The Dendrobium species are rare and endangered medicinal plants, and it is difficult to investigate their wild resources with conventional methods because of typical epiphytic herbaceous. We explored Dendrobium resources(include culture resource) of Qinba Mountains and the boundary Mountain area in Hubei, Chongqing using the methods of literatures and field investigation, and found that the cultural base of Dendrobium were profound in Qinba Mountains region. Furthermore, its germplasm resources of Dendrobium were established for the first time in Wanzhou Luotian town. In case the advantages of local rock resources and poverty alleviation demand, we have actively carried out the cultivating mode of Dendrobium which grow on rock, and the poverty alleviation model of local characteristic Dendrobium industry were established preliminarily. Our application case can provide reference for the mining and transformation of traditional Chinese medicine resources census results.
Agriculture ; economics ; China ; Dendrobium ; growth & development ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Poverty

Objective To explore the correlation factors and clinical significance of lymph node metastasis in right recurrent laryngeal nerve of thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC).Methods Ninty-eight consecutive patients with PTC who were underwent total thyroidectomy with routine central lymph node dissection in the Second People's Hospital of Hefei from January 2015 to August 2017 were analyzed.The right paratracheal lymph nodes in the central compartment lymph nodes were divided into the level Ⅵ-A (anterior) and level Ⅵ-B (posterior,that was lymph node posterior to recurrent laryngeal nerve) compartments by recurrent laryngeal nerve.The lymph node metastasis of Ⅵ-B area during central compartment lymph node dissection was analyzed.We drew the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) for right neck Ⅵ-A number of lymph node metastasis,and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) and Youden index.Results Among 98 cases,16 cases occurred Ⅵ-B district lymph node metastasis (16.33％).Single factor analysis results showed that lymph node metastasis in Ⅵ-B area of PTC patients were related to the tumor size (x2 =12.864,P ＜0.001),tumor capsular invasion (x2 =16.354,P ＜ 0.001),the right neck Ⅵ-A area lymph node metastasis (x2 =16.065,P ＜ 0.001),tumor number (x2 =15.593,P ＜ 0.001) and neck lymph node metastasis (x2 =21.098,P ＜0.001),but they were not related to the patients' gender,age and lesion location (all P ＞ 0.05).Lymph node metastasis in Ⅵ-B area of PTC patients were related to the number of right neck Ⅵ-A area lymph node metastasis.When the number of right neck Ⅵ-A metastatic lymph nodes was 2.5,the sensitivity and specificity were 70.60％ and 70.00％ respectively,AUC was 0.754,and Youden index was 0.406.Conclusion For patients with PTC,primary tumor diameter ＞ 1 cm,tumor extracapsular invasion,Ⅵ-A area lymph node metastasis,multiple tumor and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis were the predictive factors for the lymph node metastasis in Ⅵ-B area.When the number of right neck Ⅵ-A area metastatic lymph nodes was greater than 3,we should dissect Ⅵ-B area.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors for the development of congenital anal atresia in neonates.

METHODSA total of 70 neonates who were admitted to 17 hospitals in Foshan, China from January 2011 to December 2014 were enrolled as case group, and another 70 neonates who were hospitalized during the same period and had no anal atresia or other severe deformities were enrolled as control group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for the development of congenital anal atresia.

RESULTSThe univariate analysis revealed that the age of mothers, presence of oral administration of folic acid, infection during early pregnancy, and polyhydramnios, and sex of neonates showed significant differences between the case and control groups (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that infection during early pregnancy (OR=18.776) and male neonates (OR=9.304) were risk factors for congenital anal atresia, and oral administration of folic acid during early pregnancy was the protective factor (OR=0.086).

CONCLUSIONSInfection during early pregnancy is the risk factor for congenital anal atresia, and male neonates are more likely to develop congenital anal atresia than female neonates. Supplementation of folic acid during early pregnancy can reduce the risk of congenital anal atresia.

Anus, Imperforate ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors

To establish a method for the determination of three volatile components: menthone, menthol and pulegone in Yinqiao powder (YQP) decoction, explore the change rules of volatile components in decocting process, and provide evidence for elucidating the scientific connotation of its traditional decocting method "taking when the fragrance is volatilized fiercely". YQP decoctions with different decocting time were prepared, and GC-MS was used to qualitatively analyze the volatile components and determine the contents of menthone, menthol and pulegone in decoctions. Then the effects of different decocting time on contents of volatile components were investigated. The results showed that the volatile components in YQP decoctions mainly come from Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, Schizonepetae Herba and Forsythiae Fructus. With the extension of decocting time, the concentrations of all the above 3 volatile components in Yinqiao powder decoction were first increased and then decreased. When soaking for 30 minutes, as well as boiling for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes, the concentrations of menthone in YQP decoction were 0.058, 0.268, 0.216, 0.073, 0.065, 0.048, 0.048, 0.041, 0.038, 0.034 mg•L ⁻¹; the concentrations of menthol were 0.965, 2.847, 3.633, 2.420, 1.539, 1.189, 1.273, 1.188, 0.905, 0.663 mg•L ⁻¹; the concentrations of pulegone were 0.355, 0.522, 0.598, 0.477, 0.374, 0.374, 0.339, 0.355, 0.248, 0.251 mg•L ⁻¹; and the total concentrations were 1.377, 3.637, 4.446, 2.970, 1.979, 1.611, 1.660, 1.583, 1.191, 0.947 mg•L ⁻¹, respectively. The results showed that the contents of menthone, menthol and pulegone in YQP decoctions were heavily influenced by the decocting time. The fragrance was volatilized fiercely at about 5 minutes after boiling, with larger concentrations of the above three volatile components in decoction; the fragrance got weak after 15 minutes of boiling, the concentrations of menthone, menthol and pulegone in YQP decoctions were significantly decreased, indicating that the traditional decocting method "taking when the fragrance is volatilized fiercely" has some scientific foundation.

[Abstract ] Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of retractorless surgery in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage .Methods :Fity‐six cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage treated by retractorless surgery and 59 cases treated by retractor surgery from January 2013 to December 2015 were included .Brain retraction injury rate , hematoma removal rate ,rebleeding rate ,operation time ,90‐day modified Rankin score and mortality rate were observed in the two groups .Results:All operations in the retractorless group were successfully completed without the retractor .There was no significant difference in hematoma removal rate ,rebleeding rate ,operation time and mortality between the two groups .The brain retraction injury rate in the retractorless group was significantly lower than that in the retractor group (P<0 .01) .90‐day modified Rankin score in the retractorless group was significantly better than that in the retractor group . Conclusions :Retractorless surgery can not only reduce the brain retraction injury , but also improve the prognosis of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the operation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage .

Aim To investigate the relationship be-tween the cardioprotection of apigenin ( Api ) from an-oxia/reoxygenation ( A/R) injury and Bcl-2 pathway. Methods H9 c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured and di-vided into normal control group, A/R group, Api pre-treatment group ( Api ) , Api + Bcl-2 inhibitor group ( Api + ABT-737 ) . Expression of Bcl-2 was deter-mined by Western blot,and cell viability was measured by MTT method. LDH, SOD, GSH-Px, MDA activity were determined by chromometry. ROS generation, mi-tochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were de-termined by flow cytometry. Results 25h after apige-nin precondition,the expression of Bcl-2 was upregulat-ed in cardiomyocytes ( P <0. 01 ) . In the group pre-treated with 40 μmol · L-1 apigenin before A/R, the activity of LDH in culture medium decreased; the ac-tivity of intracellular SOD, GSH-Px increased; the content of MDA and ROS generation decreased; cell viability increased; mitochondrial membrane potential could be more stable and cell apoptosis decreased ( P<0. 01 ) . However, all these protective effects were attenuated significantly in the group pretreated with apigenin and Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 . Conclusion The effect of apigenin against A/R injury in cardiomyo-cytes involves Bcl-2 pathway, and at least partly de-pends on its effect on upregulating the expression of Bcl-2 .

BACKGROUNDSeasonal influenza epidemic occurs every year in Guangzhou, which can affect all age groups. Young children are the most susceptible targets. Parents can decide whether to vaccinate their children or not based on their own consideration in China. The aim of this study was to identify factors that are important for parental decisions on vaccinating their children against seasonal influenza based on a modified health belief model (HBM).

METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangzhou, China. A total of 335 parents who had at least on child aged between 6 months and 3 years were recruited from women and children's hospital in Guangzhou, China. Each eligible subject was invited for a face-to-face interview based on a standardized questionnaire.

RESULTSUptake of seasonal influenza within the preceding 12 months among the target children who aged between 6 months and 36 months was 47.7%. Around 62.4% parents indicated as being "likely/very likely" to take their children for seasonal influenza vaccination in the next 12 months. The hierarchical logistic regression model showed that children's age (odds ratio [OR] =2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44-4.68), social norm (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.06-4.06) and perceived control (OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.60-5.50) were significantly and positively associated with children's vaccination uptake within the preceding 12 months; children with a history of taking seasonal influenza vaccine (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.31-4.76), perceived children's health status (OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.68-6.74), worry/anxious about their children influenza infection (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.19-4.48) and perceived control (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.65-6.22) were positively association with parental intention to vaccinate their children in the future 12 months. However, anticipated more regret about taking children for the vaccination was associated with less likely to vaccinate children within the preceding 12 months (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08-0.52).

CONCLUSIONSThe modified HBM provided a good theoretical basic for understanding factors associated with parents' decisions on their children's vaccination against seasonal influenza.

Child, Preschool ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Influenza Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Influenza, Human ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Male

Clinical breakpoints are used in phaseⅡorⅢclinical trials to categorize microorganisms if susceptibility to new tested antibacterial agents that means the patient infected by the pathogen will be enrolled the study or not.The role of this consensus is to define procedure and required data to setting breakpoints and how to revaluate it in clinical trials.