Objective: To search for a new method for synthesis of 9 fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acid tert-butyl ester. Methods: Glycine, L-Proline, and L-Phenylanaline were separately allowed to react with 9-fluorenylnmthylchloroformate to obtain the corresponding 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acids. With 4-(dimethylamine) pyridine (DMAP) used as catalyst, the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acids were allowed to react with Tert butyl dicarbonate for the corresponding 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acid tert-butyl esters. Results: Three 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyI amino acid tert-butyl esters were successfully synthesized by this method and their structures were confirmed by 1 H NMR. Conclusion: Ours is a simple method with mild condition and high yielding rate for synthesis of 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acid tert-butyl esters.

Air Pollution, Indoor ; analysis ; Anesthetics ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Isoflurane ; analysis ; Methyl Ethers ; analysis ; Operating Rooms

Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Physical Examination ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnosis ; Thoracotomy

Child ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary

Astrocytoma ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Prognosis

In this mini review,some research advance on Marinomonas from domestic and overseas was briefly summarized,mainly including of its classification、ecological distribution、functional genes and bioactive molecules.Furthermore,some suggestion and perspectives for further studies on Marinomonas were also proposed.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a overnight procedure in China.Methods The data of 59 consecutive patients who had undergone outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy between Januaiy 2013 and January 2015.All the patients were operated in the morning hours and discharged during 24 hours after operation.They were contacted by telephone 3 days subsequent to surgery and were seen in the outpatient unit 7 days after.Results Fifty-nine laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed.No Conversion to open surgery case.The average operation time was 25 minutes,and restore semi-liquid diet 6 hours after the operation All the 59 patients were discharged during 24 hours after operations.None of the patients had an emergency readmission.None of the patients had complications 7 days after discharged.The average payment was 8 240 yuan.Conclusion These results suggest that laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be routinely performed as a overnight procedure.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; methods ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Paraffin Embedding ; methods ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism

During past 50 years,has achieved a great progress and derived some profound lessons worthy of learning and studying for our country.This article introduces the deinstitutionalization processes of mental health institutions,reinstitutionalization and the inspiration for Chinese mental health reform.Introduced the paper are the reform of deinstitutionalization of mental health institutions in USA and some other countries,and the concept of such a reform,pointing out inspirations of such a reform for mental health reform in China.

BACKGROUND: Pedicle screw fixation is a common repair method for thoracolumbar fractures. Of them, pedicle screw placement into the injured vertebra is an important method. However, the long-term effects and the related biomechanical properties deserve further analysis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term effect and biomechanical characteristics of the internal fixation of thoracolumbar fractures by pedicle screw implantation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 126 cases of thoracolumbar fractures. The patients were treated with pedicle screw implantation and the treatment was fol owed up regularly. Ten specimens of fresh calf chest and lumbar spines were obtained. Five specimens served as an experimental group to prepare models of anterior middle column fractures, and these specimens received pedicle screw fixation into the injured vertebra. The other five specimens served as the control group, and did not receive any treatment. In the two groups, along the sagittal axis, axial compression displacement, anterior flexion displacement, posterior extension displacement, torsion angle and pul -out strength were measured and recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Clinical trial results: 126 patients were fol owed up for 10-36 months. Compared with pre-treatment, compression ratio of the injured vertebra, the height of intervertebral space, vertebral slip distance, visual analogue score and Cobb angle were significantly improved at 1 month after treatment and during final fol ow-up (al P < 0.05). No significant difference in above indexed was detected between 1 month and final fol ow-up (al P > 0.05). At the end of fol ow-up, Frankel spinal cord injury grade was significantly improved (Z=-4.127, P < 0.05). After operation, three patients suffered from pulmonary infection, four patients affected urinary tract infection, and one patient experienced delayed wound healing. (2) Biomechanical results: axial compression displacement, anterior flexion displacement, posterior extension displacement, torsion angle and pul -out strength were smal er in the experimental group than in the control group (al P > 0.05). (3) Above findings showed that pedicle screw fixation into the injured vertebra for thoracolumbar fractures obtained good long-term effects, and had good biomechanical properties.