Objective To conduct the preliminary toxicology tests and evaluate the preservation effect on a new specimen preservation solution in order to provide scientific basis for its application security. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly di-vided into the normal saline group, the formalin preservation group,the mixture group,and the new preservation solution group. Recorded the irritation of different solution on the skin,eye of rabbits,the effect of liver sample preservation in different solution,and the evaporation rate of these solution. And to find a set of preservative solution which is more suitable for preservation of specimens and can reduce the cost. Results The new preservation solution is stimulus on rabbit skin and eye,and it is stronger than the formaldehyde group. Compared with the other three groups,the mixture group has the best preservation effect, and the new preservation solution group has a better preservation effect than the formalin preservation solution group. Conclusion The 1∶1 mixture solution of the new preservation solution and formaldehyde is more suitable preservation solution and it can reduce the costs.

The conductivity and permittivity of blood in mice were measured by the AC electrical impedance method at frequency range of 0.1-100MHz, and then the changes of the Cole-Cole parameters of dielectric spectra of blood from phenylhydrazine-induced anemia mice were observed by numerical calculation and curve fitting residual analysis of the Cole-Cole equation. The results showed that hematocrit (Hct) of the mice with phenylhydrazine injection was significantly reduced; the permittivity(epsilon) spectroscopy of blood moved to the low insulating region and its permittivity decreased; conductivity (kappa) spectrum curve of blood moved to the high conductivity zone and conductivity increased; the 2nd characteristic frequency was lower than that in the normal group. There was phenylhydrazine dose dependent in the changes of the Cole-Cole parameters of dielectric spectra of blood.
Anemia ; blood ; Animals ; Blood Physiological Phenomena ; Electric Conductivity ; Electric Impedance ; Hematocrit ; Mice

Objective To explore the association between ratio index of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase/platelet (GPRI) and the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before liver resection. Methods A total of 368 patients underwent liver resection for HBV-related HCC were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Patients were divided into high GPRI group (n=184, GPRI≥0.38) and low GPRI group (n=184, GPRI<0.38). Clinicopathologic characteristics including overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between the two groups. Independent risk factors influencing DFS and OS were determined by Cox multivariate analysis. Results Compared to low GPRI group, there were higher levels of serum total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase, higher proportions of tumor diameter larger than 10 cm, amount of tumou more than 3, and patients with macrovascular invasion and intermediate or advanced HCC in high GPRI group (all P<0.05). Values of DFS at 1, 3, and 5 years were significantly lower in high GPRI group (50.8%, 16.9%and 5.7%) than those in low GPRI group (69.0%, 33.3%, 10.7%;P=0.001). Values of OS at 1, 3, and 5 years were also significantly lower in high GPRI group (75.0%, 51.8%and 36.0%) than those in low GPRI group (89.8%, 72.8%and 63.2%;P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis also demonstrated that GPRI ≥0.38 was an independent risk factor for DFS and OS in patients with HBV-related HCC after liver resection. Conclusion Preoperative GPRI can predict tumor recurrence and long-term survival in patients with HBV-related HCC after liver resection.

Objective To retrospectively assess the prognostic impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection.Methods A total of 417 HCC patients who had undergone curative hepatic resection were included into two groups.108 patients were classified into DM group and 309 patients into the non-DM group.Overall survival,disease-free survival,postoperative morbidity and mortality were compared between the two groups after reducing confounding bias by propensity score matching.Independent prognostic predictors were determined by Cox proportional hazards model.Results Propensity score matching resulted in 89 patients in each group,and variables were balanced between two groups.In the matched cohort,DM and non-DM groups showed similar morbidity and 30-and 90-day mortality after curative hepatectomy (respectively x2 =0.837,x2 =Fisher,x2 =Fisher,all P ＞ 0.05),the 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 82.0％,59.9％,and 33.4％ in DM group and 90.7％,79.1％,and 69.3％ in non-DM group,respectively(P =0.001),however,there was no significant difference in disease-free survival between DM and non-DM groups.Cox multivariate analysis revealed that DM is an independent risk factor for overall survival in patients with HCC after curative resection,but not for disease-free survival.Conclusions DM does not increase the postoperative morbidity or mortality for patients with HCC after curative resection,however,DM may increase the risk of mortality of HCC patients in the long-term.

Objective To establish an animal model of severe blast lung injury in baby rabbits,and to provide a way to study the char-acteristic and treatment of blast lung injury in minors.Methods Randomly selected sixteen 4-weeks old New Zealand white rabbits,and the blast lung injuries were made by BST-Ⅰ biological shock tube with different drive pressure (4.0 MPa and 4.5 MPa)respectively.Then compared the injury severity of the 4.0 Mpa group and the 4.5 MPa group.Selected forty-eight 4-weeks old New Zealand white rabbits and di-vided them into the control group (8 rabbits)and the blast lung injury group (40 rabbits)Rabbits in the blast lung injury group were injured with 4.5 MPa drive pressure.Observed the vital signs,physiological index,gross anatomy of the lung,pathology,and pulmonary water content at the time of injury immediately (0 hour),2 hours,4 hours,6 hours,12 hours,24 hours,48 hours and 72 hours after the injury.Results Rabbits inthe 4.0 Mpa group and the 4.5 MPa group were all alive.The overpressure of blast wave of the 4.0Mpa group was (328.16 ± 4.78)kPa,rate of severe pulmonary defense was 12.5%,and the AIS score was (3.38 ±0.52)points.In the 4.5 MPa group,the overpressure of blast wave was (395.04 ±11.74)kPa,rate of severe pulmonary defense was 87.5%,and the AIS score was (4.13 ±0.64) points.Rabbits in the control group and the blast lung injury group were all alive.The spirits of rabbits were drooping immediately after inju-ry,and it last about 0.5 hour.Then the breathing and heart rate was accelerated,pulmonary water content was increased significantly,and there were extensive hemorrhage and edema in the lung.Most of the rabbits suffered severe lung injury,and the AIS score was (3.98 ±0.55) points.Lung tissue rupture,hemorrhage,edema,and inflammatory cells infiltration were the main pathological manifestations under light microscopy. Conclusion The model of severe blast lung injury in baby rabbits could be established with BST-Ⅰbiological shock tube and drive pressure of 4.5 MPa.It is relatively simple,easily controllable and highly repeatable,which can be used as a feasible model for the study of blast lung injury.

Background and purpose: The proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension (PHT) is high. PHT may increase the risk of hemorrhage and liver failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efifcacy of liver resection (LR) for patients with HCC and PHT. Methods:From 2006 to 2010, a total of 564 HCC patients with Child-Pugh A liver function and with (78) or without PHT (486) were retrospective analyzed. Complications after surgry, 30 and 90-day mortality, overall survival (OS), and recurrence rates were compared between the two groups. Propensity score analysis was also conducted to reduce confounding bias between the groups. Moreover, subgroup analysis based on tumor stage and the range of resection was carried out. Results:The complications after surgry, 30 and 90-day mortality of patients with PHT were signiifcantly higher than those without PHT, before and after propensity analysis (P<0.05). After an average follow-up of 32.1 months, the 1-, 3-, 5-year OS of patients with PHT (75%, 45%and 32%) were signiifcantly worse than those without PHT (90%, 66%and 48%;P<0.001). However, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence rates were similar between PHT group (31%, 57%, and 73%) and without PHT group (26%, 53%, and 67%;P=0.53). Moreover, the OS of the two groups were similar after propensity analysis, and for patients with early stage HCC and those who underwent minor hepatectomy (all P>0.05). Conclusion: PHT is not the contraindication of LR for patients with HCC. Those with early stage HCC and who underwent minor hepatectomy are the best candidates to LR therapy.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver resection.Methods A total of 432 patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC were divided into normal GGT group (175 patients with GGT ≤ 50 U/L) and high GGT group (257 patients with GGT ＞ 50 U/L).After balancing baseline characteristics by propensity score analysis,disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two groups.Independent risk factors influencing DFS and OS were identified by Cox multivariate analyses.Results Propensity score analysis identified 124 matched pairs of patients from each group.In the propensity-matched cohort,DFS at 1,3,and 5 years in normal GGT group (69.3％,36.1％,12.8％) was significantly higher than that in high GGT group (60.6％,18.7％,7.5％;P=0.039).OSat1,3,and5 years innommlGGTgroup (90.7％,73.7％,66.1％) was also significantly higher than that in high GGT group (89.2％,63.6％,43.3％;P =0.024).COX multivariate analyses revealed that alpha-fetoprotein ≥400 ng/ml,GGT ＞ 50 U/L,macrovascular invasion,tumor size ≥ 10 cm,and tumor number ≥3 were independent risk factors for DFS in patients with HCC after liver resection.Albumin ＜ 35 g/L,GGT ＞ 50 U/L,macrovascular invasion,tumor size ≥ 10 cm,and tumor number ≥ 3 were identified as independent risk factors for OS.Conclusions Preoperative serum GGT level is an independent factor predicting tumor recurrence and long-term survival in HCC patients after liver resection.

Objective To study the clinical feature,treatment,and prognosis of the cytomegalovirus (CMV)pneumonia patients treated with immunosuppressor against kidney disease.Mlethod The patients received immunosuppressor against kidney disease in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 1999 to December 2006.CMV antigen of leucocyte in the peripheral blood and/or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of these patients were detected with immunocytochemical methods,and 21 patients were found suffering from CMV pneumonia.The 21 patients were introvenously injected with ganciclovir 5～10 mg/(kg?d),and the immunosuppressive agent treatment suspended.Their clinical feature and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results The 21 patients received corticosteroids before CMV pneumonia contracted,of them,13 patients had been intensively treated with Methyllprednisolone with mean total dose(3.2?0.6)g.Of them,15 had been treated with cyclophosphamide with mean total dose(3.8?1.3)g.The median time from the beginning of using immunosuppressor to the onset of CMV pneumonia was 25(13～92)days.All patients had fever,cough, shortness of breath and X-ray showed interstitial pneumonia,of them,19 patients developed hypoxemia,and 11 patients' CMV antigen was positive in the leucocyte from bronchial lavage fluid.The result showed 9 patients survived and 12 died.The average duration of treatment with ganciclovir was(26.2?6.3)days. CMV pneumonia is a serious complication in patients who were treated with immunosuppressor against kidney disease.The mortality is high.Ganciclovir is a medicine of choice to treat CMV pneumonia.

Aim To study the effect of ginsenoside F1 on the enzyme activity and expression of gene of CYP3 A4 through activation of pregnane X receptor ( PXR ) . Methods With different concentrations of ginsenoside F1 treated on LS174T cells, the expression of CYP3A4 mRNA was determined by Q-PCR, and the enzyme activity was measured by P450-GloTM CYP3A4 assay according to the manufacturer′s instructions, fur-ther PXR-CYP3 A4 stable translation HepG2 cell lines were used to test ginsenoside F1 activates PXR by re-porter gene screening assay. Results The results re-vealed that the levels of CYP3 A4 gene and protein ex-pression were significantly increased by ginsenoside F1 in a concentration-dependent manner. At the same time, reporter gene screening showed that ginsenoside F1 could also enhance the transcriptional activity of PXR. Conclusion Ginsenoside F1 can significantly up-regulate the gene expression and enzyme activity of CYP3A4 via the PXR-CYP3A4 pathway.

Objective To study the risk factors of hyperthyroid heart diseases(HHD) by analyzing clinical features of patients in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of HHD. Methods Nine hundred and eighty two cases were selected as objective from in-patient data of Thyroid Disease Treatment Centre of Shandong Province. The cases were divided into hyperthyroidism group and HHD group. The variables of etiology,sex, age, duration of disease, TSH, FT3, FT4 and TRAb were analyzed by comparative analysis. The risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Results The prevalence of hyperthyroidism complicated hyperthyroid heart disease was 7.7%(76/982), age, duration of diseases, FT3, TRAb in the HHD group were [(51.4 ± 11.5), (6.3 ±2.1) years, 21.6 pmol/L, 71.6 U/L], in hyperthyroidism group were [(37.9 ± 9.8), (2.6 ± 1.3) years, 14.9pmol/L, 49.6 U/L]. The differences were statistically significant(u = 9.93,15.23, T = 44954,48792.5, P ＜ 0.05)between the two groups. The factors of the older, higher FT3 and TRAb, longer duration, Graves disease (OR =1.751,1.470,1.483,1.445,1.234) increased the risk of HHD. Conclusions Graves disease, longer duration, old age, higher FT3 and TRAb are the risk factors of HHD. Timely prevention and control of risk factors is necessary to reduce the incidence of HHD.