Objective:To study the chemical constituents of the methylene chloride of Rubus chingii Hu..Methods:Chromatography on silica gel column,Sephadex LH-20 column,and recrystallization technique were used to isolate and purify the compounds.Spectroscopy methods including EI-MS,ES-MS,1H-NMR,13CNMR,HMQC,and HMBC were used to elucidate the structures of compounds.Results:Ten compounds were obtained and 9 compounds were identified as:hexacosanol(Ⅰ),?-sitosterol(Ⅱ),4-hydro-3-methlbenzal acid(Ⅲ),4-hydrobenzal dehyde(Ⅳ),oleanolic acid(Ⅴ),stigmast-5-en-3-ol,oleate(Ⅵ),1H-2-indenone,2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3-(1-methylethyl)-7a-methyl(Ⅷ),4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acide(Ⅸ),and liballinol(Ⅹ).Conclusion:Compounds Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅵ,Ⅷ,and Ⅹhave been obtained from Rubus chingii for the first time.

Objective To explore the role of high-risk human papillomavirus(Hr-HPV) DNA testing in the detection of cervical intraepithelial lesions(CIN) Ⅱ and Ⅲ,or cervical cancers for patients with abnormal cervical cytology.Methods A total of 2197 patients with abnormal cervical liquid-based cytology,who had received Hr-HPV detection and colposcopy,were enrolled into this study.The data were analyzed using ?2-test and Logistic regression.Among the patients,1013(46.5%) had atypical squamous cells undetermined significance(ASC-US),89(4.1%) had atypical squamous cell which cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(ASC-H),757(34.7%) low squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL),253(11.6%) high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL),and 67(3.1%) atypical gland cells(AGC).Results Pathological examination showed CINⅡ in 224 patients(10.3%),CIN Ⅲ in 140(6.4%),cervical cancer in 27(1.2%),and adenocarcinoma in 9(0.4%).The other patients(1779/2179,81.6%) had CINⅠ,condyloma,or chronic cervicitis.The detection rate of CIN Ⅱ and Ⅲ,and cervical cancer was increased in the patients with Hr-HPV.The differences in the rate among ASC-US,ASC-H,LSIL,and HSIL patients were significant.The incidence rate of CINⅡ and Ⅲ,or cervical cancer was 2.2%(13/588),9.7%(21/216),24.9%(97/389),29.8%(182/611),and 23.2%(87/375) for the patients with a Hr-HPV load of 0-0.9,1.0-9.9,10.0-99.9,100.0-999.9,and ≥1000.0.Logistic regression showed that the risk of CINⅡ and Ⅲ,and cervical cancer increased by 1.325 folds with the log of the HPV load.Conclusions Hr-HPV DNA test is helpful for the detection of CIN Ⅱ and Ⅲ or cervical cancer in patients with abnormal cervical cytology.

In this mini review,some research advance on Marinomonas from domestic and overseas was briefly summarized,mainly including of its classification、ecological distribution、functional genes and bioactive molecules.Furthermore,some suggestion and perspectives for further studies on Marinomonas were also proposed.

60 Candida strains were analyzed with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) from HIV-infected patients' oral cavity.The results showed that RAPD-PCR fingerprinting appeared from zero to five bands whose size rang from 300 bp to 2 kb with P2 primer,Candida albicans have three characteristic bands of 300 bp,400 bp and 600 bp in size,non-Candida albicans have the similar bands.They can be clas-sified five genetic clusters and 14 genotypes by Cluster Analysis,two Candida albicans(P385&P403) with fluorocytosine-resistance were classified into C1 genotype for "Squared Euclidean Distance" being 0.115,one Candida albicans(P321) and one Candida glabrata(P522) who were resistant against Amphotericin B were classified into D1 genotype for "Squared Euclidean Distance" being 0.221.So,an abundant genetic polymorphism appeared in Candida species related HIV,RAPD could be as a reference for genotype of Candida albicans;different Candida speices had some special bands,different Candida strains had similar bands in the same species;it is perhaps that some genotypes were relevant to drug resistance.

Objective To explore economic valuation of the minimally invasive esophagectomy.Methods The cases undergone esophagectomy were studied retrospectively.Monofactorial analysis was done to evaluate the impact of various factors on the overall hospitalization costs.The correlated factors then were used as independent variables to carry out the multiple linear regression aimed at the hospitalization costs.Results The results of monofactorial analysis showed that the accompanying diseases,days during hospitalization,modes of esophagectomy,postoperative complications were correlated factors of the overall hospitalization costs.According to the multiple linear regression,it were sorted based on descending order duing to its effect of largenning the hospitalization costs:postoperative complications (β =0.439,P =0.000),days during hospitalization (β =0.397,P =0.000),accompanying diseases(β =0.257,P =0.000),modes of esophagectomy(β =0.132,P =0.000).The expenses caused immediately by the operations were statistically more of the minimally invasive surgery than that of the open procedures whatever the numerous or proportion of the overall costs (P =0.000).Conclusion Combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy was more expensive than open operation.Nevertheless,impact of the other factors,such as postoperative complications,were more significant than that of the different procedure.h was a strategy to minimally invasive osophagectomy that hospitalization costs could be reduced by means of controlling complications and diminishing hospitalization days.

Latest researches have indicated that wogonin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, could sensitize tumor cells to apoptosis, selectively induce apoptosis in the malignant tumor cells, inhibit tumor angiogenesis, reverse drug resistance as well as promote tumor cell death synergistically with other anti-cancer agents. This paper sum-marizes the involving mechanisms of wogonin's anti-tumor effects.

Objective:To detect the clinical features of vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasias(VIN and VAIN,respectively).Methods:Total 148 women were performed vulvar or vaginal coloposcopy-directed biopsy pathology tests,from Sep.2004 to Dec.2007.Results:Among 148 women,vulvar or vaginal histologic results were vulvar cancer for 1,VIN or VAIN 2,3 for 23,VIN or VAIN for 16,condyloma for 61,vulvitis and vaginitis for 47.Eighty-five percent(33/39) women with VIN or VAIN 2,3 were more than 30 years old.Compared to women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN),women with VIN or VAIN were older.The rate of high-risk HPV DNA in women with vulvar or vaginal lesions was 84%(84/100).VAIN occurred mainly in the upper vagina(90%,69/75).VIN or VAIN often accompanied or followed CIN or cervical cancer(79%,31/39),and VIN or VAIN 2,3 often accompanied or followed CIN 2,3 or cervical cancer(70%,16/23).Conclusion:Our data suggest that women with high-risk HPV infection are at risk of developing VIN or VAIN 2,3.The vulva and vagina should be carefully inspected by colposcopic examination at the time of colposcopy for any abnormal findings.

Curriculum ; Education, Medical, Graduate ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

To observe the effect of Astragali Radix polysaccharides (APS) on the learning and memory functions of aged rats, in order to explore its mechanism for improving the learning and memory functions. Natural aging female SD rats were selected in the animal model and randomly divided into the control group, the APS low-dose group (50 mg x kg(-1)), the APS high-dose group (150 mg x kg(-1)) and the piracetam-treated group (560 mg x kg(-1)). They were orally administered with the corresponding drugs for consecutively 60 days. Besides, a young control group was set. The learning and memory functions of the rats were tested by the open-field test and the Morris water maze task. The Western-blot method was used to observe the levels of relevant neural plasticity protein N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) in hippocampus, calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), protein kinase (PKA), the phosphorylation level of CAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and the protein expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF). In this study, the authors found that the learning and memory functions and the hippocampus neural plasticity protein expression of the aged rat group were much lower than that of the young control group (P < 0.01). Compared with the aged rat group, the APS group showed the significant improvement in the impaired learning and memory functions of aged rats and the up-regulation in the hippocampus neural plasticity protein expression. The results showed that APS may improve the learning and memory functions of aged rats by increasing the expressions of relevant neural plasticity proteins.
Aging ; drug effects ; metabolism ; psychology ; Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the role of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing in diagnosis of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3+) and cervical cancer.Methods Total 3426 women with known cytologic abnormality tests were subjected to detect high-risk HPV DNA by hybrid capture II and to have established diagnoses by cervical coloposcopy-directed biopsy test.Results Among 3426 women,45 were cervical cancer,670 were CIN 2/3,and 2711 were CIN 1 or other benign lesions based on the cervical histologic results. Compared with the women with CIN 1 or other benign lesions,the women with CIN 2/3+ had higher positive rates of HR-HPV. Higher load of HR-HPV was more common among women with cervical lesions than those without. Fifty-seven women who were transiently HR-HPV positive did not develop CIN2/3+ during follow-up.Conclusions Our data suggest that a high viral load could be used as a short-term marker of CIN 2/3+,and women repeatedly tested positive for HR-HPV are at risk of developing CIN2/3+. Detecting HR-HPV and follow up the positive women would be useful in diagnosis of CIN2/3+.