL-PE was characterized by TLC and mass spectrometry(MS).Itspharmabiological activity was determined by Western blot.Results:BODIPY-FL-PE,the target mole-cule,was synthesized and its structure was identified by using ultra-violet spectrometry(UV)and MS.The result of Western blot indicated that ?_1-adrenoceptor(?_1-AR)induced ERK phosphorylation wasconfirmed in both BODIPY-FL-PE and PE treated groups.Conclusion:The synthesized BODIPY-FL-PEhas pharmacological activity that could activate ?_1-AR.Visualization of AR behaviors could be achievedby tracing the trajectories of BODIPY-FL-PE labeled AR.It might be a promising tool for investigatingdynamic behaviors of AR in living cells.

Objective To investigate the expression of human macrophage metalloelastase(HME) both in gastric cancer cell lines and gastric cancer tissues,and to find the role of HME in gastric carcino genesis.Methods Fifty eight patients who were operated in our hospital during April to Aug.2003 were enrolled.The samples taken from cancer,paracancer or normal tissues of these patients and cancer cell lines(MGC-803,SGC-7901,AGS)were detected for HME protein and HME mRNA expressions by Western blot and immunohistochemistry,RT-PCR and fluorescence quantitative PCR,respectively. Results Both HME mRNA and HME protein expressions were found in all three gastric cancer cell lines.The expressions of HME mRNA and HME protein in gastric cancer tissues was increased signifi- cantly compared with that in normal tissues(P0.05).Conclusions The increased HME expression in gastric cancer tissures compared with normal tissue indicate that HME may be a potential tumor marker for gastric cancer.

This article elaborated the connotation and characteristics of research-oriented hospital as well as its inner connection with the development of key disciplines , based on the system dynamics model data analysis of the National TCM Clinical Research Base . It gave suggestions in increasing discipline input , strengthening personnel training , and improving achievement output to research-oriented hospital construction in order to promote the construction of research-oriented hospitals .

This article took the research work of 16 national clinical research base construction units as its background in order to dig the connotation of health service efficiency . Through data envelopment analysis , a comprehensive exposition was given on the inputs and outputs relation of medical and health service efficiency in order to propose appropriate policy recommendations. The study was guided by the scientific development concept in order to gradually improve the efficiency of health services and achieve a comprehensive , coordinat-ed and sustainable development of the hospital .

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of health education on controlling of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis(referred to as endemic fluorosis) in Guizhou,and to provide a scientific basis for development of control strategies.Methods A total of 37 counties were selected in Guizhou province,and 3 townships were chosen in each project county.Heath educational activities were carried out in the classes of grade 5 in the Central Primary School of each selected township.In the meantime,3 villages were chosen in each selected township where the health education for women of child-bearing age in the community was carried out.Survey on knowledge questionnaire of endemic fluorosis control was conducted among 30 students of grade 5 in the Central Primary School and 15 women of childbearing age of each selected township before and after the health educational activities.Results The knowing rate of endemic fluorosis control of pupils in all the 37 counties increased from 45.03％(14637/32505) to 89.79％(52898/58910),of women of child-bearing age increased from 38.97％ (5729/14700) to 76.55％(19198/25080) after the health education.ConclusionsThe knowing rate of endemic fluorosis control among pupils and women of child-bearing age is remarkably increased after implementing the health education projects.They have better life and health habits,and the project has reached desired goal.

OBJECTIVEThe best approach for blood pressure (BP) measurement in children remains controversial, especially on the choice of Korotkoff phase 4 (K4) vs. Korotkoff phase 5 (K5) for diastolic BP (DBP) and to compare the differences between K4 and K5 in school-aged children and their predictions to hypertension in adult.

METHODSThe "Beijing children and adolescents BP study" cohort population consisted 2505 school-aged children aged 6 to 17 at baseline survey in 1987, when datum of systolic BP (SBP), DBP measured using K4 and K5, were collected respectively. Among them, 412 individuals with 220 males and 192 females at age of 23-37 years old, were successfully followed up and invited to take part in a clinical examination including anthropometric measurements, SBP and DBP recordings, and a questionnaires in 2005. Method for the BP measurements at both baseline and followed-up was by auscultation with a standard sphygmomanometer. Child hypertension at baseline was diagnosed according to the age-specific cutoffs recommended by the World Health Organization in 1996 (WHO 1996). Adult hypertension was diagnosed according to the China Guideline for Hypertension Prevention and Control issued in 2005. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated to describe the association of K4 and K5 in childhood with SBP and DBP level in adulthood. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the impact of choice of K5 and K4 as DBP in childhood on prediction to the hypertension in adulthood. Potential confounders such as gender and adult-height were controlled for.

RESULTSAt baseline, the prevalence rates of hypertension were 5.0% with DBP measured using K4, and 2.4% with DBP measured using K5, respectively. The geometric mean difference value of K4 minus K5 (K4 - K5) was (10.1 +/- 1.7 mm Hg) (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) for the 2505 school-aged children, and decreased as age increased. There was no significant difference regarding the values of K4 - K5 between males and females in all age groups except for children who at pubertal stage. The distribution of K4 - K5 value across age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001), 59.6%, 60.5%, 56.3% and 45.1% of children who aged 6-9 years, 10-12 years, 13-15 years, and 16-17 years with their K4 - K5 value over 10 mm Hg. K4 in childhood was better correlated to both SBP and DBP in adulthood than K5. In general, K4 seemed to be superior to K5 in predicting hypertension in adulthood. The odds ratios of hypertension in adulthood were 1.69 (95% CI: 1.11-2.00), 1.45 (1.05-2.02), 2.18 (1.37-3.47), and 1.66 (1.07-2.59) with each 5 mmHg increasing of K4 measured in children aged 6-9 years, 10-12 years, 13-15 years, and 16-17 years, respectively. The agreement diagnosis between child hypertension and adult hypertension was higher for childhood DBP measured using K4 (20.2%) than that using K5 (12.8%).

CONCLUSIONThere was significant difference between K4 and K5 in Chinese children and adolescents. Choice of diastolic Korotkoff blood pressure could affect DBP tracking from childhood into adulthood. K4 seemed superior to K5 when using auscultator technique to measure DBP.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male

Objective To investigate the daily total fluoride intake in relating to the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in two villages in Jiangsu Province,in order to provide the scientific evidences for the control and prevention of endemic fluorosis.Methods Adults sampled from a high-fluoride Village,Wamiao,and a low-fluoride Village,Xinhuai,were surveyed in this study according to the fluoride concentration in their household shallow well.The average daily total fluoride intake from difierent sources and the skeletal fluorosis were investigated in each subject.Then the subjects from two villages were allocated into five subgroups(＜2.00,2.00～,3.00～,4.00～,≥5.00 mg/d),the relation fluoride intake and prevalence of osteofluorosis was analyzed.Results The prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in Wamiao Village was 31.06%(41/132),but no skeletal fluorosis case(0/35)was found in Xinhuai Village.According to the daily total fluoride intake,subjects with higher daily total fluoride intake tended to associated with a higher prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in a significant dose-response relationship(regression equation:y=2.624-6.855x+3.424x2:r=0.997).The benchmark dose lower limitation of daily total fluoride intake with 95% confidencewas 2.50 mg/d calculated according to this dose-response relationship,the reference dose(RfD)was 2.50 mg/d.In Wamiao Village a significant difference was also found between daily total fluoride intake in 41 subjects[(5.09±1.20)mg/d]with X-ray detectable skeletal fluorosis and in 91 subjects[(3.08±1.12)mg/d]without X-ray detectable skeletal fluorosis(t=-9.32,P＜0.01).Conclusions These findings indicate that the daily total fluoride intake has a significant dose-response relationship with the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in an endemic fluorosis area associated with high-fluoride drinking water;and the RfD in this study was lower than that in the national standard of"Chinese hygienic standard for daily total fluoride intake(WS/T 87-1996)"(3.50 mg/d).

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous laser disk decompression(PLDD) is a new interventional therapy of lumbar disk herniation recently. Posterior lateral route is often employed. Puncture route was investigated by the application of anatomic methods previously. However, there are relative fewer reports regarding the observation of the route of lumbar nerve root in intervertebral plane and triangle working area from thin section anatomy and CT section anatomy.OBJECTIVE: To clarify the intervertebral route and its adjacent relationship of lumbar nerve root on thin section and CT section to provide a anatomic gist for puncture route in PLDD.DESIGN: An observational study based on corpus and normal individual.SETTING: Department of radiology of a military medical university of Chinese PLA affiliated hospital and the department of anatomy of a military medical university of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: The collection of the first Chinese visible human was completed in the Department of Anatomy(laboratory of computer medicine) the Faculty of Medicine, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in October 2002. Totally 53 subjects without confirmed vertebral and intervertebral disc diseases and other diseases of the adjacent organs received CT examination and measurement in the Department of Radiology of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA Affiliated Southwest Hospital between january and March 2000.INTERVENTIONS: The intervertebral route of lumbar nerve root in the first Chinese visible human was observed descriptively. The route, morphology, size, adjacent structure, and the distance between puncture line and lumbar nerve in 53 normal individuals were observed and measured by CT.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To describe the intervertebral route of lumbar nerve root in the first CVH and normal individual, to measure the intervertebral length and width of lumbar nerve, and the distance between puncture line and lumbar nerve.RESULTS: The first Chinese visible human lumbar has 48 layers of intervertebral space with a thickness of each layer of 1.0 mm. The route and adjacent structure of lumbar nerve displayed in each section were clear. CT image clearly showed the intervertebral route, size and adjacent structure of lumbar nerve root.CONCLUSION: The first Chinese visible human lumbar nerve root intervertebral route is a continuous and intact thin section specimen. The intervertebral route and morphology of lumbar root nerve have great alterations. The relationship between puncture route and its adjacent lumbar nerve root, anterior articular process, ilium wing and vessels is very close.